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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Prematuridade tardia com e sem restrição do crescimento fetal: resultados neonatais / Late-preterm birth with and without fetal growth restriction: neonatal outcomes

Cristiane Ortigosa 05 November 2008 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a morbidade e a mortalidade entre prematuros tardios (34 a 36 semanas e 6 dias de idade gestacional ao nascimento) com e sem restrição do crescimento fetal (RCF). O estudo foi desenvolvido longitudinalmente, envolvendo gestantes que apresentaram parto prematuro, sendo 50 com RCF (Grupo I) e 36, sem RCF (Grupo II), no período de outubro de 2004 a outubro de 2006. Foram avaliados os seguintes resultados pós-natais: peso e idade gestacional (IG) ao nascimento, cesárea, Apgar de quinto minuto, pH do sangue da artéria umbilical ao nascimento, necessidade e tempo de intubação orotraqueal (IOT) e de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTI). Foram também avaliados: síndrome do desconforto respiratório (SDR), sepse, plaquetopenia, hipoglicemia, hemorragia intracraniana (HIC), icterícia e necessidade de fototerapia, tempo de internação e ocorrência de óbito. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Qui-Quadrado, exato de Fisher e teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis, adotado nível de significância de 5%. As idades gestacionais avaliadas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, com média de 35,5 semanas. Observou-se, no grupo I, maior freqüência dos seguintes resultados pós-natais adversos: menor peso ao nascimento (p<0,001), maior incidência de cesárea (92% versus 25% do grupo II; p<0,0001), maior necessidade de internação em UTI (58% versus 33%; p=0,041), maior tempo de internação (p<0,001) e de internação em UTI neonatal (p<0,001), maior ocorrência de HIC (12% versus 0; p=0,037), maior ocorrência de hipoglicemia (p= 24% versus 6%; 0,047) e maior tempo de fototerapia (p=0,005). Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças nos índices de Apgar, pH de cordão, IOT, SDR, plaquetopenia, sepse e icterícia. Não houve casos de doença de membrana hialina, displasia broncopulmonar, hemorragia pulmonar ou óbito neonatal. Pode-se concluir que o grupo de prematuros tardios com RCF apresentou mais complicações neonatais do que o grupo sem RCF / The objective of this study was to compare neonatal morbidity and mortality between late-preterm infants (gestational age at birth: 34 to 36 weeks and 6 days) with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR). A longitudinal study was conducted between October 2004 and October 2006 involving 50 pregnant women with pre-term delivery associated with FGR (group I) and 36 women with spontaneous preterm delivery not associated with FGR (group II). The following postnatal outcomes were evaluated: weight and gestational age at birth, cesarean section rate, 5-minute Apgar score, umbilical artery pH at birth, and need for and duration of orotracheal intubation and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as well as the presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and jaundice, need for phototherapy, length of hospital stay, and occurrence of death. The chi-square test, Fishers exact test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Gestational age was similar in groups I and II, with a mean of 35.5 weeks in both groups. A higher frequency of the following adverse postnatal outcomes was observed in group I: lower birth weight (p<0.001), higher incidence of cesarean section (92% versus 25% in group II; p<0.0001), greater need for NICU treatment (58% versus 33%; p=0.041), longer hospital (p<0.001) and NICU stay (p<0.001), higher frequency of ICH (12% versus 0; p=0.037) and hypoglycemia (24% versus 6%; p=0.047), and longer duration of phototherapy (p=0.005). No differences in Apgar scores, cord pH, orotracheal intubation, RDS, thrombocytopenia, sepsis, or jaundice were observed between groups. There were no cases of hyaline membrane disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hemorrhage, or neonatal death. In conclusion, the group of late-preterm infants with FGR presented more neonatal complications than the group without FGR
12

Standaarde vir perinatale onderrig

Richter, Magdalena Sophia 05 September 2012 (has links)
D.Cur. / Quality control in perinatal education is imperative, with the purpose to deliver a high quality and appropriate healthcare service to the family in the peri natal period. The purpose of this study was to develop valid standards for perinatal education in South Africa. To reach this goal, the study proceeded as follows: Development phase -concepts were developed for perinatal education, -the concepts were logically systematised and formulated in concept standards, -the standards were presented for peer group review with the purpose of refinement and further development. Quantification phase: - the statistical validity of the standards was determined/calculated. After completion of the study the researcher reached the conclusion that quality perinatal education must adhere to the following standards: A philosophy for perinatal education must exist; The perinatal facilitator must be a well trained professional person, and must possess certain personal traits; The perinatal education style/method must adapt according to the client's socio-economic status, age, marital status and needs; The perinatal facilitator must make use of acknowledged teaching methods and techniques in order to facilitate learning; The perinatal education must comply with certain minimum requirements in order to make it accessible and acceptable to the client; The perinatal facilitator must complete a preparatory phase before she is allowed to give education; A perinatal education programme must have a curriculum that can be adapted to the client's circumstances; Perinatal education must be presented purposefully; The end result of perinatal education must focus on a healthy baby and a healthy, empowered mother, family and community.
13

Indução do trabalho de parto na America Latina : inquerito hospitalar / Induction of labor in Latin America : a hospital survey

Guerra, Glaucia Virginia de Queiroz Lins 12 May 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Guilherme Cecatti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:14:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guerra_GlauciaVirginiadeQueirozLins_D.pdf: 2929113 bytes, checksum: 54c7b830383d166f725dcf970e08b726 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da indução médica e eletiva do trabalho de parto, métodos utilizados, índice de sucesso, fatores associados e resultados maternos e perinatais em oito países da América Latina. Método: Foi realizada a análise referente à indução do trabalho de parto no banco de dados da Pesquisa "2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health", referente a oito países aleatoriamente selecionados da América Latina. Obtiveram-se os dados individuais de todas as mulheres que tiveram seus partos em 120 instituições, no período do estudo. Avaliaram-se as indicações de indução por país, a taxa de sucesso por método, os fatores associados à indução e os resultados maternos e perinatais comparativamente aos partos iniciados espontaneamente (primeira abordagem). Após foi feita uma análise independente da indução eletiva comparada com o início espontâneo do trabalho de parto entre gestações de baixo risco, para avaliar os fatores associados a essa prática e seus resultados maternos e perinatais (segunda abordagem). Foram estimados os odds ratios (OR) para os possíveis fatores associados à indução e as razões de risco (RR) para os resultados maternos e perinatais, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Posteriormente, foram aplicados os modelos de regressão logística múltipla para o ajuste dos riscos estimados. Resultados: Do total de 97.095 partos do inquérito, 11.077 (11,4%) foram induzidos. Os hospitais públicos foram responsáveis por 74,2% das induções. A ruptura prematura das membranas (25,3%) e a indução eletiva (28,9%) foram as indicações mais freqüentes. A taxa de sucesso de parto vaginal foi de 70.4%, com 69.9% para a ocitocina e 74.8% para o misoprostol, os principais métodos isoladamente utilizados. O risco de indução do parto foi maior em mulheres com mais de 35 anos, com companheiro, nulíparas, sem cesárea no parto anterior, com rotura de membranas, hipertensão arterial, baixa altura uterina, diabetes, anemia grave, com menor número de consultas de pré-natal, pós-datismo, apresentação cefálica e naquelas que deram a luz em hospitais do seguro social. As complicações maternas mais associadas com a indução do parto foram a necessidade de uterotônicos no período pós-parto, laceração perineal, histerectomia, admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, permanência hospitalar maior que 7 dias e maior necessidade de procedimentos analgésicos. Já os resultados perinatais desfavoráveis mais freqüentes foram Apgar menor que sete ao quinto minuto, ocorrência de muito baixo peso, admissão em UTI neonatal e início mais tardio da amamentação. Em relação à análise da indução eletiva entre gestantes de baixo risco, não foi encontrada diferença na taxa de cesariana e nos resultados perinatais, porém ocorreu maior necessidade do uso de uterotônico no pós-parto, risco cinco vezes maior de histerectomia pós-parto e maior necessidade de procedimentos de anestesia/analgesia. Conclusão: Na América Latina a taxa global de indução do trabalho de parto foi um pouco maior que 10%, enquanto a de indução eletiva entre gestantes de baixo risco foi de 4,9%. A taxa de sucesso para o parto vaginal foi elevada independentemente do método e da indicação da indução. Há, contudo, alguns riscos maternos e perinatais associados com essa prática, seja ela eletiva ou não / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of both medical and elective labor induction as well as employed methods, success rates, associated factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes in eight Latin American countries. Methods: it was performed an analysis on labor induction in the database of the "2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health" on deliveries occurring in eight randomly allocated Latin American countries. Data of all women who gave birth to children in the 120 included institutions during the period of the study were collected. The indications for labor induction according to the country, the success rate for each method, the factors associated with labor induction as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared with deliveries with spontaneous onset of labour (Approach 1). A second independent analysis on elective induction compared with spontaneous onset of labor in low-risk pregnancies was performed in order to evaluate factors associated with elective labor induction and also maternal and perinatal outcomes (Approach 2). The odds ratios (OR) for possible factors associated with labor induction and the risk ratios (RR) for maternal and perinatal outcomes, with respective confidence interval (95%CI) for all types of labor induction and for elective induction were estimated. Additionally, multiple logistic regressions were applied to adjust the estimated risks. Results: Among the total 97,095 deliveries included in the survey, 11,077 (11.4%) underwent labor induction. Public hospitals accounted for 74.2% of them. Premature rupture of membranes (25.3%) and elective induction (28.9%) were the most frequent indications. The success rate in obtaining vaginal delivery was 70.4%. Oxitocin and misoprostol - the most employed methods - had success rates of 69.9% and 74.8%, respectively. Labor induction occurred more frequently in women older than 35 years, with a partner, nulipara, without cesarean section in the last pregnancy, ruptured membranes, hypertension, low fundal height, diabetes, severe anemia, vaginal bleeding, few prenatal visits, post term, cephalic presentation and those who gave birth in social security hospitals. The most frequent maternal complications associated with labor induction were need for uterotonic agents in postpartum period, perineal laceration, need for hysterectomy, and admission to intensive care unit, length of hospital stay above seven days and increased need of anesthetic/analgesic procedures. The most frequent adverse perinatal outcomes were low 5-minute Apgar score, very low birth-weight, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Concerning elective induction in low-risk pregnancies there was no difference in cesarean section rate or perinatal outcome. However, there were increased needs for uterotonic agents in the postpartum period and for analgesic/anesthetic procedures, and a further than fivefold risk for postpartum hysterectomy. Conclusions: In Latin America, the overall labor induction rate was slightly more than 10%, while for elective indication among low risk pregnancies it was 4.9%. The vaginal delivery rate was high irrespective of the method or indication. However, there are some maternal and perinatal risks associated with this intervention, in spite of medically or electively indicated. / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia
14

Přístupy zdravotnických pracovníků k etickým aspektům léčby extrémně nezralých novorozenců / Approaches of healthcare professionals toward the ethical aspects of extremely preterm infants' treatment

Šimečková, Barbora January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the attitudes of neonatologists and nurses to the ethical aspects of the treatment of extremely immature infants. The aim was to capture and interpret the attitudes of health professionals to the ethical issues of intensive neonatal care and their role in the decision-making process. The data were gathered through qualitative methodology using semi-structured and informal interviews with five neonatologists and five nurses. Data analysis was performed using open coding and data categorization. The results of the research are presented in individual categorical units by interpreting and retelling the received information. In conclusion, the attitudes of health professionals to selected ethical problems and the roles of individual members of the multidisciplinary team in decision-making about treatment procedures are discussed separately. The evaluation of results leads to the formulated recommendations for practice, which include several proposed solutions to the interpersonal problems associated with ethical issues of care for immature infants. Key words: immature infant, medical ethics, ethical decision making, perinatology, nursing, qualitative approach, interviews
15

The development of a user-friendly support programme for adolescents living with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Mabasa, Rirhandzu Austice January 2022 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Health)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / There has a significant rise in the number of HIV-infected adolescents who were missed as children and are diagnosed with perinatally acquired HIV as teenagers. In 2013, perinatally acquired HIV was estimated at around 10 000 infections globally, a figure which ballooned to38 000 by 2017. Adolescents living with perinatal HIV experience emotional upheaval as a result of their positive HIV diagnosis, which is exacerbated by real or perceived negative effects on their relationships, career, and family aspirations. They face the same challenges as other adolescents, along with the added complexity of personal decisions relating to their sexual conduct having a direct impact on the global cause to eradicate HIV/AIDS. An extensive body of literature indicates a need for emotional and psychosocial support as existing management focuses mainly on the physical aspects of infection and treatment. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore the challenges faced by adolescents living with perinatal HIV infection and to evaluate the designed user-friendly support programme in response to formative findings of the research in selected clinics and community health centres in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. Methodology A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was employed to fulfil the purpose of the study. Data was collected in two phases. In qualitative phase- a total of 21 participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The sample was purposefully selected from adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. In quantitative phase a total of 213 people participated in data collection using a questionnaire. Thematic approach was used to analyse qualitative data using Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to explain and summarize data. Fischer’s test was done to establish significance of association between alcohol used, condom use and between age and gender. The results The results revealed that adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV face more challenges. They had psychosocial, emotional and economic challenges more than their peers. The current HIV/AIDS management and care has not yet recognised the specific needs these adolescents have related to their care. They have been incorporated into the general adulthood HIV/AIDS making their transition from childhood adolescence difficult. Suggestions for a mentor, and ARV modification were made and a need for a support programme emerged as one of the major themes
16

Capacitação de profissionais da saúde no componente peri-neonatal da atenção integrada às doenças prevalentes na infância: conhecimento e percepção de mudança na prática clínica em região Amazônica / Training of health professionals in the peri-neonatal component of the integrated management of childhood illness: knowledge and perception of change in clinical practice in the Amazon region

Cavalcante, Rejane Silva [UNIFESP] 30 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Introdução: Apesar de relatos sobre a Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância (AIDPI) melhorar a assistência à saúde da criança até cinco anos, não são identificados estudos direcionados ao componente peri-neonatal dessa estratégia. Objetivo: avaliar, após a capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal, o conhecimento e a percepção de médicos e enfermeiros quanto à assistência à gestante e à criança do nascimento até os dois meses de vida, e sua aplicabilidade prática em uma região da Amazônia. Método: estudo de coorte constituída de 31 médicos e 61 enfermeiros provenientes de 24 municípios, que participaram de sete capacitações em seis Pólos Regionais de Saúde no interior do Pará, Amazônia, realizado de abr/2006 a dez/2008. O estudo foi conduzido em duas fases, consistindo a 1ª fase na aplicação presencial de cinco questionários antes (T1) e imediatamente após 24 horas (T2) de capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal, conforme diretrizes da OPAS em 2007, adaptadas ao nosso meio. A 2ª fase compreendeu a aplicação presencial dos mesmos questionários aos 92 profissionais, em média 16 (14-20) meses após a 1ª fase (T3). Os questionários abordaram dados demográficos dos profissionais em T1, o conhecimento sobre assistência à gestante, reanimação neonatal, puericultura e doenças até dois meses em T1, T2 e T3, além da avaliação da capacitação em T2 e da percepção das condições de assistência no município e no local de prática clínica em T1 e T3. Para estimar as diferenças entre os tempos e as categorias profissionais foram criados escores de zero (inadequação completa) a 100 (adequaçãocompleta) comparados por meio da análise de variância com medidas repetidas. Resultados: os 92 profissionais caracterizaram-se por ser do sexo feminino (83%), nascidos (74%) e graduados (79%) no Pará, atender crianças duas ou mais vezes por semana (86%) e possuir pós-graduação (63%). Os médicos eram graduados há 17 (1-35) anos e os enfermeiros há nove (0-31) anos (p<0,001). Os primeiros relataram maior atuação em pediatria, e qualificação específica, com residência ou especialização, do que os últimos. Observou-se variação do conhecimento de acordo com o tempo (T1, T2 e T3) e a profissão (médicos>enfermeiros: p<0,001). Entre T1 e T2 constatou-se acréscimo deconhecimento dos profissionais sobre a assistência à gestante (p=0,026), reanimação neonatal (p<0,001), puericultura (p<0,001) e doenças até dois meses (p<0,01). Tal conhecimento perdurou, no mínimo, após 16 meses da capacitação nas áreas de reanimação neonatal (p=0,028) e doenças até dois meses (p<0,001). A capacitação teve avaliação positiva dos profissionais (94%) que perceberam melhora na prática clínica no seu local de trabalho (p<0,001), porém sem relato de alteração nas condições de saúde do município (p=0,066) entre T1 e T3. Conclusão: os médicos e enfermeiros apresentaram acréscimo, no mínimo por 16 meses, no conhecimento sobre a assistência à gestante e à criança até dois meses, além de perceberem melhora em sua condição de prática clínica após a capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal. Essa capacitação pode servir de modelo a ser aplicado em outras regiões com semelhante contexto epidemiológico / Objective: to assess knowledge and perception of professionals about care of pregnant women and children to two months of life, after training in Neonatal Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), and its practical applicability in the Amazon Region. Method: a cohort study comprising 92 professionals who participated in seven Neonatal IMCI training courses in Para, from April/2006 to December/2008. Five questionnaires were applied face-to-face before (T1) and 24h (T2) after training in Neonatal IMCI (PAHO, 2007), and 16 (14-20) months after training (T3). Scores ranging from zero (complete inappropriateness) to 100 (complete appropriateness) were compared by ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: Time since graduation was 17y (1-35) for physicians and 9y (0-31) for nurses (p<0.001). Variation of knowledge was observed according to time and profession (physicians>nurses: p<0.001). Between T1 and T2, enhanced knowledge was verified in care of pregnant women (p=0.026), neonatal resuscitation (p<0.001), neonatal and infant care (p<0.001) and diseases up to two months (p<0.01). Such knowledge was observed at least for 16 months in neonatal resuscitation (p=0.028) and diseases up to two months (p<0.001). The capacity-building was positively evaluated by professionals (94%), who perceived improvement in clinical practice (p<0.001), without report of change in health conditions of the city (p=0.066) between T1 and T3. Conclusion: Training in Neonatal IMCI enhanced knowledge about care of pregnant women and infants up to two months, in addition to acknowledging better clinical practice for physicians and nurses. This training can be a model to be applied in other regions with similar epidemiological context. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
17

Mensuração da pressão de dióxido de carbono arterial e expirado em lactentes e crianças sob ventilação mecânica invasiva

Rasera, Carmen Caroline 10 March 2010 (has links)
Capes / Nos pacientes neonatais e pediátricos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, a monitorização do dióxido de carbono tem grande importância clínica durante a ventilação mecânica invasiva no ajuste dos parâmetros ventilatórios e na detecção de complicações relacionadas à ventilação. O objetivo principal deste estudo é investigar a correlação e o nível de concordância entre a pressão final de dióxido de carbono exalado (PetCO2) e a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono arterial (PaCO2) em pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, verificando a relação entre ambos os métodos em dois grupos de acordo com a temperatura corporal e as complicações pulmonares associadas. No total, 74 pacientes participaram do grupo 1, com 110 mensurações de PetCO2, PaCO2 medida a 37 °C e corrigida pela temperatura real do paciente. Para toda a amostra, a correlação foi mais significativa com a PaCO2 corrigida (r = 0,92) do que com a medida (r = 0,78), durante todo o período do estudo. A diferença média entre PaCO2 medida e PetCO2 foi 4,42 mmHg e aumentou significativamente durante a instabilidade térmica, enquanto para PaCO2 corrigida a diferença média foi de 1,12 mmHg e permaneceu baixa mesmo durante hipo ou hipertermia. Os resultados obtidos para os 246 pares de PetCO2 e PaCO2 analisados em 42 pacientes ventilados de acordo com o grupo 2, mostraram que os dois métodos foram altamente correlacionados (r = 0,94) e manteve-se elevado mesmo em pacientes com complicações respiratórias. A diferença média entre as mensurações de ambos os métodos foi de -0,71 mmHg e os valores de PetCO2 estavam dentro de 2 mmHg da correspondente PaCO2 em 80,49% das mensurações, indicando uma forte relação. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que a PetCO2 mensurada pelo capnômetro é tão precisa quanto a PaCO2 mensurada pela gasometria arterial, assim a capnometria pode ser considerada um método de monitorização indireta e não invasiva da PaCO2 em pacientes de terapia intensiva submetidos à ventilação mecânica. / In neonates and pediatrics patients in intensive care units, monitoring of carbon dioxide has great clinical significance during the invasive mechanical ventilation in the adjustment of ventilatory parameters and detection of complications related to ventilation. The objective of this research is to investigate the correlation and level of agreement between end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) and the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, verifying the relationship between both methods in two groups according to body temperature and pulmonary complications. Altogether 74 patients were arranged in the group 1 with 110 measurements of PetCO2, PaCO2 measured at 37 ºC and corrected to the real body temperature of the patient. For the whole sample, the correlation was statistically more significant with corrected PaCO2 (r = 0.92) than with the measured (r = 0.78), throughout the study period. The mean difference between measured PaCO2 and PetCO2 was 4.42 mmHg and increased significantly during body temperature instability, while for corrected PaCO2 the mean difference was 1.12 mmHg and remained low even during hypo or hyperthermia. The results for 246 PetCO2 and PaCO2 pairs analyzed in 42 patients ventilated according to group 2, proved that both methods were highly correlated (r = 0.94) and kept elevated even in patients with respiratory complications. The mean difference between the measurements of both methods was -0.71 mmHg and the values of PetCO2 were within 2 mmHg of PaCO2 in 80.49% of the measurements, indicating a high relationship. The results of this study demonstrate that PetCO2 measured by capnometer is as accurate as PaCO2 measured by arterial blood gases, thus the capnometry can be considered an indirect and noninvasive monitoring method of PaCO2 in patients of intensive therapy under mechanical ventilation.
18

Mensuração da pressão de dióxido de carbono arterial e expirado em lactentes e crianças sob ventilação mecânica invasiva

Rasera, Carmen Caroline 10 March 2010 (has links)
Capes / Nos pacientes neonatais e pediátricos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, a monitorização do dióxido de carbono tem grande importância clínica durante a ventilação mecânica invasiva no ajuste dos parâmetros ventilatórios e na detecção de complicações relacionadas à ventilação. O objetivo principal deste estudo é investigar a correlação e o nível de concordância entre a pressão final de dióxido de carbono exalado (PetCO2) e a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono arterial (PaCO2) em pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, verificando a relação entre ambos os métodos em dois grupos de acordo com a temperatura corporal e as complicações pulmonares associadas. No total, 74 pacientes participaram do grupo 1, com 110 mensurações de PetCO2, PaCO2 medida a 37 °C e corrigida pela temperatura real do paciente. Para toda a amostra, a correlação foi mais significativa com a PaCO2 corrigida (r = 0,92) do que com a medida (r = 0,78), durante todo o período do estudo. A diferença média entre PaCO2 medida e PetCO2 foi 4,42 mmHg e aumentou significativamente durante a instabilidade térmica, enquanto para PaCO2 corrigida a diferença média foi de 1,12 mmHg e permaneceu baixa mesmo durante hipo ou hipertermia. Os resultados obtidos para os 246 pares de PetCO2 e PaCO2 analisados em 42 pacientes ventilados de acordo com o grupo 2, mostraram que os dois métodos foram altamente correlacionados (r = 0,94) e manteve-se elevado mesmo em pacientes com complicações respiratórias. A diferença média entre as mensurações de ambos os métodos foi de -0,71 mmHg e os valores de PetCO2 estavam dentro de 2 mmHg da correspondente PaCO2 em 80,49% das mensurações, indicando uma forte relação. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que a PetCO2 mensurada pelo capnômetro é tão precisa quanto a PaCO2 mensurada pela gasometria arterial, assim a capnometria pode ser considerada um método de monitorização indireta e não invasiva da PaCO2 em pacientes de terapia intensiva submetidos à ventilação mecânica. / In neonates and pediatrics patients in intensive care units, monitoring of carbon dioxide has great clinical significance during the invasive mechanical ventilation in the adjustment of ventilatory parameters and detection of complications related to ventilation. The objective of this research is to investigate the correlation and level of agreement between end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) and the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, verifying the relationship between both methods in two groups according to body temperature and pulmonary complications. Altogether 74 patients were arranged in the group 1 with 110 measurements of PetCO2, PaCO2 measured at 37 ºC and corrected to the real body temperature of the patient. For the whole sample, the correlation was statistically more significant with corrected PaCO2 (r = 0.92) than with the measured (r = 0.78), throughout the study period. The mean difference between measured PaCO2 and PetCO2 was 4.42 mmHg and increased significantly during body temperature instability, while for corrected PaCO2 the mean difference was 1.12 mmHg and remained low even during hypo or hyperthermia. The results for 246 PetCO2 and PaCO2 pairs analyzed in 42 patients ventilated according to group 2, proved that both methods were highly correlated (r = 0.94) and kept elevated even in patients with respiratory complications. The mean difference between the measurements of both methods was -0.71 mmHg and the values of PetCO2 were within 2 mmHg of PaCO2 in 80.49% of the measurements, indicating a high relationship. The results of this study demonstrate that PetCO2 measured by capnometer is as accurate as PaCO2 measured by arterial blood gases, thus the capnometry can be considered an indirect and noninvasive monitoring method of PaCO2 in patients of intensive therapy under mechanical ventilation.
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Podstata a význam klinické pastorační péče v perinatologických centrech (se zaměřením na rodinu) a možnosti následné pastorační péče / The nature and importance of clinical pastoral care in perinatal centres (with an emphasis on family support) and the possibility of subsequent pastoral care

HRACHOVCOVÁ, Hana January 2018 (has links)
The thesis deals with the essence and importance of clinical pastoral care in perinatal centers (focusing on the family) and the possibilities of subsequent pastoral care. This problematics opens up brief descriptions of the family and the treatise on the pregnancy and the child. The following is an introduction by field of perinatology and outline of care in the perinatal centers (with a preferential view of the risk department and pathological pregnancy, the obstetrical hall, neonatological JIRP and the puerperology department). The selected are risk and pathological conditions in the perinatology are mentioned , as well as the specific conflicting situations in perinatology . The following outline is problematics at the beginning of an individual human life, which goes into another very controversial question, touching the human right to a (healthy) child and a look at ethical reproduction problems. Furthermore, the work is already focused on the definition of the essence and importance of clinical pastoral care in the perinatal centers and in the area of possibilities of subsequent pastoral care. The chapter on human freedom and its responsibility for decisions is closed by the topic.

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