Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MelinaSSR_DISSERT.pdf: 766520 bytes, checksum: 94ba69fb0fb57c7457d4913d723795f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Abortion is a very controversial and stigmatized subject, target of many criticism and discussions, mainly regarding to the legal, bioethical and religious aspects involved. In Brazil, abortion is considered a serious public health problem, being the major cause of maternal death due to its criminalization. The woman who causes an abortion is not up looked by society, since motherhood, culturally and historically, was imposed as a destination. Our main goal is to understand, from the existential-phenomenological perspective, the unique experience of the woman who induced the abortion This study is an offshoot of a larger study from USP in partnership with UFRN. Our participants were women who checked in on a maternity hospital in Natal with a miscarriage diagnosis and, among them, those who reported having induced abortion. Altogether, five women were interviewed. The used method was a phenomenological hermeneutics. The research revealed that the experience of abortion is a possibility that permeates women s life, being understood as a choice. This choice pervaded by much suffering, once it goes against everything that women are culturally taught and meant to be. The feeling more surfacing in this experiment, confirming the literature review, was blame. Abortion was also shown as an experience of helplessness and loneliness, due to lack of support from family and the partner. It was also revealed that abortion was made, mainly, by the desire of going along with future projects, including the prosecute of motherhood in the therms of what they consider ideal to a son s arrival, meaning, a family formation grounded on a stable relationship. Regarding the care provided by health professionals to these women, there is the need of restructuring the operating logic of SUS, so that women have the right to health in a integrate manner. This experience also made women reconsider the meanings they had towards abortion, and their life projects / O aborto provocado ? um tema bastante pol?mico e estigmatizado, sendo alvo de muitas cr?ticas e discuss?es, principalmente no que se refere aos aspectos legais, bio?ticos e religiosos envolvidos. No Brasil, o aborto ? considerado um grave problema de sa?de p?blica, sendo um dos maiores causadores de morte materna devido ? sua criminaliza??o. A mulher que provoca um aborto n?o ? bem vista pela sociedade, uma vez que a maternidade, cultural e historicamente, lhe foi imposta como destino. O nosso principal objetivo ? compreender, a partir da perspectiva fenomenol?gico-existencial, a experi?ncia singular dessa mulher que provocou o aborto. O presente estudo ? um desdobramento de uma pesquisa mais ampla da USP em parceria com a UFRN. As nossas participantes foram mulheres que deram entrada em uma maternidade da cidade de Natal com diagn?stico de abortamento e, dentre estas, as que relataram ter provocado o aborto. Ao todo, cinco mulheres foram entrevistadas. O m?todo utilizado foi a hermen?utica fenomenol?gica. A pesquisa revelou que a experi?ncia do aborto ? uma possibilidade que permeia a exist?ncia da mulher, sendo compreendido como uma escolha. Escolha essa perpassada por muito sofrimento, na medida em que a mulher se posiciona contra tudo o que lhe foi ensinado e destinado culturalmente. O sentimento que mais vem ? tona nessa experi?ncia, confirmando a revis?o de literatura, ? a culpa. O aborto tamb?m se mostrou como uma experi?ncia de desamparo e solid?o, devido ? falta de apoio da fam?lia e do parceiro. Tamb?m foi revelado que o aborto se deu, em grande parte, pelo desejo de dar continuidade aos projetos futuros, inclusive o exerc?cio da maternidade dentro do que consideram ideal para a chegada de um filho, isto ?, a constitui??o de uma fam?lia alicer?ada num relacionamento est?vel. No que refere ao atendimento prestado pelos profissionais de sa?de a essas mulheres, revela-se a necessidade de uma reestrutura??o da l?gica de funcionamento do SUS para que estas tenham direito a sa?de de forma integral. Essa experi?ncia tamb?m fez as mulheres reverem os significados que tinham em rela??o ao aborto, bem como os seus projetos de vida

Background: The common staff approach in psychiatric care has not been studied explicitly before. Earlier studies in related areas of social processes in psychiatric care highlight the importance of the interaction between the patient and the carer to understanding communication patterns and attitudes. Other studies on social order and power in psychiatric care shows carers and patients as taking part in a hierarchical system in which patients are subordinate to carers. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to study the phenomenon of the common staff approach in psychiatric care, how it emerges, and how it is used and experienced by both carers and patients. Method: In the first study, grounded theory was applied to data from observations and interviews carried out with carers and clients in two psychiatric care group dwellings. In the second and third studies, a phenomenological hermeneutic method was used to analyse narrative interviews conducted with nine careers working on psychiatric wards and nine patients with experience of psychiatric in-care, respectively. In the fourth study, qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data obtained by a vignette method from interviews with 13 carers with experience of working in psychiatric in-care. Results: A common staff approach can be understood as a social process in municipality-level group dwellings and psychiatric in-care, imposed by carers on clients or patients with the aim of restoring a predetermined order desired by the carers. When the order is disturbed the carers try to restore it by adopting a common and consistent approach towards the single patient perceived as the threat to order. Barriers to the success of a common staff approach, from the point of view of the carers, include the likelihood that colleagues will interpret situations differently, the chance that patients might succeed in dividing carers into “good” and “bad” camps, and the knowledge that the patient suffers under a common staff approach. The patients’ experiences partly confirm those of the carers – the dominant picture is that the patient feels persecuted and suffers under a common staff approach. However in some situations, patients can perceived the common approach as supportive and aimed to promote their recovery. Carers’ ethical reasoning about the common staff approach is usually applied on an individual basis; it can change depending upon the patient, the situation, and the proposed approach, as well as upon how the approach might affect other patients, staff members, or the carers themselves. Conclusions: The overall results from the four studies show that the common staff approach may meet carers’ needs, which under the approach take precedence over those of patients, but that the approach is more an exercise in asserting power and maintaining control than it is a therapeutic technique; that it is a difficult choice for the single carer to choose between the interests of the patient and the approval of colleagues; that the patient often suffers when a common staff approach is used; and that carers are seldom aware of the suffering experienced by the patient being managed by such an approach. A common staff approach has no part in a care-strategy; it is not an intentional care-plan; instead it appears to be a way for carers who feel vulnerable and under pressure to maintain order by controlling particular patients.

The primary objective of this research was to determine if a specific set of reflective practices enhance university undergraduate students’ abilities to: 1) reflect on their thinking processes to become more aware of their own intellectual habits and how they form; 2) inquire with open-minded curiosity, including suspension of assumptions long enough for them to be challenged; and 3) generate justifiable, contextual understandings and judgments, individually and in collaboration. “Reflective practices” refers to a specific set of reflective learning activities introduced to undergraduates in two courses: mindfulness practice extended into journal writing, listening, inquiry and dialogue. The purpose of the reflective practices in this research was to support independent, critical thinking: well-reasoned, evaluative judgments based on evidence, contextual understanding, and respect for others. Students were instructed in both individual, introspective activity as well as in paired and group interaction while preserving a degree of mindfulness. Indicators of the dispositions for critical thinking were developed using grounded theory methods to study students’ experiences, as well as those dispositions previously identified in the research literature. Qualitative results showed increased self-confidence, engagement with multiple points of view, and an unexpected sense of connectedness that was stronger between students who disagreed with each other than between students who found easy agreement in their interaction. Quantitative results showed statistically significant gains in the average number of indicators of critical thinking dispositions appearing in student journals comparing week 1 to week 11. There was also positive correlation between final essay exam scores graded for critical thinking skills and the total number of indicators found in students’ journals. / This thesis presents primary research on the impacts of mindfulness applied to introspective and interactive learning activities in undergraduate university courses.

Objective The present study aimed to explore women's perceptions and experiences of childbirth by unplanned Caesarean section. Background New motherhood is characterised as a profound change, and research suggests that the psychological effects of childbirth can be significant and far–reaching for some women. The processes occurring during a traumatic birth experience could affect a woman's emotional and psychological state, and she may experience considerable adjustment difficulties in adapting to unfulfilled expectations of delivering her baby naturally. Methods In–depth interviews explored 10 women's lived experiences of childbirth, after which thematic content analysis was used to synthesise data. The elements of phenomenological theory served as a broad framework for the structuring, organizing and categorizing of data, with interpretation aimed at gaining a greater understanding of women's internalised childbirth accounts. Findings Women described their contact with medical personnel, as well as the physical, environmental, and emotional aspects of their unplanned Caesarean sections, as distressing and traumatic. A sense of loss of control was the most significant contributor to women's negative childbirth experiences. Feelings of failure and disappointment were primarily related to unmet expectations and a lack of preparedness. Negative experiences were mediated by attentive caregiving, inclusion in decision–making, and support from loved ones. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Alkoholmisbruik is tans n sosiale kwessie in Suid–Afrika, asook in die res van die wêreld. Die kind in sy middelkinderjare lewensfase se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin kom in verskillende ontwikkelingsterreine na vore, in sy daaglikse interaksie met sy gesin asook in sy wyer skakeling . Alhoewel hy homself gedurende hierdie fase in n losmakingsproses om onafhanklikheid bevind, bly sy gesin steeds vir hom n bron van sekuriteit, hulp en ondersteuning. Vir die navorsingsmetodologie is die proses in tabelformaat weergegee met behulp van n onderverdeling in vier fases. Tydens die eerste fase, die aanvanklike beplanning en probleem–formulering, het hoofsaaklik drie aspekte aandag geniet, naamlik die navorsingsonderwerp, probleem–formulering en die doel met die nodige doelwitte. Die doel van die kwalitatiewe studie wat vanuit die probleem–formulering voortgespruit het, was om plattelandse kinders in die middelkinderjare se belewenis van alkoholmisbruik in hul gesinne waarvan hul deel vorm, te beskryf. Tydens die formele beplanning in die tweede fase is die inligting deur middel van triangulering ingesamel en is op die navorsingsbenadering en –strategieë gefokus. Vanuit verskillende bronne is inligting verken om die plattelandse kind in die middelkinderjare lewensfase wat deel vorm van die alkoholmisbruik–gesin se belewenisse, te beskryf. n Literatuurstudie het die samestelling en uiteensetting moontlik gemaak vir n profielstudie vanuit n paradigmatiese perspektief van die kind. In die derde fase is aandag gegee aan die empiriese ondersoek waartydens triangulering praktykgerig voortgesit is met behulp van sinsvoltooing met vyf kinderrespondente, voltooiing van n selfontwerpte vraelys wat opgevolg is met semi–gestruktureerde onderhoude met vyf ouers en vyf onderwysers. Gedurende die vierde fase het die interpretering en integrering van die bevindinge gerealiseer. Die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is veral geleë in die leemte op nasionale vlak en op die platteland ten opsigte van spesifiek die kind se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin asook sy omgewing. Dit het ook duidelik geword dat daar aandag gegee moet word aan alkoholmisbruik as verskynsel en die alkoholmisbruikte–huweliksverhouding en dat onkunde bestaan ten opsigte van ouerskap en die belewenis van die kind as betrokkene by sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin. Om hierdie redes word aanbeveel dat daar gefokus moet word op die kind se proses, maar ook dat ouers, onderwysers en maatskaplike werkers wat deel vorm van die ondersteuningsnetwerk vir hierdie kinders, die nodige kennis en insig deur middel van opleidingsprogramme behoort te ontvang. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Objective The present study aimed to explore women's perceptions and experiences of childbirth by unplanned Caesarean section. Background New motherhood is characterised as a profound change, and research suggests that the psychological effects of childbirth can be significant and far–reaching for some women. The processes occurring during a traumatic birth experience could affect a woman's emotional and psychological state, and she may experience considerable adjustment difficulties in adapting to unfulfilled expectations of delivering her baby naturally. Methods In–depth interviews explored 10 women's lived experiences of childbirth, after which thematic content analysis was used to synthesise data. The elements of phenomenological theory served as a broad framework for the structuring, organizing and categorizing of data, with interpretation aimed at gaining a greater understanding of women's internalised childbirth accounts. Findings Women described their contact with medical personnel, as well as the physical, environmental, and emotional aspects of their unplanned Caesarean sections, as distressing and traumatic. A sense of loss of control was the most significant contributor to women's negative childbirth experiences. Feelings of failure and disappointment were primarily related to unmet expectations and a lack of preparedness. Negative experiences were mediated by attentive caregiving, inclusion in decision–making, and support from loved ones. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Alkoholmisbruik is tans n sosiale kwessie in Suid–Afrika, asook in die res van die wêreld. Die kind in sy middelkinderjare lewensfase se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin kom in verskillende ontwikkelingsterreine na vore, in sy daaglikse interaksie met sy gesin asook in sy wyer skakeling . Alhoewel hy homself gedurende hierdie fase in n losmakingsproses om onafhanklikheid bevind, bly sy gesin steeds vir hom n bron van sekuriteit, hulp en ondersteuning. Vir die navorsingsmetodologie is die proses in tabelformaat weergegee met behulp van n onderverdeling in vier fases. Tydens die eerste fase, die aanvanklike beplanning en probleem–formulering, het hoofsaaklik drie aspekte aandag geniet, naamlik die navorsingsonderwerp, probleem–formulering en die doel met die nodige doelwitte. Die doel van die kwalitatiewe studie wat vanuit die probleem–formulering voortgespruit het, was om plattelandse kinders in die middelkinderjare se belewenis van alkoholmisbruik in hul gesinne waarvan hul deel vorm, te beskryf. Tydens die formele beplanning in die tweede fase is die inligting deur middel van triangulering ingesamel en is op die navorsingsbenadering en –strategieë gefokus. Vanuit verskillende bronne is inligting verken om die plattelandse kind in die middelkinderjare lewensfase wat deel vorm van die alkoholmisbruik–gesin se belewenisse, te beskryf. n Literatuurstudie het die samestelling en uiteensetting moontlik gemaak vir n profielstudie vanuit n paradigmatiese perspektief van die kind. In die derde fase is aandag gegee aan die empiriese ondersoek waartydens triangulering praktykgerig voortgesit is met behulp van sinsvoltooing met vyf kinderrespondente, voltooiing van n selfontwerpte vraelys wat opgevolg is met semi–gestruktureerde onderhoude met vyf ouers en vyf onderwysers. Gedurende die vierde fase het die interpretering en integrering van die bevindinge gerealiseer. Die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is veral geleë in die leemte op nasionale vlak en op die platteland ten opsigte van spesifiek die kind se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin asook sy omgewing. Dit het ook duidelik geword dat daar aandag gegee moet word aan alkoholmisbruik as verskynsel en die alkoholmisbruikte–huweliksverhouding en dat onkunde bestaan ten opsigte van ouerskap en die belewenis van die kind as betrokkene by sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin. Om hierdie redes word aanbeveel dat daar gefokus moet word op die kind se proses, maar ook dat ouers, onderwysers en maatskaplike werkers wat deel vorm van die ondersteuningsnetwerk vir hierdie kinders, die nodige kennis en insig deur middel van opleidingsprogramme behoort te ontvang. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The research has worked towards the general aim of generating a synthesis of burnout in the nursing profession, and also towards coming to a synthesis of burnout in nursing from the perspective of the salutogenic paradigm. Existing knowledge from the literature has been consolidated and integrated, and 'new knowledge' of the phenomenological experience of the causes and symptoms of burnout and how nurses stay healthy, were presented. Firstly was discovered that burnout, over time is caused by various factors that are individual and personal and therefore not easily discovered by other than the phenomenological method, where the life world of each individual is described. Secondly, the study ofthe strengths that nurses exhibit in order to manage the tension and stress in their lives and not to succumb to illness, proved to be a sound and descriptive paradigm with great utilisation possibilities. Three answers to the salutogenic question, namely sense of coherence, hardiness and learned resourcefulness were presented in great detail. Thirdly, it was stated that the individual nurses and the nursing practice in general be made aware of: (1) the existence of burnout, (2) the contributing factors to burnout, (3) the various manifestations ofburnout at work and in the organisation, and (4) the coping strategies available to counter this problem in a positive and salutogenic manner. The phenomenological results of this research revealed a number of issues that have implications for both the prevention and treatment of burnout in nurses. The results especially established how nurses can operationalise their inherent salutogenic qualities. Specific salutogenic coping strategies emerged via the respondents. The research took a broad view of personality in health research. It studied the psychological processes underlying the observed connections between psychological variables and health outcomes. In order to study the operationalisation of these processes, a phenomenological, person-based approach was followed. They study focussed on health phenomena and the individual nurse was retained as the unit of analysis. This approach represented a movement away from a fragmented science, infatuated with technology and linked to a singular epistemology, towards a focus on the process and dynamics of personal experience. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

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Por favor, poste novamente após a correção. on 2018-10-23T17:25:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by Johnny Diwan (johnny.diwan@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-23T18:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Final.pdf: 2466733 bytes, checksum: 6b94f34a12945d3d12a9ff9ca49c4ed5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2018-10-23T18:44:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Final.pdf: 2466733 bytes, checksum: 6b94f34a12945d3d12a9ff9ca49c4ed5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-10-24T14:00:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Final.pdf: 2466733 bytes, checksum: 6b94f34a12945d3d12a9ff9ca49c4ed5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-24T14:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Final.pdf: 2466733 bytes, checksum: 6b94f34a12945d3d12a9ff9ca49c4ed5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21 / This present study analyses, under the resource-based view (RBV) and the transaction cost theory (TCT) approach, small and medium import companies operating in the non-durable consumer goods sector in Brazil. The RBV theory focuses on the internal resources owned or accessed by a company that could lead the firm to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage, while the TCT covers the dichotomy of ownership and flexibility of activities and dealing with uncertainty. After gathering information about the macro-environmental context in which the companies are, and the inherent complexities involved, such as exchange rate fluctuation, port infrastructure, freight cost, legislations and bureaucracy, a qualitative phenomenological research was conducted with executives in the sector in order to evaluate their perception of the business and to identify the internal resources each company has at its disposal. Those resources are subject to evaluation using the VRIO framework, which intends to check whether a resource is valuable, rare and easy to imitate. Therefore, it can be classified – or not – as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Results show that, among small and medium sized companies, there aren’t too many sources of competitive advantage, with few exceptions. The way companies deal with adversities and challenges are similar and, therefore, pricing plays an important role as an important variable while in this business. / O presente estudo analisa, sob a ótica da visão baseada em recursos (RBV) e a teoria de custo de transação (TCT), pequenas e médias empresas de importação que atuam no setor de bens de consumo não duráveis no Brasil. A teoria do RBV concentrase nos recursos internos de propriedade da empresa ou acessados por ela que poderia levar a firma a obter uma vantagem competitiva sustentável, enquanto a TCT cobre a dicotomia entre a internalização de atividades ou flexibilidade de terceirização sob um cenário de incerteza. Após a coleta de informações sobre o contexto macroeconômico no qual as empresas estão inseridas e as complexidades inerentes envolvidas, como flutuação cambial, infraestrutura portuária, custo de frete, legislações e burocracia, foi realizada uma pesquisa fenomenológica qualitativa com executivos do setor para avaliar sua percepção do negócio e identificar os recursos internos de que cada empresa dispõe. Esses recursos estão sujeitos a avaliação usando o framework VRIO, que pretende verificar se um recurso é valioso, raro e fácil de imitar. Portanto, pode ser classificado – ou não – como fonte de vantagem competitiva sustentável. Os resultados mostram que, entre pequenas e médias empresas, não há fontes de vantagem competitiva significativas, com poucas exceções. A forma como as empresas lidam com as adversidades e os desafios é semelhante e, portanto, o preço desempenha um papel importante como variável importante neste negócio.

This diploma thesis deals with the transformation of the sports journalists work during the World Hockey Championships over last thirty years. The aim of this thesis is to summarise the changes that journalists have adapted to and describe the greatest effect of them. The theoretical part contains the definitions of basic concepts and classifies the influences which, according to the reference literature, significantly affected the journalists' work. These includes mainly digitization, convergence, the inception of the Internet and social networks. The methodological part includes the qualitative and phenomenological research, which is the analytical part based on. The analytical part presents experiences which are gained from the interviews with the sports journalists. The research confirmed the assumptions designed in the theoretical part. Some of them are found to be significant while the others are considered as commonplace.