Pension income insurance is in the Czech market since 1994 and throughout its operation, the number of its clients increase. Its unique position is due to tax attractive and state contributions. Currently, on the market oprate 10 pension funds, which provides its clients with pension plans for 5 years and then can be saved as a single draw funds or annuity, according to the pension plan. The entire pension system is composed of two pillars PAYG and fading based , which are mutually complementary. Due to adverse demographic changes and financial sustainability of the system, it is necessary to reform the pension system. On the basis of economic expertise have been drawn up various options for changes in the voluntary pillar. Due to the necessary legislative changes, there was also a significant change in the pension income insurance scheme and its position was substantially changed. The voluntary nature of pension obligations have been replaced and now have the ability to save clients money into funds with different investment strategies. "Old" pension scheme will operate in parallelly with the new system, but access to it is no longer possible, it is possible that the pension insurance with state contribution in the longer term expires. The implementation of the government will decide next month.

A aderência entre os investimentos das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPCs) e as características dos negócios privados de infraestrutura de transporte sinalizam uma boa alternativa para alocação de recursos dessas entidades e a formação de um mercado de funding privado ao Brasil, porém, algumas barreiras de mercado, principalmente os riscos políticos-regulatórios, falta de garantias aos financiadores, alto valor pago pelos títulos públicos e os riscos inerentes ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, atualmente, impedem que haja um fluxo constante de capital para o setor. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como pode ser promovido um ambiente indutor de recursos das EFPCs à investimentos de infraestrutura de transporte no Brasil, como forma de aumentar o financiamento privado ao setor. Para tal, busca-se mediante a aplicação de um questionário junto aos gestores das EFPCs elencar quais são os principais entraves que dificultam os investimentos das mesmas em debêntures de infraestrutura de transportes. Para se preparar as questões, são organizados dados sobre o investimento em infraestrutura de transporte, o financiamento do setor, aspectos sobre a emissão de debêntures incentivadas de infraestrutura e os motivos que levaram as mesmas a não obterem grande inserção de mercado. Por sua vez, os dados resultantes da pesquisa são tabulados e apresentados sugerindo um conjunto de medidas estimuladoras ou mitigadoras de riscos que visam contribuir para redução dos entraves e favorecer a compra dos títulos de debêntures de infraestrutura de transporte. As sugestões são apresentadas sob uma discussão de como cada uma delas protege ou incentiva o investidor da debênture de infraestrutura. Por fim, para se testar o grau de sustentação das medidas propostas o trabalho lança mão um empreendimento protótipo que confronta, quando possível, os impactos de cada medida ou instrumento de garantia proposto frente aos indicadores da qualidade do negócio (Taxa de Retorno do empreendimento e payback) ou frente ao custo da tarifa paga pelo usuário. / The adhesion between the investments of Pension Funds (EFPCs) and the characteristics of private business transportation infrastructure indicates a good alternative for resource allocation of these entities and the formation of a private funding market in Brazil, however, some market barriers, especially the political regulatory risks, lack of guarantees to lenders, high value paid by government bonds and the inherent risks in the environmental licensing process, currently, prevents a steady flow of capital for the sector. This study aims to identify how it can be promoted a resource-inducing environment of EFPCs to transport infrastructure investments in Brazil as a way to increase private funding to the sector. To this end, the main goal is, by applying a questionnaire with the managers of EFPCs, outline what the main obstacles that hinder investments in the same transport infrastructure debentures. To prepare these questions the data are organized on investment in transport infrastructure, industry funding, aspects on the issue of debentures encouraged infrastructure and the reasons that led them to not achieve great market insertion. In turn, the resulting data of the survey are tabulated and presented suggesting a set of stimulatory measures or mitigating risks that aim to contribute to reducing barriers and encouraging the purchase of tickets infrastructure debentures. The suggestions are presented in a discussion of how each protects or encourages the investors infrastructure debenture. Finally, to test the degree of support of the work proposed measures, makes use of a prototype model that confronts, where possible, the impact of each measure or guarantee instrument proposed front of business quality indicators (Rate of Return of the project and payback) or against the cost of user-pay rate.

O Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro é composto por três regimes: o Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), o Próprio de Previdência do Servidor (RPPS) e o de Previdência Complementar (RPC), operado por entidades abertas e fechadas (EAPC e EFPC). O foco deste estudo é a gestão financeira das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPC) reconhecidas no mercado pela denominação de Fundos de Pensão. Durante o processo de pesquisa e coleta de informações para este estudo, tanto em bases de dados de trabalhos científicos nacionais, quanto em internacionais, além da literatura sobre previdência complementar; verificou-se a inexistência de uma abordagem conjunta dos assuntos relevantes para a gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão. Tais trabalhos e livros abordavam a previdência complementar fechada sob o enfoque legal, contábil, atuarial, sócio-ambiental, da alocação de ativos de investimentos, de governança corporativa; porém de forma individualizada ou reunindo no máximo dois tópicos, nenhum consolidando todos os assuntos. Diante dessa lacuna na literatura/trabalhos científicos e: por ser o Sistema de Previdência Complementar Fechado um dos futuros provedores de recursos de longo prazo para o processo de desenvolvimento do Brasil (como ocorre em outros países); estar em fase de crescimento com o advento da previdência associativa (novos instituidores) e possuir reservas garantidoras de ativos de investimentos de R$ 480,3 bilhões (junho/2008) as quais garantem pagamento de benefícios e pensões a 6,3 milhões (junho/2008) de participantes/assistidos; optou-se pelo desenvolvimento de um estudo que estruturasse todas as questões relevantes para uma eficiente e eficaz gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão.Os assuntos foram desenvolvidos em dez capítulos, abordando os principais aspectos para proporcionar uma visão sistêmica da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão. Destacam-se os temas: sistema previdenciário no Brasil e em outros países; sistemas de regulamentação e controle; governança corporativa e a gestão de risco; práticas de sustentabilidade financeira; descreve a política de investimentos e a gestão financeira da tesouraria; gestão de investimentos de curto e longo prazo nos Fundos de Pensão e acompanhamento das empresas participadas; práticas contábeis exclusivas; aspectos tributários da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão e empresas participadas; teorias de auxílio da gestão financeira; e, suporte tecnológico para a gestão financeira e operacional. / The Brazilian Pension System is composed of three regimens: the General Social Security System (RGPS), the Proper Security System of the Civil Servant (RPPS) and the Supplementary Security System (RPC), operated by open and closed security entities (EFPC and EAPC). The focus of this study is the Financial Management of Closed Entities of Supplementary Security (EFPC) known for the market name of Pension Funds. During the process of research and collecting of information for this study, both in the databases of national and international papers, we noticed that, in the literature available on supplementary pension, there was the lack of a joint approach on the relevant issues to Financial Management of Pension Funds. The existent works and books address Closed Supplementary Social Security under the focus of Law, Accounting, Actuary, Social Environment, Allocation of Assets of Investments, Corporate Governance, but each one, individually, or at most two topics together, never consolidating all these subjects. Face this gap in the literature / scientific papers, and as the Closed Supplementary Pension System is one of the future providers of long term resources for the development process in Brazil (as in other countries), and as Brazil is in phase of growth with the advent of the Security Associations (new providers) and as Brazil owns guarantor reserves of investment assets of R$ 480,3 billion (June/2008) which guarantee the payment of benefits and pensions to 6,3 million (June/2008) participants / beneficiaries, we decided for a structural study that could address all the relevant issues to an efficient and effective Financial Management of Pension Funds. The issues were developed in ten chapters, covering the main aspects, in order to provide a systemic view of the Financial Management of Pension Funds. We highlight the following topics: the pension system in Brazil and other countries; regulation and control systems; corporate governance and risk management; financial sustainability practices; treasury financial management and investment policies; management of short and long term investments in Pension Funds and monitoring of holdings; unique accounting practices; tax aspects of financial management of Pension Funds and holdings; theories of financial management aid; and technological support to the financial and operational management.

This study provides a view of the decision-making process of Dutch company pension funds. The success of this research was the exceptional granting of access to four cases. Lack of such access could very well be the reason why research of this nature has not been previously achieved. The financial health of pension funds, expressed by the coverage ratio, showed a decline in 2008. Research has shown that there is a relationship between decision-making processes and outcome. Were the processes appropriate to set up and maintain a sufficient coverage ratio? A tailor-made conceptual research model has been developed and used as an analysis aid to research the TO BE situation based on legal requirements and factional documents and the AS IS situation based on empirical data. The model made it feasible to shed light on the implementation of good pension fund governance principles and decision-making process, which is a contribution to the current gap in research. The research showed that there is a relationship between the implementation of pension fund governance principles and appropriate decision-making processes. It also showed that there is a relationship between an appropriate decision-making process and coverage ratio. Both conclusions are not statistically proven due to the lack of the statistical significance, but are qualitative analysed and confirmed in the conducted case studies. It is suggested to use the research model by supervisor or pension funds to establish the mismatch between the implementation of pension fund governance principles and decision-making processes to enhance the quality of decision-making processes and outcome.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-04T19:49:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Evandro Neves da Cunha Filho.pdf: 2439205 bytes, checksum: e2ae55c98289f818ec6f2029a19257c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-04T13:18:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Evandro Neves da Cunha Filho.pdf: 2439205 bytes, checksum: e2ae55c98289f818ec6f2029a19257c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T13:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Evandro Neves da Cunha Filho.pdf: 2439205 bytes, checksum: e2ae55c98289f818ec6f2029a19257c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-05 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o sistema de previdência complementar para o poder de compra e para qualidade de vida das pessoas no futuro. Antigamente a adesão à previdência complementar era muito restrita, pois quase não existia divulgação nesse sentido, além disso a previdência complementar fechada se restringia a empresas de grande porte ou alguns órgãos públicos e a previdência complementar aberta era produto de luxo, apenas para pessoas de alto poder aquisitivo e/ou boa instrução. Hoje em dia, as previdências fechadas já são oferecidas em empresas de médio porte, grupo de empresas, associação de classe e nos órgãos públicos em quase a sua totalidade e na previdência aberta já se acentuou o número de adeptos. A previdência complementar vem demonstrando ser uma solução para evitar a perda de qualidade de vida das pessoas no momento da aposentadoria e de grande relevância para a economia. O estudo investiga o problema através de um método exploratório, qualitativo e documental por meio de um acervo em livros, artigos e sites com informações sobre o assunto. O aumento dos investimentos em Previdência Complementar tem sido um aspecto bem relevante já que grande parte dos ativos são em títulos públicos, renda fixa e renda variável, negociados no mercado financeiro. Os ativos dos fundos de pensão de alguns países são responsáveis por grande parte do PIB. / This work aims to analyze the pension system for the purchasing power and quality of life in the future. Previously joining the pension was very restricted because hardly existed disclosure in this sense also the closed pension was restricted to large companies and some government agencies and the open pension was luxury product, only to top people purchasing power and / or good education. Nowadays, closed social securities are already offered in medium-sized companies, group of companies, trade association and government agencies almost full and open pension already emphasized the number of supporters. The pension has proven to be a solution to prevent the loss of quality of life at retirement and of great importance to the economy. The study investigates the problem through an exploratory, qualitative and documentary method through a collection of books, articles and websites with information on the subject. The increased investment in Pension Funds has been a very important aspect since most of the assets are in government bonds, fixed income and equities traded on the financial market. The assets of some countries pension funds are responsible for much of the GDP.

The Pension system in the Czech Republic seems to be financialy unsustainable because of demographic development and economic consequences which is why it requires detailed systemathic change. This thesis will, in theory, describe and analyze reform possibilities which are derived primarily from conclusions of the Bezděk comission. At the same time it will also focus on alternatives which are presented by political parties or which are known from experiences from abroad. This thesis will also mention particular social groups which the pension system is related to, as well as pension funds and the state. The goal is to present comprehensive overview on the pension system issues and also show possible solutions.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2018-06-04T20:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fabrizio Aguiar de Souza Scommegna.pdf: 287416 bytes, checksum: e17218bb03b78e9e9454efa303f5f345 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T20:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fabrizio Aguiar de Souza Scommegna.pdf: 287416 bytes, checksum: e17218bb03b78e9e9454efa303f5f345 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Brazilian pension funds have allocated 90% of their investments in fixed income and equity. The insertion of alternative investments, such as commodities, can improve the risk / return relationship since it carries zero correlation in comparison with the others. To verify if this new category can be considered as investment in a portfolio with the best risk / return ratio, the Sharpe Ratio was used to compare optimal portfolios that used commodities with others that did not use it. As a robustness test, we applied Ledoit and Wolf (2008), which compares two Sharpe Ratios in non-normal time series. The period considered is 2009 to 2017, we also observed periods of three years. The results showed that fixed income maintains high returns with low volatility and the portfolios resorts it, equities was not relevant for any period analyzed and investments in commodities were considered in the period of high interest of the economy. The Sharpe Ratio of that period was statistically higher than the traditional portfolio. / Os fundos de pens??o brasileiros t??m alocado 90% dos seus recursos em investimentos na classe de ativos de renda fixa e renda vari??vel. A inser????o de investimentos alternativos, como commodities, pode melhorar a rela????o risco/retorno dado que carrega correla????o nula em compara????o com as demais. Para verificar se essa nova categoria pode ser considerada como investimento em uma carteira com a melhor rela????o risco/retorno, fez-se o uso do ??ndice de Sharpe para comparar carteiras ??timas que utilizaram commodities com outras que n??o se utilizaram disso. Como teste de robustez usou-se de Ledoit e Wolf (2008) que compara dois ??ndices de Sharpe em s??ries temporais n??o normais. Al??m de investigar o per??odo de 2009 a 2017, foram observados tamb??m os tri??nios compreendidos nessa ??poca. Os resultados demonstraram que a renda fixa mant??m altos retornos com baixa volatilidade e as carteiras utilizaram bastaste dessa, o segmento de mercado renda vari??vel n??o foi relevante para nenhum per??odo analisado e os investimentos em commodities foram considerados no per??odo de alta de juros da economia. O ??ndice de Sharpe desse per??odo foi estatisticamente maior que a carteira tradicional.

<p>The subject for this paper is the Class Action against Skandia Association, a civil organization formed in 2003 with the aim of claiming compensation for some 1.2 million life insurance customers. The background to its formation was one of the largest financial scandals in Sweden in recent times, involving a number of questionable affairs within the insurance corporation Skandia and its subsidiaries, most notably the life insurance company Skandia Liv. The interests of both the stake- and stockholders of the company seem, in certain ways, to have been grossly misrepresented. The scandal, as well as the reaction it spawned, pose a number of questions. In this study, we focus on two: a possible, and in many ways apparent crisis in the representation of interests in Swedish society, and the role of civil society in upholding the balance between these interests.</p><p>We argue that what is often held to be the ”greed” or ”immorality” of individuals in scandals such as Skandia is, to a great extent, a mere reflection of the ”rational” underpinnings of modern-day capitalism.</p><p>We find that trust has been a key mechanism of control in the relationships between consumers and agents in pension and life insurance markets, and that ”the Swedish model” that distinguished post-WWII Swedish society was a model heavily based on trust towards existing models of bureaucratic governance. Furthermore, the increase in social and technical complexity of the systems and relationships necessary of our individual and collective welfare, as well as the growing anonymity of the people we depend on, seem to have resulted in a gap that cannot be bridged without resorting to trust.</p><p>We also find that elements of the Skandia scandal mirror a larger societal development in which the balance between interests has been disrupted, causing severe breaches of trust. Over time, and as a result of a largely global interplay between power and discourse, the Swedish model has undergone a considerable transition, gradually transforming elements of the underlying institutional foundations of both the market and the state.</p><p>Such transitions, and the herein observed inability of both market and state to cope with them while maintaining the balance between interests of society as a whole, make us believe that the importance of a vital civil society cannot be understated. The Class Action against Skandia Association is a testament to its potential.</p>

In this work we contribute to the literature about the optimal asset allocation in continuous-time. In particular, we consider the problem of maximising the expected utility of the investor's final wealth over a finite time horizon. We develop a suitable framework in the dynamic stochastic optimal control theory in order to analyse the optimal asset allocation problem for an institutional investor like a bank, an insurance company, an investment fund, or a pension fund. Such an investor cannot control the contributions to and withdrawals from the managed wealth. In fact, while the classical consumption-portfolio problem considers consumption as a control variable, in our analysis the flows of wealth that are different from the coupons and dividends, are just state variables. We refer to them as "background variables". Furthermore, the analysis explicitly takes into account the inflation risk that is generally neglected by the asset allocation literature. In such a context we present some quasi-explicit solutions for the optimal asset allocation problem without specifying any particular functional form for the drift and diffusion terms of the stochastic differential equations describing the financial market, the background variables, and inflation. The institutional investor's attitude towards risk is supposed to be described by an increasing and concave utility function whose risk aversion is absolutely constant, relatively constant, or hyperbolic according to the problem setting that must be solved. Finally, we explicitly consider the case of a pension fund that must maximise the expected utility of its surplus. Unlike the analyses studying the problem of a non-actuarial institutional investor, the case of a pension fund requires the introduction of two new characteristics: (i) the different behaviour of the fund's wealth during the accumulation and the decumulation phases, and (ii) the mortality risk. We develop a set up aimed at finding out how and how much this mortality risk affects the optimal asset allocation./ Dans ce travail nous donnons une contribution à la litérature de l'allocation optimale du portefeuille en temps continu. En particulier, nous analysons le problème d'un investisseur qui veut maximiser la valeur espérée de l'utilité de sa richesse, avec un horizon temporel fini. En utilisant la théorie du contrôle optimal dynamique, on developpe un modèle dédié à l'analyse de l'allocation optimal de portefeuille pour un investisseur institutionnel tel qu'une banque, une compagnie d'assurance, un fond commun d'investissement ou un fond de pension. Un tel investisseur ne peut pas contrôler les contributions et les prelèvements du fond géré. En effet, même si l'approche classique optimise soit le portefeuille soit la consommation intertemporelle en considérant les prélèvements du fond dûs à la consommation comme une variable de contrôle, dans notre approche les flux de richesse qui diffèrent des coupons et dividends, sont tout simplement des variables d'état. On appellera ces variables "variables de background". De plus, notre analyse rend compte explicitement du risque d'inflation qui est généralement négligé par la literature sur l'allocation des actifs financiers. Dans ce contexte nous présentons une solution quasi-explicite pour l'investissement optimal sans spécifier acune forme fonctionnelle ni pour les dérives, ni pour les diffusions des équations stochastiques qui décrivent le marché financier, les variables de background et l'inflation. Nous supposons que l'attitude envers le risque de l'investisseur institutionnel est décrit par une fonction d'utilité croissante et concave, dont l'aversion au risque est absolument constante, relativement constante ou hyperbolique selons la structure du problème qui doit être resolu. Finalement nous analyson explicitement le cas d'un fond de pension qui veut maximiser la valeur espérée de sons surplus. Contrairement aux modèles qui étudient un investisseur qui est institutionnel mais pas actuarial, le cas d'un fond de pension requiert l'introduction de deux nouvelles characteristiques: (i) le comportement différent de la richesse du fond pendant les phases d'accumulation et de décumulation, et (ii) le risque de mortalité. Nous developpons un modèle afin de déterminer comment et combien le risque de mortalité affecte l'allocation optimale de portefeuille.

One of the classical problems in finance is that of an economic unit who aims at maximizing his expected life-time utility from consumption and/or terminal wealth by an effective asset-liability management. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the optimal investment strategies , from the point of view of their economic utility, for individual and institutional investors such pension funds.