A presença de áreas verdes nas cidades traz inúmeras melhorias a esta e melhora a qualidade de vida do cidadão. Os elementos vegetativos urbanos contribuem para a diminuição dos fenômenos conhecidos como ilhas de calor, amenização de inundações e de problemas respiratórios na população, além de exercerem funções estéticas, de lazer e educacional. Entretanto, o crescimento das cidades brasileiras não foi acompanhado por um planejamento urbano que conduzisse essa expansão e reservasse espaços para o verde, como é o caso da cidade de São Paulo. Uma metrópole que possui problemas sociais e ambientais que a cada dia ajudam a deteriorar a qualidade de vida de seus moradores, sendo vista como a capital do stress, poluição e violência. As ferramentas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto vem sendo utilizadas com sucesso para avaliar o tecido urbano e, em especial, a arborização presente na cidade. Assim, fez-se uso de imagens de alta resolução para indicar áreas prioritárias a serem arborizadas em três regiões da cidade de São Paulo, utilizando o conceito de corredores verdes: subprefeitura da Mooca, subprefeitura da Sé e subprefeitura de Pinheiros. Para isto foram avaliados diferentes métodos de obtenção de dados físicos do tecido urbano, por meio de técnicas classificação de imagens de alta resolução. O método de classificação que demonstrou ser o mais adequado para este trabalho foi o Stepwise Linear. Também foram estudadas e relacionadas variáveis que influenciam na presença do verde na cidade: índice de vegetação e declividade; e pontos de alagamento e quantidade de cobertura arbórea. Estas duas últimas variáveis não apresentaram correlação entre si. Por meio destas variáveis foi possível indicar áreas prioritárias para o desenvolvimento de corredores verdes. Foram comparadas imagens de satélite de diferentes anos para acompanhar e estudar a evolução das áreas verdes na cidade. Deste modo, oferecer diretrizes para guiar a cidade de São Paulo em direção à sustentabilidade urbana. / The presence of green areas in the cities brings uncountable improvements to them and also makes better citizens life. Urban vegetative elements contribute to reduce a phenomenon known as urban heat island; it softens inundations and peoples respiratory problems, besides its esthetical, leisure and educational functions. Although Brazilian cities growth was not supported by an urban planning that would have leaded expansion and also could have reserved green areas, as it is in São Paulo city. A metropolis which has social and environment problems that each day help to damage quality of people life with the image of the stress, pollution and violence center. Geoprocessing and remote sensing have been used successfully to evaluate urban area and, specially, urban forestry presence. Thus, it was used high definition images to indicate proprietary areas to be urban forestry in three zones of São Paulo, using the concept of greenways: Moocas administrative region, Sés administrative region and Pinheiross administrative region. For this, it was evaluated many methods to obtain physical data from São Paulo city urban area, through high-resolution image classification techniques. The method Stepwise Linear proved to be most appropriate for this research. Also it was evaluated variables studied that influence green presence in the city: vegetation index and slope; and flooding points and quantity of tree cover. These last two variables not showed correlation. By means of these variables were indicated priority areas for greenways. Satellite images from different periods were compared to observe and study green areas evolution in the city. Therefore, offering directions to guide São Paulo city toward to urban sustainability

A raspagem subgengival e o alisamento radicular constituem o "padrão ouro" e o tratamento de eleição para a periodontite; porém, é um procedimento difícil de ser executado, que requer um intenso treinamento e que pode expor a dentina, causando hipersensibilidade dentinária pela remoção excessiva de cemento, ou produzir defeitos, como sulcos e ranhuras, além de deixar cálculo residual e não conseguir atingir toda as superfície radicular. Recentemente, um gel a base de papaína e cloramina foi introduzido no mercado (Papacárie), utilizado no tratamento da remoção de dentina cariada. Este gel poderia auxiliar na remoção do cálculo subgengival com menor desgaste do cemento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficácia e analisar a superfície radicular na utilização de um gel à base de papaína e cloramina, associado ao alisamento radicular, na região subgengival. Após receberem instruções de higiene oral, raspagem supragengival e polimento coronário, 18 pacientes com periodontite crônica, 6 mulheres e 12 homens, com idade média de 51 anos (8) foram tratados num modelo de boca dividida. O tratamento-teste foi constituído pela aplicação do gel na área subgengival por 1 min., seguida pelo alisamento radicular; o tratamento-controle foi constituído pela raspagem subgengival e alisamento radiculares. A terapia foi executada por 3 operadoras e os exames inicial, de 28 dias e 3 meses, foram realizados por um único examinador. Quatro dentes nunca tratados de dois outros pacientes (2 incisivos centrais inferiores e 2 premolares), com indicação para extração, foram submetidos ao tratamento teste e controle e, após a exodontia, analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Ao longo dos 3 meses, os resultados demonstraram significativa melhora nos parâmetros clínicos: sangramento à sondagem, profundidade de bolsa e ganho de inserção, tanto no lado-teste, como no lado-controle, principalmente aos 28 dias; mas não foi observada significância estatística quando ambas as formas de terapia foram comparadas. O índice de placa médio permaneceu alto ao longo do estudo. A análise do MEV demonstrou que o tratamento-teste deixou uma maior quantidade de cálculo residual sobre a superfície radicular; porém, áreas livres de cálculo também foram observadas. No tratamento-controle, verificaram-se regiões mais profundas não atingidas pelas curetas, áreas livres de cálculo e um sulco produzido pela cureta. Concluiu-se que tanto o tratamento-teste, como o controle, foram eficazes no tratamento da periodontite crônica nos 3 meses observados. / Although subgingival scaling and root planing are the gold standard for elective treatment of periodontitis, they are difficult procedures to perform. As well as requiring intensive training, they can expose the dentin, causing dentin hypersensitivity by excessive removal of cement, or produce defects such as ridges and grooves, leaving residual calculus, whilst the whole root surface cannot be reached. A papain- and chloramine-based gel (Papacárie) has recently been introduced to remove carious dentin. This gel may help in the removal of subgingival calculus with reduced consumption of cement. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a papain- and chloramine-based gel and analyze the root surface in the region associated with subgingival root planing. After receiving oral hygiene instructions, supragingival scaling and coronary polishing, 18 chronic periodontitis patients (6 women and 12 men with a mean age of 51 years 8) were treated using a split-mouth model. The test treatment was established by applying the gel to the subgingival area for 1 minute, followed by root planing; whilst the control treatment was established by subgingival scaling and root planing. The therapy was performed by 3 operators, examinations initially and after 28 days and 3 months being performed by a single examiner. Four previously untreated teeth (2 lower central incisors and 2 premolars) with indication for extraction in two other patients were treated as test and control and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following extraction. Although over the 3 months the results showed marked improvement in clinical parameters: bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment gain on both test and control sides, especially after 28 days; the difference between the two forms of therapy was not found to be statistically significant. The mean plaque index remained high throughout the study. The SEM analysis showed that the test treatment left a larger amount of residual calculus on the root surface, but areas free of calculus were also observed. In the control treatment, deeper areas unaffected by the scaling and root planing, areas free of calculus and a groove produced by the curette were found. It was concluded that both test and control treatments were effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis observed over 3 months.

Experimental and numerical analysis of loads and responses for planing craft in waves is considered. Extensive experiments have been performed on a planing craft, in full-scale as well as in model scale. The test set-ups and significant results are reviewed. The required resolution in experiments on planing craft in waves, concerning sampling frequencies, filtering and pressure transducer areas, is investigated. The aspects of peak identification in transient signals, fitting of analytical cumulative distribution functions to sampled data, and statistical convergence are treated. A method for reconstruction of the momentary pressure distribution at hull-water impact, from measurements with a limited number of transducers, is presented. The method is evaluated to full-scale data, and is concluded to be applicable in detailed evaluation of the hydrodynamic load distribution in time-domain simulations. Another suggested area of application is in full-scale design evaluations, where it can improve the traceability, i.e. enable evaluation of the loads along with the responses with more confidence. The presented model experiment was designed to enable time-domain monitoring of the complete hydromechanic pressure distribution on planing craft in waves. The test set-up is evaluated by comparing vertical forces and pitching moments derived from acceleration measurements, with the corresponding forces derived with the pressure distribution reconstruction method. Clear correlation is found. An approach for direct calculations of loads, as well as motion and structure response, is presented. Hydrodynamic loads and motion responses are calculated with a non-linear time-domain strip method. Structure responses are calculated by applying momentary distributed pressure loads, formulated from hydrodynamic simulations, on a global finite element model with inertia relief. From the time series output, limiting conditions and extreme responses are determined by means of short term statistics. Promising results are demonstrated in applications, where extreme structure responses derived by the presented approach, are compared with responses to equivalent uniform rule based loads, and measured responses from the full-scale trials. It is concluded that the approach is a useful tool for further research, which could be developed into a rational design method.

<p>Experimental and numerical analysis of loads and responses for planing craft in waves is considered. Extensive experiments have been performed on a planing craft, in full-scale as well as in model scale. The test set-ups and significant results are reviewed. The required resolution in experiments on planing craft in waves, concerning sampling frequencies, filtering and pressure transducer areas, is investigated. The aspects of peak identification in transient signals, fitting of analytical cumulative distribution functions to sampled data, and statistical convergence are treated.</p><p>A method for reconstruction of the momentary pressure distribution at hull-water impact, from measurements with a limited number of transducers, is presented. The method is evaluated to full-scale data, and is concluded to be applicable in detailed evaluation of the hydrodynamic load distribution in time-domain simulations. Another suggested area of application is in full-scale design evaluations, where it can improve the traceability, i.e. enable evaluation of the loads along with the responses with more confidence.</p><p>The presented model experiment was designed to enable time-domain monitoring of the complete hydromechanic pressure distribution on planing craft in waves. The test set-up is evaluated by comparing vertical forces and pitching moments derived from acceleration measurements, with the corresponding forces derived with the pressure distribution reconstruction method. Clear correlation is found.</p><p>An approach for direct calculations of loads, as well as motion and structure response, is presented. Hydrodynamic loads and motion responses are calculated with a non-linear time-domain strip method. Structure responses are calculated by applying momentary distributed pressure loads, formulated from hydrodynamic simulations, on a global finite element model with inertia relief. From the time series output, limiting conditions and extreme responses are determined by means of short term statistics. Promising results are demonstrated in applications, where extreme structure responses derived by the presented approach, are compared with responses to equivalent uniform rule based loads, and measured responses from the full-scale trials. It is concluded that the approach is a useful tool for further research, which could be developed into a rational design method.</p>

Baigiamojo magistro darbo tema - naujas keleivių terminalas Tarptautiniame Vilniaus oro uoste. Tyrimo tikslas – remiantis literatūros ir informaciniais šaltiniais, atliktais projektais ir prieš projektinėmis studijomis, išanalizuoti oro uostų terminalų pastatų projektavimo principus ir keliamus reikalavimus, atitinkančius šiuolaikiniams poreikiams. Tyrimo objektas – terminalo pastato vietos parinkimas ir projektavimas Tarptautiniame Vilniaus oro uoste. Tyrimo problema glūdi šiandienos situacijoje Vilniuje – augantis keleivių skaičius per metus, transporto infrastruktūros savitumas ir palankus urbanistinis kontekstas yra pagrindiniai veiksniai, sąlygosiantys netolimoje ateityje, šalia jau pastatyto terminalo, naujo terminalo statybą TVOU. Terminalo pasiūlą ir kokybę lemia augantis keleivių skaičius ir naujos technologijos. Darbo autorė siūlo Vilniaus tarptautiniame oro uoste statyti jos suprojektuotą keleivių terminalo pastatą. Projektuojant naują keleivių terminalo pastatą buvo siekiama išraiškingesnės architektūros, komfortabilesnės aplinkos ir mažinti eksploatacines išlaidas. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, analitinė dalis (iki projektiniai tyrimai), projektinė dalis (eksperimentinis projektavimas ir pastato projektas), išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 87 p. teksto be priedų, 35 iliustr., 2 lent., 17 bibliografiniai ir informaciniai šaltiniai; darbo priedai. Atskirai parengti projekto 10 brėžinių ir 2 maketai. / Theme of master final work – new passenger terminal in Vilnius International airport. Objective of the reseach – to analyse the principles and requirement for the passenger terminal building designing on the base of feasibility studies and projects, lieterature and information resources. Subject of reseach – the choice of plane and designing of passenger terminal building in Vilnius International airport. The problem is today‘s situation in Vilnius – increacing passenger number ,transport infrastructure peculiarity and urbanistic context are the key factors, which influence the construction of the new passenger terminal in International Vilnius airport in the near future. The supply of passenger terminal and their quality is predetermined by the passenger and new technology. Author of thesis offers to construct her designed passenger terminal in International Vilnius airport. In this project author try to reach more expressive architecture, better comfort for passengers and to reduce the exploitation expeditures. Structure: introduction, analytic part, design and pilot project, conclussion and suggestions, referentes. Thesis consists of : 87 p. text without appendixes, 35 pictures, 2 tables, 17 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.10 drawings and 2 models.

Magistro darbe išanalizuota ir susisteminta įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai ir praktiniai metodai apie personalo reikšmės didėjimą organizacijoje bei adaptavimo formos, etapai ir procesai. Aprašyta Šiaulių miesto draudimo paslaugų įmonių vadybinio personalo adaptacijos situacija ir problemos. Šiam tikslui pasiekti atlikta temos operacionalizacija ir vadybinio personalo adaptacijos ir problemų Šiaulių miesto draudimo paslaugų įmonėse anketinės apklausos analizė. Parengtos tyrimo išvados ir pateiktos rekomendacijos. Patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad Šiaulių miesto draudimo įmonių vadybinis personalas susiduria su adaptacijos problemomis. Magistro darbo apimtis 76 puslapiai, jame yra 9 lentelės ir 14 paveikslai. / This Master work is analyzing and systemizing various Lithuanian and Foreign countries authors’ theoretical and practical methods of increasing personal meaning and forms, stages and process of adaptation. Managerial staff adaptation‘s situation and problems of service of Siauliai insurance companies are described in this master work. To realize the purpose of Master work was made operationalization and managerial staff adaptation and problems analysis by the method of questioning, made Master work findings and recommendations. Hypothesis that there are problems of staff adaptation in managerial staff adaptation system in insurance companies in Siauliai, was confirmed. Amount of Master work is 76 pages, with 9 tables and 14 pictures.

Die Produktionsplanung in kommerziellen Enterprise Ressource Planning Systemen und Produktionsplanungs- und -steuerungssystemen erfolgt unter unzureichender Berücksichtigung von beschränkten Kapazitäten. Dies führt oft zu unzulässigen Plänen, welche nicht selten zu einer Verfehlung der termingerechten Bedarfsdeckung führen. Durch den Einsatz sogenannter Clearing Functions (CF) können die nicht linearen Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Arbeitslast eines Produktionssystems und der zu erwartenden Ausbringungsmenge beschrieben werden. Eine solche CF kann empirisch durch den Einsatz von Simulation ermittelt werden und zu einer verbesserten Kapazitätsabschätzung in der operativen Produktionsplanung und -steuerung beitragen.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 theodoro_lh_dr_arafo.pdf: 4192650 bytes, checksum: 68b3ce4f45242d419b74abad0df09354 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro, a adesão de elementos sanguíneos sobre superfícies radiculares irradiadas com laser de Er:YAG e de Diodo, e a ação destes sobre as superfícies radiculares. Foram obtidas 120 amostras de dentes humanos extraídos por doença periodontal, que foram previamente raspados e aplainados com instrumentos manuais, sendo a seguir divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos com 20 amostras cada. O G1 (controle)- não recebeu nenhum tratamento; o G2- recebeu aplicação tópica de EDTA 24%; G3- foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG com 7,6 J/cm2; o G4- irradiado com laser de Er:YAG com 12,9 J/cm 2; o G5 -irradiado com laser de Diodo com 90 J/cm2 e o G6 - foi irradiado com laser de Diodo com 108 J/cm2. Após a realização dos tratamentos, em 10 amostras de cada grupo foi depositado imediatamente a sua punção, tecido sanguíneo originado da vascularização periférica de humano, sendo que 10 amostras não receberam tal tratamento. Após processamento laboratorial as amostras foram analisadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As fotomicrografias obtidas foram avaliadas através de dois índices: adesão de elementos sanguineos e de morfologia da superfície radicular e estatisticamente analisadas (Kruskall Wallis e Mann-Whitney). Os resultados demonstraram que em relação a adesão de elementos sanguíneos não houve diferenças estatisticamente significante entre o grupo controle e os tratados com o laser de Er:YAG (p=0,7733 e 0,7831) ; O G5 mostrou-se menos efetivo que o controle na adesão de elementos sanguíneos ( p=0,0305 ) e o G2 foi o menos efetivo de todos na adesão. Com relação a morfologia da superfície radicular houve diferenças significantes entre o controle e os grupos do laser de Er:YAG (p= 0,0001) e entre o G5 do Diodo (0,0259); entre o EDTA e os grupos do laser de Er:YAG (p=0,0150 ) e entre o... . / The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Diode lasers and these lasers effects on root surfaces. It was obtained 120 samples of human teeth extracted by periodontal disease. They were planed and scaled previously with manual instruments and randomly divided into 06 groups of 20 samples each. The groups were treated according to the following procedures: G1 (Control Group) -received no treatment; G2- had a topical application of EDTA 24%; G3- was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (7,6 J/cmø); G4 - was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (12,9 J/cmø); G5 - was irradiated with Diode laser (90 J/cmø) and G6 was irradiated with Diode laser (108 J/cmø). After these treatments were conducted, 10 samples of each group received a stippler, a blood tissue originated from peripheral vascularization, and the reminiscent samples did not receive such treatment. After laboratorial analysis the samples were analyzed through a scanning electronic microscopy. The photomicrographs obtained were evaluated according to adhesion of blood components and morphology of root surface; and statistically analyzed (Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney). With relation to the adhesion of blood components, the results have shown that there were no significant differences between the Control Group and the groups treated with Er:YAG laser (p=0,7733 and 0,7831); G5 was less effective than the Control Group in adhesion of blood components (p=0,0305) and G2 was the least effective of all groups in this case. With relation to the morphology of root surface there were significant differences among the Control Group, the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0001) and the Diode laser G5 (p=0,0259); between the EDTA and the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0150) and also between the Diode laser G6 and the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0032)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 16883826 bytes, checksum: 188f625a492712513eb09fd4fcb32263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research will be study the Epitácio Pessoa Avenue that serves as main connection between downtown and the beach region of João Pessoa City. This main avenue will reveal us a series of problems that can afect life quality of those who live, work, and transit by the avenue. Trying to understand the urban historical process of João Pessoa City some aspects as the alterations suffered by the landscape of the avenue during eight decades are investigated. The deficiences of a process driven by the real state speculation, without engagement with the identity of this city place and its population will be revealed. The slowness as the urban legislation of the capital occurs is also another factor that instead of adressing to a increasing process, it passes by the resolutins of our daily growth. / Esta pesquisa irá estudar a Avenida Epitácio Pessoa que serve de principal ligação entre o Centro e a Orla Marítima de João Pessoa. Este eixo viário nos revelará uma série de problemas que podem afetar a Qualidade de Vida daqueles que moram, trabalham e transitam diariamente pelo local. À luz do entendimento do processo histórico urbano de João Pessoa são investigadas as alterações sofridas pela paisagem da avenida ao longo de oito décadas. Revelar-se-ão as deficiências de um processo conduzido pela especulação imobiliária, descompromissado com a identidade do lugar e com a população a que se destina. A lentidão como se renova a legislação urbana da capital paraibana também é outro fator que em vez de direcionar o processo de crescimento, vem seguindo a reboque das resoluções clandestinas do nosso cotidiano.

A raspagem subgengival e o alisamento radicular constituem o "padrão ouro" e o tratamento de eleição para a periodontite; porém, é um procedimento difícil de ser executado, que requer um intenso treinamento e que pode expor a dentina, causando hipersensibilidade dentinária pela remoção excessiva de cemento, ou produzir defeitos, como sulcos e ranhuras, além de deixar cálculo residual e não conseguir atingir toda as superfície radicular. Recentemente, um gel a base de papaína e cloramina foi introduzido no mercado (Papacárie), utilizado no tratamento da remoção de dentina cariada. Este gel poderia auxiliar na remoção do cálculo subgengival com menor desgaste do cemento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficácia e analisar a superfície radicular na utilização de um gel à base de papaína e cloramina, associado ao alisamento radicular, na região subgengival. Após receberem instruções de higiene oral, raspagem supragengival e polimento coronário, 18 pacientes com periodontite crônica, 6 mulheres e 12 homens, com idade média de 51 anos (8) foram tratados num modelo de boca dividida. O tratamento-teste foi constituído pela aplicação do gel na área subgengival por 1 min., seguida pelo alisamento radicular; o tratamento-controle foi constituído pela raspagem subgengival e alisamento radiculares. A terapia foi executada por 3 operadoras e os exames inicial, de 28 dias e 3 meses, foram realizados por um único examinador. Quatro dentes nunca tratados de dois outros pacientes (2 incisivos centrais inferiores e 2 premolares), com indicação para extração, foram submetidos ao tratamento teste e controle e, após a exodontia, analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Ao longo dos 3 meses, os resultados demonstraram significativa melhora nos parâmetros clínicos: sangramento à sondagem, profundidade de bolsa e ganho de inserção, tanto no lado-teste, como no lado-controle, principalmente aos 28 dias; mas não foi observada significância estatística quando ambas as formas de terapia foram comparadas. O índice de placa médio permaneceu alto ao longo do estudo. A análise do MEV demonstrou que o tratamento-teste deixou uma maior quantidade de cálculo residual sobre a superfície radicular; porém, áreas livres de cálculo também foram observadas. No tratamento-controle, verificaram-se regiões mais profundas não atingidas pelas curetas, áreas livres de cálculo e um sulco produzido pela cureta. Concluiu-se que tanto o tratamento-teste, como o controle, foram eficazes no tratamento da periodontite crônica nos 3 meses observados. / Although subgingival scaling and root planing are the gold standard for elective treatment of periodontitis, they are difficult procedures to perform. As well as requiring intensive training, they can expose the dentin, causing dentin hypersensitivity by excessive removal of cement, or produce defects such as ridges and grooves, leaving residual calculus, whilst the whole root surface cannot be reached. A papain- and chloramine-based gel (Papacárie) has recently been introduced to remove carious dentin. This gel may help in the removal of subgingival calculus with reduced consumption of cement. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a papain- and chloramine-based gel and analyze the root surface in the region associated with subgingival root planing. After receiving oral hygiene instructions, supragingival scaling and coronary polishing, 18 chronic periodontitis patients (6 women and 12 men with a mean age of 51 years 8) were treated using a split-mouth model. The test treatment was established by applying the gel to the subgingival area for 1 minute, followed by root planing; whilst the control treatment was established by subgingival scaling and root planing. The therapy was performed by 3 operators, examinations initially and after 28 days and 3 months being performed by a single examiner. Four previously untreated teeth (2 lower central incisors and 2 premolars) with indication for extraction in two other patients were treated as test and control and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following extraction. Although over the 3 months the results showed marked improvement in clinical parameters: bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment gain on both test and control sides, especially after 28 days; the difference between the two forms of therapy was not found to be statistically significant. The mean plaque index remained high throughout the study. The SEM analysis showed that the test treatment left a larger amount of residual calculus on the root surface, but areas free of calculus were also observed. In the control treatment, deeper areas unaffected by the scaling and root planing, areas free of calculus and a groove produced by the curette were found. It was concluded that both test and control treatments were effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis observed over 3 months.