The housing estates in the outskirts of Sandviken, consist of relatively large scale apartment buildings. This report, that is a B.A. thesis at 10 Swedish university points, aims to investigate and describe the opportunities to improve safety and security for inhabitants in Norra Björksätra. The purpose with this report is to make Norra Björksätra to a more attractive place to live in, by changing the negative trends in the area. Since demolition of at least some of the houses could be of current interest in some years; the purpose is also to investigate whether demolition or renewal of the area is the best solution. The main methods that are used for this investigation is Botrygg05 and Trygghetsvandring. There is also lots of scientific evidence, that have been used, that proves security and safety can be improved with cost saving changes in the physical structure of the area. The report shows that efforts must be done in the illumination of the area and especially in the parking areas and along footpaths. Further more the vegetation, facades and the yards between the houses, are important factors that today affect the feeling of security and safety in a negative way. A variety of renewal proposals are presented in this report and two different approaches for renewal of the area are suggested. Finally, conclusions are made that not only physical changes can remove the negative trends in areas like Norra Björksätra. Social efforts and activities are important factors as well, and without the comprehensive approach of urban renewal projects like this can fail. Since this kind of urban areas often have social problems and simultaneously need an increased popularity to keep and attract inhabitants, the social work and public relations efforts are important. / Huskomplexen i utkanten av Sandviken består av relativt storskaliga hyreshusområden. Målet med denna rapport, som är en C-uppsats på 10 poäng, är att utreda och beskriva möjligheterna till att förbättra säkerheten och tryggheten för de boende i Norra Björksätra. Arbetet syftar till att göra Norra Björksätra till ett mer attraktivt bostadsområde och därigenom vända de negativa trender som finns i området. Då beslut om rivning hotar åtminstone delar av området, syftar denna rapport även till att utreda huruvida rivning eller stadsförnyelse är den bästa lösningen. Botrygg05 och Trygghetsvandring har huvudsakligen använts för att ta fram resultatet i denna rapport. Även vetenskapliga rapporter har använts för att validera resultat och teser som presenteras i denna rapport. Den vetenskapliga grunden pekar tydligt på att det går att förbättra trygghet och säkerhet genom fysiska åtgärder. Undersökningen visar att insatser måste göras med förbättrad belysningen i området och då särskilt på parkeringsplatser och längs gång- och cykelbanor. Även vegetation, fasader och gårdar mellan husen, är faktorer som idag påverkar trygghets- och säkerhetskänslan på ett negativt sätt. Flera förnyelseförslag presenteras och två sätt att angripa förnyelsen föreslås. Slutligen dras slutsatserna att inte endast fysiska åtgärder kan avvärja den negativa trend som har uppkommit i Norra Björksätra. Sociala åtgärder och aktiviteter är minst lika viktigt som de fysiska åtgärderna, och utan en helhetssyn på stadsförnyelse riskerar arbeten som detta att fallera. Sociala insatser och marknadsföring är av största vikt för Norra Björksätra fortlevnad, då denna typ av områden ofta är drabbade av sociala problem och samtidigt är beroende av en ökad popularitet för att kunna attrahera nya hyresgäster.

Pagrindinių universitetinių studijų baigiamasis darbas 93 puslapių, 17 paveikslų, 4 lentelės, 65 literatūros šaltiniai, 4 priedai, lietuvių kalba. Tyrimo objektas - Tauragės, Šilalės, Pagėgių rajonų senelių globos namai. Tyrimo dalykas - socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimas. Darbo tikslas – parengti rekomendacijas Tauragės apskrities strateginio plano papildymui, išplečiant socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimą Tauragės apskrities senelių globos namuose. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimą teoriniu aspektu. 2. Ištirti specialiųjų socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimo pagyvenusiems asmenims ypatumus. 3. Nustatyti specialiųjų socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimo pagyvenusiems asmenims prieinamumą ir pasiekiamumą Tauragės apskrityje. 4. Pasiūlyti specialiųjų socialinių paslaugų teikimo organizavimo pagyvenusiems asmenims gerinimo kryptis ir geresnio organizavimo galimybes Taurgaės apskrrityje. Tyrimo metodai: Mokslinės literatūros, norminių dokumentų, statistinių duomenų, pirminių ir antrinių duomenų analizė, palyginimo, anketinio ir interviu – diskusijos, grafinio vaizdavimo metodai. / Final work of University Undegradeduate Studies, 93 Pages, 17 Figures, 4 Tables, 65 References, 4 Appendix, the Lithuanian language. Research object – Tauragė, Šilalė, Pagėgiai regions rest - homes. Research subject - organizationg of social services. Research aim. – to prepare recomendations for Tauragė region strategy supplement, expanding organization of social services in Tauragė rest - homes. Objectives: 1. To analyse organization of special social services rendering in theoretical method. 2. To investigate organization of social services specific features for elderly persons. 3. To find out organization of special social services accessibility and possibilities for elderly persons in Tauragė region. 4. To propose offering planing of social favour for elderly persons improving directions and better organizing possibilities in Tauragė region. Research methods: sciential literature, the analysis of articles, induction and standart documents, statistical, primary and second facts analysis, comparision, questionnaire questioning and interview researches, graphic depiction.

p. 1 - 78 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-24T17:11:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 988030 bytes, checksum: ab68a52b6c51080c2a8b20faa31a0e4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-24T17:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 988030 bytes, checksum: ab68a52b6c51080c2a8b20faa31a0e4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A busca por alternativas que reduzam custos e otimizem os serviços prestados à sociedade pelos órgãos públicos tem sido o grande desafio dos estudiosos e administradores da área pública no Brasil.. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar como o sistema de gestão de custos, implantado no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública – LACEN, interferiu no Planejamento Estratégico da organização. O método do estudo de caso retrospectivo, de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, foi aplicado na organização com levantamento de bibliografia pertinente ao assunto, e mediante aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com os gestores da Instituição. Os dados coletados evidenciaram a importância de se apurar custos para melhorar a eficácia e eficiência dos resultados das ações do LACEN, apesar desta Instituição não fazer uso desta importante ferramenta de auxílio para tomada de decisões. A partir desse diagnóstico o LACEN poderá adotar medidas que incentivem a utilização do sistema de gestão de custos, por parte de todos os gestores da casa, como suporte para decisões gerenciais bem como na programação de suas ações e metas no Planejamento Estratégico da Unidade. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janecir Flores.pdf: 1716841 bytes, checksum: 875de6c80df1cda95a2cfdddb0b7ea4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / The research presented here discusses the communication processes and management activities in the development of Public Communication. Especially those who are able to achieve a high level of quality for the sake of efficiency in the provision of services to the citizen-consumer. Moving between corporate communication and marketing, in reference to the research line of the same name in the Graduate Program of Social Communication of the University, the work in question covers topics such as the study of best practices and interesting aspects about processes, policies, strategies and actions in the management skills of communication in organizations. For this, in terms of methodology, are used bibliographic and documentary elements, and open interviews with managers in the industry that make examples of organizational communication in two institutions. These procedures checked during research in the communication process of the organizations studied correlate to a historical contextualization of concepts, theories and methods geared to the reality of contemporary society. Analysis justified in spite approach on principles that can be viewed in the praxis of communication, such as sustainability, transparency, corporate governance and management of communication in an environment tecnossocial symbolic production of content (information, products, services, brands, images etc.). The analysis of this dynamic as a whole aims to address also the social implications of the planning process for communication and the communicative act itself, which makes us realize how public organizations observe the relationship [speech versus practice] with their clients in access to information, products or services. / A pesquisa ora apresentada discute os processos comunicacionais e de gestão no desenvolvimento de atividades de Comunicação Pública. Sobretudo aqueles que sejam capazes de alcançar um elevado nível de qualidade em prol da eficácia na prestação de serviços ao cidadão-consumidor. Transitando entre a comunicação institucional e a mercadológica, em referência à linha de pesquisa de mesmo nome constante do Programa de Pós-graduação de Comunicação Social da Universidade, o trabalho em questão aborda tópicos como o estudo de boas práticas e aspectos interessantes sobre processos, políticas, estratégias e ações na gestão de competências da comunicação nas organizações. Para isso, em termos de metodologia, são utilizados elementos bibliográficos e documentais, além de entrevistas abertas com os gestores do setor que conformam exemplos de comunicação organizacional em duas instituições. Esses procedimentos verificados durante a pesquisa no processo comunicacional das organizações estudadas se correlacionam a uma contextualização histórica de conceitos, teorias e métodos voltados à realidade da sociedade contemporânea. Análise justificada em que pese uma abordagem a respeito de princípios que possam ser visualizados na práxis comunicacional, como sustentabilidade, transparência, governança corporativa e gestão da comunicação em uma ambiência tecnossocial de produção simbólica de conteúdos (informações, produtos, serviços, marcas, imagem etc.). A análise dessa dinâmica como um todo objetiva abordar, ainda, as implicações sociais do processo de planejamento em Comunicação e do ato comunicativo em si, que nos faz perceber de que forma as organizações públicas observam a relação (discurso versus prática) com seus clientes no acesso a informações, produtos ou serviços.

Orientador: José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio / Banca: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio / Banca: Álvaro Francisco Bosco / Banca: Denise Maria Zezel / Banca: Antônio Wilson Sallum / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro, a adesão de elementos sanguíneos sobre superfícies radiculares irradiadas com laser de Er:YAG e de Diodo, e a ação destes sobre as superfícies radiculares. Foram obtidas 120 amostras de dentes humanos extraídos por doença periodontal, que foram previamente raspados e aplainados com instrumentos manuais, sendo a seguir divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos com 20 amostras cada. O G1 (controle)- não recebeu nenhum tratamento; o G2- recebeu aplicação tópica de EDTA 24%; G3- foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG com 7,6 J/cm2; o G4- irradiado com laser de Er:YAG com 12,9 J/cm 2; o G5 -irradiado com laser de Diodo com 90 J/cm2 e o G6 - foi irradiado com laser de Diodo com 108 J/cm2. Após a realização dos tratamentos, em 10 amostras de cada grupo foi depositado imediatamente a sua punção, tecido sanguíneo originado da vascularização periférica de humano, sendo que 10 amostras não receberam tal tratamento. Após processamento laboratorial as amostras foram analisadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As fotomicrografias obtidas foram avaliadas através de dois índices: adesão de elementos sanguineos e de morfologia da superfície radicular e estatisticamente analisadas (Kruskall Wallis e Mann-Whitney). Os resultados demonstraram que em relação a adesão de elementos sanguíneos não houve diferenças estatisticamente significante entre o grupo controle e os tratados com o laser de Er:YAG (p=0,7733 e 0,7831) ; O G5 mostrou-se menos efetivo que o controle na adesão de elementos sanguíneos ( p=0,0305 ) e o G2 foi o menos efetivo de todos na adesão. Com relação a morfologia da superfície radicular houve diferenças significantes entre o controle e os grupos do laser de Er:YAG (p= 0,0001) e entre o G5 do Diodo (0,0259); entre o EDTA e os grupos do laser de Er:YAG (p=0,0150 ) e entre o... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Diode lasers and these lasers effects on root surfaces. It was obtained 120 samples of human teeth extracted by periodontal disease. They were planed and scaled previously with manual instruments and randomly divided into 06 groups of 20 samples each. The groups were treated according to the following procedures: G1 (Control Group) -received no treatment; G2- had a topical application of EDTA 24%; G3- was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (7,6 J/cmø); G4 - was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (12,9 J/cmø); G5 - was irradiated with Diode laser (90 J/cmø) and G6 was irradiated with Diode laser (108 J/cmø). After these treatments were conducted, 10 samples of each group received a stippler, a blood tissue originated from peripheral vascularization, and the reminiscent samples did not receive such treatment. After laboratorial analysis the samples were analyzed through a scanning electronic microscopy. The photomicrographs obtained were evaluated according to adhesion of blood components and morphology of root surface; and statistically analyzed (Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney). With relation to the adhesion of blood components, the results have shown that there were no significant differences between the Control Group and the groups treated with Er:YAG laser (p=0,7733 and 0,7831); G5 was less effective than the Control Group in adhesion of blood components (p=0,0305) and G2 was the least effective of all groups in this case. With relation to the morphology of root surface there were significant differences among the Control Group, the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0001) and the Diode laser G5 (p=0,0259); between the EDTA and the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0150) and also between the Diode laser G6 and the Er:YAG laser groups (p=0,0032)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

To implement an ERP-system is not an easy process. The success of the implementation depend on many different variables. The most important one is perhaps the requirement process, to define what the organization wants and expects from the system. In this study, the advantages of a process mapping are examined, in relation to the phase where the requirements are expressed in an ERP-implementation. The conclusion is that a process mapping generates an increased communication with the supplier of the ERP-system, hence the business knows their processes and thereby what they want from the system. From this knowledge, the supplier can design the system more closely to the organizational needs. / I en allt mer föränderlig omvärld ställs allt större krav på stödjande IT-system i verksamheter. Att införa ett affärssystem i verksamheter ger en ökad effektivitet då organisationen har en samlad informationsbas över hela verksamhetens data och kan med denna ta mer korrekta beslut då data uppdateras i realtid. Tidigare forskning inom området visar på att det är oerhört svårt att driva ett framgångsrikt IT-projekt eftersom det finns många svårigheter i att ta fram krav på systemet. Denna undersökning har genomförts med syfte för att undersöka vilka fördelar en processkartläggning ger då verksamheten, som ligger i fokus för denna undersökning, diskuterar en kravbild med leverantören av affärssystemet som skall implementeras.                       Ett ERP-system (för en begreppsförklaring, se begreppslistan på sidan 11) har en inbyggd logik av processer som är framtagna ur ett best practice (Motiwalla & Thompson, 2012, 2009). När en verksamhet skall införa ett affärssystem kan den välja att anpassa systemet efter organisationen, eller organisationen efter systemet. Skall organisationen anpassas bör den göra detta efter Business Process Reengineering (BPR) metodologin.                       Undersökningen har genomförts genom intervjuer med sex personer, på det valda fallföretaget, vilka medverkat både i processkartläggningen och i projektet för ERP-implementering.                       Den empiriska forskningen har lyft fram ett par saker som är av intresse för undersökningen. Processkartläggningen har hjälpt fallföretaget i deras kommunikation med leverantören genom att de med hjälp av kartläggningen kan uttala sig väl om hur de arbetar och varför. Detta har i sin tur gett leverantören fördel då de lättare förstår hur verksamheten fungerar och på så vis kan sätta upp systemet mer anpassat till deras krav. Dock finns det ett par saker som kunde varit mer förberett inför start av projektet som hade kunnat ge en ytterligare definierad kravbild. Detta är faktorer som att; alla processer skulle varit kartlagda, de skulle ha beslutat om vilken detaljnivå de skall ha på processbeskrivningarna, rollbeskrivning borde ha kommunicerats till projektdeltagarna och en beslutsprocess kunde ha satts.                       Slutsatser som dras från undersökningen är; att en processkartläggning ökar kommunikationen med leverantören. En processkartläggning är en kritisk faktor för att hålla scope, tid och resurser i implementeringsprojektet samt att kartläggningen ger verksamheten utrymme att värdera och validera deras beslut kring systemuppsättning och processförändringar. Verksamheten behöver också sätta upp en lärande organisation för att underhålla ERP-systemet och säkerställa att det förändras i takt med organisationen.

The diploma thesis deals with an increasing of utilization of energy during a combustion of waste. The introductory part deals with a presentation of the specific waste to energy unit and its combined heat and power production. In the next part is described a computing tool and the principle of its function. The main part od the thesis deals with a description of cumputing tool testing and with a summary of achieved results.

Background: Hitherto no study has been published on the effect of the adjunctive administration of essential oils following scaling and root planing (SRP). This study describes the effect of a mouthrinse consisting of essential oils (Cymbopogon flexuosus, Thymus zygis and Rosmarinus officinalis) following SRP by clinical and microbiological variables in patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis. Methods: Forty-six patients (aged 40–65 years) with moderate chronic periodontitis were randomized in a double-blind study and rinsed their oral cavity following SRP with an essential oil mouthrinse (n = 23) or placebo (n = 23) for 14 days. Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and modified sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Subgingival plaque was taken for assessment of major bacteria associated with periodontitis. Results: AL, PD, BOP and SBI were significantly improved in both groups after three (p < 0.001) and 6 months (p ≤ 0.015). AL improved significantly better in the test than in the control group after 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001), so did PD after three months in the tendency (p = 0.1). BOP improved better in the test group after 3 months (p = 0.065). Numbers of Treponema denticola (p = 0.044) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.029) decreased more in the test than in the control group after 3 months, those of Tannerella forsythia after 6 months (p = 0.039). Prevotella micra (p < 0.001,p = 0.035) and Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.002,p = 0.012) decreased significantly in both groups after 3 months. Conclusions: The adjunctive use of a mouthrinse containing essential oils following SRP has a positive effect on clinical variables and on bacterial levels in the subgingival biofilm.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to compare the effect of systemic adjunctive use of azithromycin with amoxicillin/metronidazole to scaling and root planing (SRP) in a clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 60 individuals with chronic periodontitis were evaluated after full-mouth SRP. Antibiotics were given from the first day of SRP, in the test group (n = 29), azithromycin for 3 days and, in the control group (n = 31), amoxicillin/metronidazole for7 days. Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-8 and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels. Subgingival plaque was taken for assessment of the major bacteria associated with periodontitis. RESULTS: In both groups, PD, AL, and BOP were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). A few significant differences between the groups were found; AL and BOP were significantly better in the test than in the control group at the end of the study (p = 0.020 and 0.009). Periodontopathogens were reduced most in the test group. CONCLUSIONS: A noninferiority of the treatment with azithromycin in comparison with amoxicillin/metronidazole can be stated. The administration of azithromycin could be an alternative to the use of amoxicillin/metronidazole adjunctive to SRP in patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis; however, a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Application of azithromycin as a single antibiotic for 3 days might be considered as an additional adjunctive antibiotic to SRP in selected patients.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 7 1.1 Klassifikation der Parodontitiden 7 1.2 Prävalenz der Parodontitis 8 1.3 Parodontales Erregerspektrum 9 2 Aufgabenstellung 12 3 Material und Methode 13 3.1 Erhobene Variablen 15 3.2 Therapie und Nachbehandlung 20 3.3 Biochemische und mikrobiologische Analyse 21 3.3.1 Probenentnahme 21 3.3.2 Analyse 22 3.4 Statistische Auswertung 23 4 Ergebnisse 25 5 Diskussion 33 6 Zusammenfassung 40 7 Literaturverzeichnis 44 8 Anhang 61 9 Publikation 65 10 Lebenslauf 66 11 Danksagung 67 12 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 68

Aufgrund der unbefriedigenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Situation ist die Konzeption von Stra-tegien zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftsergebnisse für viele Forstbetriebe eine existenzsichernde Aufgabe. Die Verfahren der Forsteinrichtung bedienen den Informationsbedarf nicht immer in dem erwarteten Umfang. Die Erweiterung der naturalen Planung um ökonomische Zielgrößen erfolgt bisher nur gelegentlich. Die geänderten Anforderungen verstärken den Anspruch, das klassische Planungs- und Kontrollsystem der Forsteinrichtung um neue integrative Verfahren und Module zu ergänzen und die methodische Einbindung der Forsteinrichtung in den gesamten betrieblichen Planungs- und Entscheidungsablauf sicherzustellen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Planungs- und Simulationsmodell zur Steuerung und Kontrolle von Forstbetrieben entwickelt und beispielhaft erprobt. Das entwickelte Gesamtsystem besteht aus insgesamt vier Komponenten. Die Basis bildet ein Inventurmodul, das eine Schnittstelle zu dem integrierten Wachstumsmodul besitzt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde als Wachstumsmodul das Programm SILVA gewählt. Für die betriebswirtschaftliche Kalkulation der naturalen Fortschreibungsergebnisse fand das Programm tharget Verwendung. Zur Bewertung der kalkulierten Zahlungsreihen wurden investitionstheo-retische Funktionalitäten im Modul Invest verwendet.