Os implantes de titânio estabeleceram-se, ao longo do tempo, como uma opção de tratamento com grande índice de sucesso. Entretanto, falhas são passíveis de ocorrer, devido à exposição de suas superfícies ao meio bucal, imediatamente ou até muito tempo passado de sua implantação. Estas superfícies de titânio podem se infectar por bactérias e seus produtos, de forma semelhante à que ocorre na superfície de raízes dentais. Tais contaminantes intensificam a resposta inflamatória, além de alterar a estrutura superficial do implante podendo dar origem às doenças peri-implantares, como a mucosite peri-implantar e a peri-implantite. Para o tratamento destas doenças, diversos métodos de descontaminação de superfícies de implantes têm sido propostos, incluindo o uso substâncias anti-sépticas, jatos abrasivos, ácidos, antibióticos e lasers. O objetivo foi avaliar comparativamente a capacidade de descontaminação do peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5 % (H2O2), do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (CLX) e do soro fisiológico (SF) já que, até o momento, nenhuma metodologia está estabelecida como padrão ouro para a limpeza superficial. Placa bacteriana foi colhida de sítios de doença periodontal crônica para contaminação de discos de titânio de superfícies lisas e rugosas. Posteriormente, os discos foram submersos em 10 mL das substâncias estudadas por 1 minuto, friccionados com swab e enxaguados em solução fisiológica. Discos controle (C) foram somente enxaguados em soro fisiológico. Desta forma resultaram os seguintes grupos de estudo, constituídos de 5 discos de cada tipo de superfície lisa (L) e rugosa (R): H2O2 R , CLXR, SFR, CR, H2O2L, CLXL , SFL e CL. A avaliação do potencial descontaminante das substâncias foi realizada através da quantificação do crescimento bacteriano pela contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFCs) após semeadura em Agar-brucella e incubação em jarra de CO2 a 37oC por 24 horas. Os resultados após descontaminação foram comparados através da análise de variância a dois critérios (ANOVA) e o nível de significância adotado para todos os testes foi de 5%. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: as bactérias da periodontite crônica têm capacidade de contaminar e aderir aos discos de titânio nos dois tipos de superfícies estudados; as superfícies lisas e rugosas não diferem entre si quanto aos procedimentos de contaminação e de descontaminação propostos; a clorexidina, o peróxido de hidrogênio e o soro fisiológico apresentaram-se eficientes na descontaminação das superfícies de titânio contaminadas in vitro; houve ligeira superioridade na descontaminação pelo tratamento com a clorexidina de ambas as superfícies de titânio avaliadas. / Actually, the titanium implants are a successful option of treatment in Dentistry. However, failures are possible to occur due to surface exposition to oral environment immediately or lately after its implantation. The titanium implants surfaces can be infected by bacteria and its products similarly to dental roots surfaces. The contaminants turn the inflammatory response tissues more intensive and them alter the surface structure of the implant and cause periimplant diseases like mucositis and peri-implantitis. Several methods of treatment for those diseases have been proposed in the literature, including antiseptics rinses, abrasives air powder, acids, antibiotics and lasers. The aim of this work was to comparatively evaluate the potential for decontamination of the hydrogen peroxide at 1,5% (H2O2), the 0,12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CLX) and the saline solution (SF) as cleaning methods, once until this moment there is not a gold standard method established for this purpose. Bacterial plaque harvested from sites of chronic periodontal disease was used to contaminate smooth and rough surfaces of titanium. Subsequently, decontamination procedures were realized by submerging the discs in 10 ml of the studied substances for 1 minute, cleaned by rubbing with swab and washed on saline solution. Control discs (C) were only washed in saline solution. The following test groups composed by 5 discs of each surface, smooth (L) and rough (R):, were then originated: H2O2 R , CLXR, SFR, CR, H2O2L, CLXL , SFL and CL. The decontaminant potential of studied substances was realized by counting the colony forming units after seeding in Agar-brucella, under anaerobiosis condition for 24 hours under 37oC. The data analysis was made by Variance Analysis (ANOVA) at 5% of significance level. The results lead to the following conclusions: the chronic periodontal biofilm adhesion was possible on smooth and rough titanium surfaces; the surface characteristic had no significant influence on contamination and decontamination method, independently of the substance used; clorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and saline solution were efficient on decontaminating both types of titanium surfaces in vitro with slightly superiority to clorhexidine.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-07-13T20:55:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Pronta 16.02.pdf: 18075639 bytes, checksum: c5589c2a5dcd413fa9da8f3cfffa4605 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T20:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Pronta 16.02.pdf: 18075639 bytes, checksum: c5589c2a5dcd413fa9da8f3cfffa4605 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation, we present Francisco de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888), the poet of the street, law school student, the "Para?ba", member of "Clube do Cupins", abolitionist, journalist, public prosecutor, born in the village of Arraial Sant'Anna Fair, today City of Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil. It is and was in his time, an influential personality in the cultural and political local scene. It is involved with the French literature, German, Brazilian, backlands, was singer of disallowance. Appropriated the poetry recited and heard in the square, made the genre a means to express their struggles and passions in the ideological field. Shared laughter, pain captive, dreams of freedom and justice, backcountry scenery the French fashion, scented by the winds of the alleys. Journalist engaged in social causes, though not recognized as such. He was founder and publicist of some journals of the city, true, rare and scattered. Salvador and Recife, at the time, were disseminators of his poetry. Enter a number and another of feirenses periodicals, the mid-nineteenth century, appeared the author of Cavatinas (1885). Through a combative voice, reflective, ironic, highlighted the injustice, the captives and political power. Our research will say that this is the third poet romantic generation. From theoretical studies of memory and identity, based on sources and periodic studies, visualizaremos the living role of the romantic poet of the Middle Street, the Street Sales Barbosa, the voice not heard in the square that echoes in the country today. So with the study we try to rescue the production of Feirense Francis de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888). The research is bibliographical and documentary. / Nesta disserta??o, apresentamos Francisco de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888), o poeta da rua, estudante do curso de Direito, o ?Para?ba?, membro do ?Clube do cupim?, abolicionista, jornalista, promotor p?blico, nascido na Vila Arraial de Sant?Anna da Feira, hoje Cidade de Feira de Santana, no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. ? e foi, no seu tempo, uma personalidade influente no cen?rio cultural e pol?tico local. Envolveu-se com a literatura francesa, alem?, brasileira, sertaneja, foi cantador de glosa. Apropriou-se da poesia declamada e ouvida na pra?a, fez do g?nero um meio de manifestar suas lutas e paix?es no campo ideol?gico. Compartilhou do riso, da dordo cativo, dos sonhos de liberdade e justi?a, do cen?rio sertanejo ? moda francesa, perfumados pelos ventos dos becos. Jornalista engajado nas causas sociais,embora n?o fosse reconhecido como tal. Foi fundador e publicista de alguns peri?dicos da cidade, bem verdade, raros e dispersos. Salvador e Recife, na ?poca, foram divulgadores de sua poesia. Entre um n?mero e outro, dos peri?dicos feirenses, de meados do s?culo XIX, aparecia o autor das Cavatinas(1885). Por meio de uma voz combativa, reflexiva, ir?nica, p?s em evid?ncia os injusti?ados, os cativos e o poder pol?tico. A nossa pesquisa vai afirmar que se trata de poeta da terceira gera??o rom?ntica. A partir de estudos de te?ricos da mem?ria e da identidade, com base em estudos de fontes e peri?dicos, visualizamos o papel vivo do poeta rom?ntico da Rua do Meio, na Rua Sales Barbosa, na voz n?o ouvida na pra?a que faz eco no pa?s da atualidade. Assim, com o estudo, buscamos resgatar o poeta e a produ??o do feirense Sales Barbosa (1862-1888). A pesquisa ? bibliogr?fica e documental.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T19:17:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraNeveseSilvaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1997379 bytes, checksum: a140d2e8e6c8624cca7c15598e2c166e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-12-15T19:17:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraNeveseSilvaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1997379 bytes, checksum: a140d2e8e6c8624cca7c15598e2c166e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T19:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraNeveseSilvaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1997379 bytes, checksum: a140d2e8e6c8624cca7c15598e2c166e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / This study aims to evaluate the perception of information about the Capes Portal Periodicos (Scientific Digital Library), regarding the potential contribution of different practices and tools of Collective Intelligence (ICol) that can contribute to open science in Brazil. For the theoretical foundation of this aim, a literature review of the concepts of collective intelligence and open science was done, as well as the other ideas related to these topics (crowdsourcing and wisdom of the crowds). In this way, were identified ICol's main practices, routines, tools and collective intelligence processes to verify their potential impact to the collaboration of researchers from Brazil and that could be applied to open science and the main trends on the subject. Based on the information found in the literature, it was sought to understand how it is possible to increase collaboration among Brazilian researchers through Capes Digital Library, with the purpose of suggesting improvements within the scope of the Portal. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to students, professors, and collaborators of postgraduate courses from selected universities to measure their perception of ICol practices identified in the current literature. From the analysis of the results, it is recommended to insert the following methods in the Capes Digital Library: discussion forums, scientific blogs, wikis, and altmetrics. Finally, to validate the results obtained, interviews were conducted with specialists who have the strategic responsibility in the management of postgraduate programs and the dissemination of science. It was found that the respondents agreed with the suggested practices, although they had some caveats regarding their application. The suggestion is to connect these universes through the interoperability between search systems, in other words, inserting links from referral sites in wikis/ academic discussion forums as well as scientific blogs, in order to provide users with relevant information that can be of their interest. In the case of alternative metrics, the idea is to insert directly into the portal interface and provide researchers with information that can help them to share scientific results through the indicators produced in real time on the web. / O objetivo deste estudo ?? avaliar a percep????o de usu??rios acerca do Portal de Peri??dicos da Capes, quanto ao potencial de contribui????o de diferentes pr??ticas e ferramentas de Intelig??ncia Coletiva (ICol) que podem contribuir com a ci??ncia aberta no Brasil. Para a fundamenta????o te??rica desse objetivo foi realizada revis??o de literatura dos conceitos de intelig??ncia coletiva e ci??ncia aberta, bem como dos demais conceitos correlatos a estes t??picos (crowdsourcing e sabedoria das multid??es). Dessa forma, foram identificadas as principais pr??ticas de ICol, rotinas, ferramentas, processos de intelig??ncia coletiva para verificar seu potencial de impacto ?? colabora????o de pesquisadores do Pa??s e as principais tend??ncias sobre o assunto. A partir das informa????es encontradas na literatura buscou-se compreender de que forma ?? poss??vel aumentar a colabora????o entre pesquisadores brasileiros por meio do Portal de Peri??dicos, com a finalidade de sugerir melhorias em seu ??mbito. Para tanto, foi aplicado question??rio para alunos, professores e colaboradores de cursos de p??s-gradua????o de universidades selecionadas a fim de mensurar sua percep????o a respeito das pr??ticas de ICol identificadas na literatura corrente. A partir da an??lise dos resultados, recomenda-se inserir no Portal de Periodicos da Capes as seguintes pr??ticas: f??runs de discuss??o, blogs cient??ficos, wikis e m??tricas alternativas. Por fim, a fim de validar os resultados obtidos foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores que possuem responsabilidade estrat??gica na gest??o de programas de p??s-gradua????o e/ou t??m responsabilidades institucionais na dissemina????o da ci??ncia brasileira. Verificou-se que os entrevistados concordam com as pr??ticas sugeridas, apesar de fazerem algumas ressalvas quanto ?? sua aplica????o. A sugest??o ?? conectar estes universos por meio da interoperabilidade entre os sistemas de busca, ou seja, inserir links de sites refer??ncias em wikis/ f??runs de discuss??o acad??micos, bem como blogs cient??ficos, de modo a prover os usu??rios de informa????es relevantes que podem ser do interesse dele. No caso das m??tricas alternativas, a ideia ?? inserir diretamente na interface do portal e oferecer aos pesquisadores informa????es que podem auxili??-los a acompanhar o compartilhamento de resultados cient??ficos, por meio dos indicadores produzidos em tempo real na web.

As doenças perimplantares (DPi) vêm sendo consideradas umas das maiores causas de perdas tardias de implantes dentários e nenhum dos tratamentos já propostos na literatura mostrou ser eficiente a ponto de se tornar a primeira escolha terapêutica. Considerando que a definição correta do tratamento depende invariavelmente do entendimento da etiopatogenia, ocorrências e diagnóstico das DPi, o objetivo da presente tese foi abordar as DPi através de uma ampla revisão dos seus conceitos e da apresentação de dados clínicos preliminares de três meses de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado comparando os resultados dos tratamentos cirúrgico (C) e não cirúrgico (NC) da perimplantite. Foram incluídos implantes apresentando um ou mais sítios com profundidade de sondagem perimplantar (PSi) ≥ 5mm, com presença de sangramento submucoso (SSi) e/ou supuração e apresentando perda óssea radiográfica (PO) ≥ 3mm. O tratamento não cirúrgico incluiu debridamento mecânico com curetas de teflon e irrigação com solução salina, assim como o tratamento cirúrgico, com acesso por retalho mucoperiostal. Não foram utilizadas técnicas ressectivas e nem implantoplastia. A amostra foi randomizada de maneira estratificada para o hábito de fumar e a presente análise, de 3 meses de acompanhamento após o tratamento, se refere à amostra de 22 indivíduos (29 implantes), sendo 12 (17 implantes) no grupo C e 10 (12 implantes) no NC. No início do estudo não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para variáveis demográficas e clínicas, exceto nas condições periodontais de índice de placa visível (IPV) (NC 22,3±14,08 / C 40,2±19,9) e sangramento a sondagem (NC 15,9±10,2 / C 31,8±15,9). Após três meses de tratamento, não houve desistências e, considerando o pior sítio do implante, os dois tratamentos reduziram significativamente as medidas de PSi (NC 5,8±0,27 para 4,3±0,55mm / C 5,9±0,29 para 5,0±0,28mm), os dois grupos apresentaram redução de SSi mas apenas no grupo C foi significativa, diminuindo de 100% para 53%. Não houve diferenças entre os níveis de perda de inserção clínica (PIi). Em uma análise multivariada para identificar os preditores de sucesso dos tratamentos, implantes com PSi basal > 6 mm apresentaram piores reduções de PSi, SSi e PIi, o histórico de periodontite dificultou a redução de PSi enquanto indivíduos com 5 ou mais implantes e reabilitados com próteses cimentadas apresentaram piores reduções de SSi. A taxa de sucesso dos tratamentos foi de 33% no grupo NC e 17% para o grupo C sem diferenças estatísticas. Conclui-se que ambos os tratamentos diminuíram sinais inflamatórios embora sem a demonstração de diferenças entre eles, e que preditores de risco ao sucesso do tratamento devem ser investigados. / Peri-implant diseases (PiD) have been considered the major causes of late loss of dental implants, and none of the proposed treatments in the literature demonstrated to be efficient to become the first therapeutic choice. Considering that the correct definition of treatment depends invariably on the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, occurrence and diagnosis of PiD, the aim of the present theses was to approach PiD through a 9oné99ono f its concepts and presenting preliminary clinical data of 3 months from a randomized controlled 9oné9 comparing surgical (ST) and non-surgical (NST) treatments of peri-implantitis. Implants presenting pocket depth (PD) ≥5mm and bleeding on probing (Bosshardt et al.) with radiographic bone loss ≥3 mm were included in the study. NST included mechanical debridement of the implant with Teflon curets and irrigation with saline solution, whereas ST included the debridement with mucoperiostal flap. Ressective surgery and implantoplasty were not applied. The sample was randomized by stratification according to smoking habit, and the present 3-months analysis after treatment referes to 22 individuals (29 implants), 12 (17 implants) in ST and 10 (12 implants) in the NST group. At basliene, no significant differences were observed between groups for demographic and clinical variables, except for periodontal conditions of teeth in regards to visible plaque (NST 22.3±14.08% and ST 40.2±19.9%) and BOP (NST 15.9±10.2% and ST 31.8±15.9%). After 3 months, there were no drop-outs and, considering the worst site of each implant, the two treatments reduced significantly mean PD (NST 5.8±0.27mm to 4.3±0.55mm and ST 5.9±0.29mm to 5.0±0.28mm. Both groups presented reduction in BOP, but only in the ST the reduction was significant, decreasing from 100% to 53%. There were no significant differences in clinical attachment loss after 3 months in the two groups. In a multivariable analysis to identify predictors of treatment success, implants with baseline PD >6mm presented lower reduction in PD over 3 months, as well as BOP and CAL. Previous history of periodontitis lead to higher PD and individuals with more then 5 implants and rehabilitated with bonded prosthesis had higher BOP over time. It can be concluded that both treatments reduced signs of inflammation although without significant differences between them, and baseline PD, number of implants, history of periodontitis and type of prosthetic fixation may be used as predictors of clinical outcomes of peri-implantitis treatment.

Introdução: Acretismo placentário é condição pouco frequente na qual há aderência anormal do tecido trofoblástico à parede uterina. É uma causa importante de hemorragia puerperal, associada a altas taxas de morbimortalidade maternofetal, grande necessidade de transfusão de hemoconcentrados. Os tratamentos propostos variam desde conduta conservadora até a histerectomia pós-parto, associada ou não a procedimentos endovasculares. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa descrever a técnica endovascular de balonamento temporário e embolização das artérias ilíacas internas durante o parto cesáreo, avaliar sua eficácia em reduzir o sangramento materno relacionado ao acretismo placentário, bem como relatar a segurança e o índice de complicações relacionadas ao tratamento endovascular. Materiais e métodos: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com diagnóstico pré-natal de acretismo placentário submetidas a tratamento endovascular de balonamento temporário e embolização das artérias ilíacas internas, seguido de histerectomia puerperal no nosso serviço, no período de janeiro de 2012 até novembro de 2016. Foram analisados dados relativos aos antecedentes gestacionais e cirúrgicos, achados de exames de imagem, achados histológicos, níveis de hemoglobina prévios, durante e após o parto, bem como volumes de hemoconcentrados administrados e taxa de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento endovascular. Resultados: Trinta e Siqueira FM 7 cinco pacientes foram submetidas ao manejo proposto durante o período estudado. Foi observado um volume médio de transfusão relacionado ao procedimento e perda sanguínea estimada de 540 ml e 1229 ml, respectivamente. Ocorreram complicações relacionadas ao procedimento endovascular em quatro pacientes, sendo um caso de necrose muscular glútea, um de lesão isquêmica cutânea superficial e dois casos de trombose arterial aguda de membros inferiores. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que o balonamento temporário e embolização das artérias ilíacas internas reduziu significativamente as necessidades transfusionais relacionadas ao parto nas pacientes com acretismo placentário, quando comparado com casos da literatura nos quais não foram realizadas intervenções endovasculares, com baixo índice de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. / Introduction: Placenta accreta (PA) is the infrequent condition in which there is abnormal adherence of the trophoblastic tissue to the uterine wall. It\'s considered a major cause of puerperal bleeding, associated with high maternal morbimortality and need for blood products transfusion. Proposed treatments range from conservative to postpartum hysterectomy, combined or not to endovascular techniques. Objectives: to describe the detailed endovascular technique of temporary balloon occlusion followed by embolization of the internal iliac arteries (IIA) during cesarean section, evaluate the ability in reducing birth-related blood loss in patients with diagnosed PA and to assess safety and complications related to the endovascular procedure. Materials and methods: retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with PA submitted to temporary balloting and embolization of the IAA followed by puerperal hysterectomy in our institution from January 2012 to November 2016. We recorded patient data such as gestational and surgical history, pre-natal radiological image findings, histopathological description, pre e postoperative hemoglobin levels and volume of blood products transfused in all patients. Follow up accounted for possible complications related to the procedure. Results: thirty-five patients were submitted to the approach during the study period. The median volume of packed red blood cells (RBC) and estimated blood loss were 540 ml and 1229 ml respectively. A total of 4 patients had complications attributed to the endovascular procedure - one case of Siqueira FM 9 deep glute tissue necrosis, one of superficial tissue necrosis and two cases of acute arterial thrombosis of the inferior limbs. Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that temporary ballooning and embolization of the IAA was able to significantly reduce birth-related blood loss and transfusion needs in patients with PA when compared to other literature series where no endovascular procedures were performed, with a low rate of procedure-related complications.

Fashion entrepreneurs with no formal fashion-related education or training are hereafter referred to by the acronym FEWFFET (fashion entrepreneurs without formal fashion-related education or training). Entrepreneurship provides a feasible means of employment in a country where national unemployment rates are alarmingly high. To succeed, entrepreneurs require business knowledge and skill to operate profitable and sustainable businesses. However, entrepreneurs who were previously disadvantaged often possess only low levels of education, limited qualifications and training. This applies to survivalist fashion entrepreneurs in the Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM) who produce various items of apparel and clothing. Over a third of these entrepreneurs are not formally educated in business management and may not possess the adequate knowledge to operate their fashion business successfully. The research aim was to investigate the uses and challenges pertaining to business skills amongst FEWFFET to determine their business skills training needs. The sample population included 105 black fashion entrepreneurs, operating micro, survivalist enterprises within peri-urban, resource-poor communities in the Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) of Sedibeng, Gauteng. A quantitative study using non-probability purposive sampling and snowball sampling was performed. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were conducted with respondents at fabric and haberdashery stores or within their home-business environments. The results indicated that respondents lacked business plan development skills and showed only moderate skills in finance and marketing. Respondents indicated business skills training needs for developing a business plan, conducting basic bookkeeping, determining correct product pricing, drafting quotations and invoices, developing a budget, conducting basic market research and advertising their products and services / National Research Foundation (NRF)

The prevalence of obesity is continually rising in developed countries like the United States. Based on the association between periodontitis and obesity and the relationship between periodontitis and peri-implantitis, it is important to understand the implications of obesity on peri-implant health. A potential relationship between obesity and peri-implant health has practical, biological and financial implications. The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between obesity as measured by the body fat indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percent (fat %)) and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. In addition, this study explored the correlations between the levels of these biomarkers in saliva versus their corresponding levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from the same subjects. Periodontal maintenance patients (N=73) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements (BMI, WC, and body fat %), intraoral assessment (full mouth plaque index, periodontal, and peri-implant comprehensive examinations) and unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the subjects. GCF and PISF were also collected. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-17α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), letpin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in saliva, GCF and PISF were analyzed using multiplex immunoassays. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the correlations of interest. Data from 63 subjects were included in the analysis. No statistically significant correlations were noted between any of the body fat indices and any of the biomarkers measured in saliva (p>0.05 in all instances). A significant positive correlation was noted between salivary and GCF levels of IL-1α (r=0.29, p=0.0232), IL-8 (r=0.29, p=0.0207) and between saliva and PISF levels of leptin (r=0.32, p=0.0284). The employed linear model also revealed the significant impact of tooth brushing frequency on the salivary levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α (p<0.05). Based on this cross-sectional study of 63 patients, I conclude that there was no statistically significant correlation noted between salivary inflammatory biomarkers and any of the obesity measures. However, the levels of key inflammatory markers in saliva strongly correlated with their corresponding levels in GCF/PISF. In addition, frequency of tooth brushing was also related to levels of certain biomarkers in GCF/PISF.

<p>The study explored the comparison of grade 8 to 10 urban and peri-urban learners&rsquo / contexts preferences in mathematical literacy. There is currently a strong emphasis on the use of contexts for school mathematics. This has been also the case for South Africa when grade 10 learners have to make a choice between mathematics and mathematical literacy as one of their compulsory subjects for grade 10. This study focused more on the use of mathematics in real life situations. Data was collected by using questionnaires developed as part of the Relevance of School Mathematics Education (ROSME) project. The questionnaire dealt with contexts preferred by grade 10 learners from urban and peri-urban areas. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques. The findings radicate that there were contexts highly preferred by learners from both urban and peri-urban areas / least preferred by learners from both areas, highly preferred by learners from periurban areas but not by learners from urban areas and least preferred by learners from urban areas but not by those from peri-urban areas and vice versa. It is recommended that contexts highly preferred by learners should be incorporated in the learning experiences of learners.</p>

The environmental sanitation situation in Kampala’s peri-urban areas was reviewed and investigated through field studies, structured interviews with personnel from key institutions and administration of questionnaires to households in a selected peri-urban settlement (Bwaise III Parish).  In this settlement, specific field and laboratory measurements were undertaken so as to create a better understanding of the environmental sanitation situation, anthropogenic pollution loads and their transport and impact (with a focus on Phosphorus) in Kampala’s Peri-urban areas in pursuit of interventions for improving the environmental sanitation and protecting the shallow groundwater resource there. The review revealed that the urban poor in Kampala, like elsewhere in developing countries, are faced with inadequate basic services caused by a combination of institutional, legal and socio-economic issues and that the communities’ coping strategies are in most cases detrimental to their health and well-being. Field surveys showed that excreta disposal systems, solid waste and greywater are major contributors to the widespread shallow groundwater contamination in the area. Field measurements revealed that the water table responds rapidly to short rains (48 h) due to the pervious (10-5-10-3 m/s) and shallow (&lt;1 mbgl) vadose zone, which consists of foreign material (due to reclamation). This anthropogenically influenced vadose zone has a limited contaminant attenuation capacity resulting in water quality deterioration following rains. The only operational spring in the area is fed by regional baseflow meaning a wider protection zone. The spring discharge exhibited microbial quality deterioration after rains primarily as a result of poor maintenance of the protection structure. Subsurface phosphorus (P) transport mechanisms appeared to be a combination of adsorption, precipitation, leaching from the soil media and through macropore flow with the latter two playing an important role in the wet season. The Langmuir isotherm described the phosphorus sorption data well (R2³ 0.95) and the best prediction of Langmuir sorption maximum (Cmax) had organic carbon, Ca and available phosphorus and soil pH as significant predictors. Loosely bound P (NH4Cl-P) was the least fraction (&lt;0.4% of total P) in all layers indicating a high binding capacity of P by the soils implying that the soils have a capacity to adsorb additional P loads. Simulation results from the preliminary numerical model built in this study based on field and laboratory measurements indicate that rainfall infiltration rates &gt; 7x10-3 mm/s drive shallow groundwater contamination with higher intense rains of relatively longer duration (³ 70 mm within 48 h) reducing phosphorus transport. Sensitivity analysis of the model input with respect to how long it takes to pollute the subsurfacehad the phosphorus sorption coefficients as being more influential than the pore size and air entry values. There are however, key contrasts between the model simulations and field observations which are useful in guiding new efforts in data collection. The study reveals that intervention measures to improve the environmental sanitation and protect the shallow groundwater in the peri-urban settlements are of a multidisciplinary nature necessitating action research with community participation. / QC 20100917

In the last decade there has been a substantial increase of new migrants into large cities in Việt Nam, changing the social, cultural, and political fabric of Hồ Chí Minh City. Rapid urbanization and land use changes in Hồ Chí Minh City have occurred alongside mass internal migration. The movement of people has become an important piece in the 1986 economic reforms of đổi mới and a main focus of Vietnamese public policy from the late 1990s until today. With the influx of new actors comes a new set of social interactions and negotiations between people in daily life that are embedded within a broader socio-economic framework. New liberal policies on internal migration have spurred great mass internal migration into cities which has several implications for not only the entire country, but specific to this research, for the social dynamics of how Bình Trị Ðông ward is managing the influx of migrants. Not only did this field research seek to explore the social relationships and integration among migrants living on the urban fringe but the issue of local governance and infrastructure provisions in the form of migrant housing is central to this research. In short, this thesis asks: what are the social experiences of migrants living in Bình Trị Ðông? What is the role of local government, if any, in managing the social and cultural changes among migrants? My research finds that migrants are each striving towards their own individual goals of economic gains, treating Bình Trị Ðông as a temporary living space, thus preventing a strong sense of community and social bonds from flourishing. Meanwhile, more equitable planning policies of prioritizing the needs of ordinary citizens over economic development signal a shift in local development policies. Yet the government’s shift towards greater participation has not necessarily changed the lived experiences of residents. Migrants here are oriented towards their own goals thus stunting interpersonal relationships and deepening social segregation, leading one to question what ties, if any, unite people in this neighborhood.