A aderência entre os investimentos das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPCs) e as características dos negócios privados de infraestrutura de transporte sinalizam uma boa alternativa para alocação de recursos dessas entidades e a formação de um mercado de funding privado ao Brasil, porém, algumas barreiras de mercado, principalmente os riscos políticos-regulatórios, falta de garantias aos financiadores, alto valor pago pelos títulos públicos e os riscos inerentes ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, atualmente, impedem que haja um fluxo constante de capital para o setor. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como pode ser promovido um ambiente indutor de recursos das EFPCs à investimentos de infraestrutura de transporte no Brasil, como forma de aumentar o financiamento privado ao setor. Para tal, busca-se mediante a aplicação de um questionário junto aos gestores das EFPCs elencar quais são os principais entraves que dificultam os investimentos das mesmas em debêntures de infraestrutura de transportes. Para se preparar as questões, são organizados dados sobre o investimento em infraestrutura de transporte, o financiamento do setor, aspectos sobre a emissão de debêntures incentivadas de infraestrutura e os motivos que levaram as mesmas a não obterem grande inserção de mercado. Por sua vez, os dados resultantes da pesquisa são tabulados e apresentados sugerindo um conjunto de medidas estimuladoras ou mitigadoras de riscos que visam contribuir para redução dos entraves e favorecer a compra dos títulos de debêntures de infraestrutura de transporte. As sugestões são apresentadas sob uma discussão de como cada uma delas protege ou incentiva o investidor da debênture de infraestrutura. Por fim, para se testar o grau de sustentação das medidas propostas o trabalho lança mão um empreendimento protótipo que confronta, quando possível, os impactos de cada medida ou instrumento de garantia proposto frente aos indicadores da qualidade do negócio (Taxa de Retorno do empreendimento e payback) ou frente ao custo da tarifa paga pelo usuário. / The adhesion between the investments of Pension Funds (EFPCs) and the characteristics of private business transportation infrastructure indicates a good alternative for resource allocation of these entities and the formation of a private funding market in Brazil, however, some market barriers, especially the political regulatory risks, lack of guarantees to lenders, high value paid by government bonds and the inherent risks in the environmental licensing process, currently, prevents a steady flow of capital for the sector. This study aims to identify how it can be promoted a resource-inducing environment of EFPCs to transport infrastructure investments in Brazil as a way to increase private funding to the sector. To this end, the main goal is, by applying a questionnaire with the managers of EFPCs, outline what the main obstacles that hinder investments in the same transport infrastructure debentures. To prepare these questions the data are organized on investment in transport infrastructure, industry funding, aspects on the issue of debentures encouraged infrastructure and the reasons that led them to not achieve great market insertion. In turn, the resulting data of the survey are tabulated and presented suggesting a set of stimulatory measures or mitigating risks that aim to contribute to reducing barriers and encouraging the purchase of tickets infrastructure debentures. The suggestions are presented in a discussion of how each protects or encourages the investors infrastructure debenture. Finally, to test the degree of support of the work proposed measures, makes use of a prototype model that confronts, where possible, the impact of each measure or guarantee instrument proposed front of business quality indicators (Rate of Return of the project and payback) or against the cost of user-pay rate.

O Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro é composto por três regimes: o Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), o Próprio de Previdência do Servidor (RPPS) e o de Previdência Complementar (RPC), operado por entidades abertas e fechadas (EAPC e EFPC). O foco deste estudo é a gestão financeira das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPC) reconhecidas no mercado pela denominação de Fundos de Pensão. Durante o processo de pesquisa e coleta de informações para este estudo, tanto em bases de dados de trabalhos científicos nacionais, quanto em internacionais, além da literatura sobre previdência complementar; verificou-se a inexistência de uma abordagem conjunta dos assuntos relevantes para a gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão. Tais trabalhos e livros abordavam a previdência complementar fechada sob o enfoque legal, contábil, atuarial, sócio-ambiental, da alocação de ativos de investimentos, de governança corporativa; porém de forma individualizada ou reunindo no máximo dois tópicos, nenhum consolidando todos os assuntos. Diante dessa lacuna na literatura/trabalhos científicos e: por ser o Sistema de Previdência Complementar Fechado um dos futuros provedores de recursos de longo prazo para o processo de desenvolvimento do Brasil (como ocorre em outros países); estar em fase de crescimento com o advento da previdência associativa (novos instituidores) e possuir reservas garantidoras de ativos de investimentos de R$ 480,3 bilhões (junho/2008) as quais garantem pagamento de benefícios e pensões a 6,3 milhões (junho/2008) de participantes/assistidos; optou-se pelo desenvolvimento de um estudo que estruturasse todas as questões relevantes para uma eficiente e eficaz gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão.Os assuntos foram desenvolvidos em dez capítulos, abordando os principais aspectos para proporcionar uma visão sistêmica da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão. Destacam-se os temas: sistema previdenciário no Brasil e em outros países; sistemas de regulamentação e controle; governança corporativa e a gestão de risco; práticas de sustentabilidade financeira; descreve a política de investimentos e a gestão financeira da tesouraria; gestão de investimentos de curto e longo prazo nos Fundos de Pensão e acompanhamento das empresas participadas; práticas contábeis exclusivas; aspectos tributários da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão e empresas participadas; teorias de auxílio da gestão financeira; e, suporte tecnológico para a gestão financeira e operacional. / The Brazilian Pension System is composed of three regimens: the General Social Security System (RGPS), the Proper Security System of the Civil Servant (RPPS) and the Supplementary Security System (RPC), operated by open and closed security entities (EFPC and EAPC). The focus of this study is the Financial Management of Closed Entities of Supplementary Security (EFPC) known for the market name of Pension Funds. During the process of research and collecting of information for this study, both in the databases of national and international papers, we noticed that, in the literature available on supplementary pension, there was the lack of a joint approach on the relevant issues to Financial Management of Pension Funds. The existent works and books address Closed Supplementary Social Security under the focus of Law, Accounting, Actuary, Social Environment, Allocation of Assets of Investments, Corporate Governance, but each one, individually, or at most two topics together, never consolidating all these subjects. Face this gap in the literature / scientific papers, and as the Closed Supplementary Pension System is one of the future providers of long term resources for the development process in Brazil (as in other countries), and as Brazil is in phase of growth with the advent of the Security Associations (new providers) and as Brazil owns guarantor reserves of investment assets of R$ 480,3 billion (June/2008) which guarantee the payment of benefits and pensions to 6,3 million (June/2008) participants / beneficiaries, we decided for a structural study that could address all the relevant issues to an efficient and effective Financial Management of Pension Funds. The issues were developed in ten chapters, covering the main aspects, in order to provide a systemic view of the Financial Management of Pension Funds. We highlight the following topics: the pension system in Brazil and other countries; regulation and control systems; corporate governance and risk management; financial sustainability practices; treasury financial management and investment policies; management of short and long term investments in Pension Funds and monitoring of holdings; unique accounting practices; tax aspects of financial management of Pension Funds and holdings; theories of financial management aid; and technological support to the financial and operational management.

[pt] O presente trabalho pretende analisar a performance dos fundos de pensão brasileiros em comparação com os planos geradores de benefícios livres (PGBLs). Para tal, é preciso identificar e descrever suas características e as metodologias de avaliação de sua performance. No referencial teórico, descreve-se a evolução dos fundos de pensão no Brasil e seu cenário atual, destacando-se a legislação sobre seus investimentos. A pesquisa avalia a performance a partir da análise dos retornos, utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, e dos retornos ajustados ao risco, através da comparação de fundos pelos seus índices de Sharpe amostrais. Por fim, é analisada a persistência dos retornos ajustados ao risco para duas janelas de tempo a partir do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Com este estudo, pretende-se identificar se os resultados apresentados pelos fundos de pensão ao longo do tempo tem sido persistentes e se estes são diferentes dos apresentados pelos PGBLs. / [en] The present work intends to analyze Brazilian pension funds in comparison with free benefits generating plans (PGBLs). To do so, it is necessary to identify and describe their characteristics and their performance evaluation methodologies. In the theoretical framework, it is described pension funds evolution and their present scenario, highlighting their investment legislation. The research evaluates performance from the return analysis, using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, and risk-adjusted return analysis, using a comparison of funds Sharpes index. Finally, persistence of risk-adjusted return is analyzed for two time periods, using Spearmans correlation coefficient. This study intends to identify if the results obtained by pension funds analysis have been persistent through time and if they are different from the PGBLs results.

The graduation theses is analyzing possibilities of pension reform in the Czech republic, proposals of political parties and financial group ING and then is considering situation in other europian countries and in the USA.

The main addressed question of this thesis is whether international experiences indicate that private pension pillar contributes to the profitability and stability of pension system and economic development. Firstly, global private pension pillar is characterized. Its long term return is estimated from derived virtual portfolio. Following Aaron-Samuelson principle, it is calculated notional return of global public pension pillar. Comparing returns of both pillars, there is slightly higher return of private pension pillar, but considering variability, entailing risk, the public pension pillar becomes favorable. Moreover, combination of both pillar doesn't seem to be effective since both returns are well correlated. Next section of the thesis deals with economic effects of private pension pillar on labor market. Simple correlation doesn't proof a positive linking of private pension pillar's contribution magnitude and labor activity, expressed as an average annual working time of population in productivity age. Subsequent analysis of private pension pillar's outlook in selected countries illustrates unfulfilled expectations of participants in private pension pillars. Reflecting all particular findings, it wasn't confirmed that private pension pillars substantially contribute to profitability and stability of pension system and performance of economy.

Orientador: Bruno Martarello De Conti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T08:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bastos_HenriqueGoncalves_M.pdf: 1980248 bytes, checksum: b41309facbe175243df3839a0b18cec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar se os fundos fechados de previdência complementar atuam ou têm potencial para atuar na alocação de ativos em instrumentos de funding no Brasil. Em simultâneo, explora-se algumas das razões apontadas na literatura para explicar porque o país não dispõe de um sistema privado e autônomo capaz de financiar investimentos no longo prazo. Para investigar o assunto, são apresentados os principais elementos teóricos de uma economia monetária de produção que auxiliam na compreensão do tema, sobretudo o circuito finance-funding, proposto por Keynes, em contraposição à teoria convencional dos fundos emprestáveis, que coloca a poupança como elemento previamente necessário à realização do investimento. São consideradas também as questões pertinentes ao capitalismo globalizado sob dominância financeira, que identifica a importância dos investidores institucionais na determinação dos grandes movimentos de capitais, da exacerbação da preferência pela liquidez e do comportamento de curto prazo nos mercados secundários. Considerando a hipótese de que o financiamento ao investimento de longo prazo no Brasil não depende do fluxo prévio de poupança, mas da estratégia de alocação da riqueza dos agentes econômicos que atuam no mercado financeiro nacional, foram avaliados os fundos fechados de previdência complementar (fundos de pensão) para analisar sua pertinência / Abstract: This work aims to assess whether private pension funds acts or have the potential to act in asset allocation to funding instruments in Brazil. It also explores some of the reasons presented in the literature to explain why the country does not have a private and autonomous system able to finance long-term investments. To investigate this matter, the main theoretical elements of a monetary economy of production are employed to aid in the understanding of the subject, especially the finance funding circuit, as proposed by Keynes, in contrast to the loanable funds conventional theory, which puts the prior savings argument as a crucial need to investment. The issues related to global capitalism under financial dominance, which identifies the importance of institutional investors in determining the large movements of capital, the exacerbation of the liquidity preference and the short-term behavior in secondary markets, are also considered. Pension funds market was observed to test the relevance of the assumption that financing of long-term investment in Brazil does not depend on the flow of prior savings, but on the wealth allocation strategy of economic agents operating in the domestic financial market / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Magister Legum - LLM / In recent times, South Africa (‘SA’) has seen many corporate failures due to poor corporate governance. It spans across Johannesburg Stock Exchange (‘JSE’) listed companies, State Owned Enterprises (’SOE’s’)1 as well as non-listed companies,2 ranging from business such as mutual banks and companies that specialise in agricultural products to companies who deal in furniture and household goods. The ramifications of such failures were felt across all corners of SA and beyond.3 Reflecting on the above failures, one will find a common thread of poor corporate governance having played a hand in their catastrophic downfall.4 One such corporate failure was that of Steinhoff International, the once darling stock of investors in SA and abroad.

The financial crisis in 2008 was a source for asset managers to find new, different assets to optimize their portfolios. During the last couple of years the pension funds have slowly started to further invest in alternative assets, such as real estate assets. Still, these investments in alternative assets only represent a small part of the total capital of the pension funds. This study examines the investment strategies that the Swedish National pension funds are using. The purpose is to find out why they don’t invest more in real estate. The Swedish National pension funds are regulated through Swedish law with investment rules that regulate the allocation of capital. However there is no specific investment rule regarding real estate investments. The other investment rules limits the Swedish National pension funds to invest more in real estate. Nevertheless the result of this study shows how the Swedish National pension funds are positive to increase investments in real estate. The conclusion of this study pinpoints that the Swedish National pension funds investment rules should be investigated and changed. Done correctly, this change could lead to more investment in real estate in the future by the Swedish National pension funds. / Finanskrisen 2008 gav upphov till fondförvaltare att hitta nya tillgångar att investera i för att optimera sina portföljer. Pensionsfonder har i och med detta långsamt börjat öka sina investeringar i alternativa tillgångar som till exempel fastigheter under de senaste åren. Fortfarande utgör dessa investeringar i fastigheter en liten procentandel av pensionsfondernas totala kapital. Denna studie undersöker investeringsstrategierna som de svenska allmänna pensionsfonderna använder sig av och syftet med studien är att ta reda på de bakomliggande faktorerna till varför de inte investerar mer i fastigheter. Eftersom AP-fonderna är statligt ägda har de placeringsregler som reglerar hur AP-fonderna ska allokera sitt kapital. Dock finns det ingen specifik regel gällande fastighetsinvesteringar men de andra reglerna medför att AP-fonderna inte kan investera så mycket i fastigheter. Resultatet från denna studie visar ändå tydligt att AP-fonderna ser positivt på ökad allokering i fastigheter. Slutsatsen med studien är att placeringsreglerna borde kollas över och att vissa av reglerna borde ändras då det skulle kunna leda att AP-fonderna i framtiden skulle kunna investera mer i fastigheter.

This study provides a view of the decision-making process of Dutch company pension funds. The success of this research was the exceptional granting of access to four cases. Lack of such access could very well be the reason why research of this nature has not been previously achieved. The financial health of pension funds, expressed by the coverage ratio, showed a decline in 2008. Research has shown that there is a relationship between decision-making processes and outcome. Were the processes appropriate to set up and maintain a sufficient coverage ratio? A tailor-made conceptual research model has been developed and used as an analysis aid to research the TO BE situation based on legal requirements and factional documents and the AS IS situation based on empirical data. The model made it feasible to shed light on the implementation of good pension fund governance principles and decision-making process, which is a contribution to the current gap in research. The research showed that there is a relationship between the implementation of pension fund governance principles and appropriate decision-making processes. It also showed that there is a relationship between an appropriate decision-making process and coverage ratio. Both conclusions are not statistically proven due to the lack of the statistical significance, but are qualitative analysed and confirmed in the conducted case studies. It is suggested to use the research model by supervisor or pension funds to establish the mismatch between the implementation of pension fund governance principles and decision-making processes to enhance the quality of decision-making processes and outcome.

Pension capital is the single largest block of capital in the global domain of finance and a transformative social force. However, the studies on pension fund capitalism have been geographically limited. Although vast pools of pension capital have been generated outside the Anglo-American institutional environments, we still have little knowledge on the social construction of pension fund capitalism outside that context. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical-methodological tools for studying the institutional differences in pension fund investments with habitual institutionalist theory at the level of organisation fields, and to apply these tools in an empirical case study that has theoretical relevance concerning the recent financialisation of European pension provision. The case study is focussed on the field of Finnish pension insurance companies that execute the nationally mandatory partly funded TyEL pension scheme. The case study includes a single case analysis at the organisation field level with embedded case analyses on the investment processes in two companies. The study is based on multiple sources of textual and interview data gathered and analysed with content analysis. It is argued that the institutional life of Finnish pension insurance company investments illustrates divergence from the Anglo-American pension fund capitalism and has reinforced elastic institutional solutions especially in domains of governance and regulation even under Europe-wide financialisation pressures. The Finnish case shows that there are alternative institutional solutions for various domains of pension fund capitalism, but the strong Europe-wide trends have all characterised recent institutional change in the TyEL field as well. It is concluded that although the European shift towards pension fund capitalism with the generation of increasingly independent portfolio investors with increasingly principle-based regulation and risk-based supervision has not necessarily implied strong institutional convergence, the European pension investors are likely to share a number of common questions in the future.