Detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöker detaljplaneprocessen för detindustriområde som planerats och anlagts på fastigheten Munkeröd 1:12 m.fl. i Stenungsunds kommun, där ett jordskred skedde i september 2023. Undersökningen gjordes genom en dokument- och litteraturstudie samt en intervjustudie. Resultatet tyder på att kommunen gjort flera tveksamma riskbedömningar avseende den geotekniska säkerheten. Bland annat togs viktig information gällande den bedömda stabiliteten för planområdet bort och en felaktig bergskarta låg till grund för områdets lastbegränsningar. Dessa bedömningar ochbeslut tros ligga till grund för att skredet skedde. Analysen av detaljplaneprocessen visar på behovet av att under den långa processen behålla kontinuitet och noggrannhet. Vidare belyser arbetet nödvändigheten av ett nära samarbete med utomstående experter, särskilt inom geoteknik, samt myndigheter för att möjliggöra för adekvata riskbedömningar. Dessutom krävs e nöppen dialog med berörda parter och en systematisk grundlig hantering av riskerna genom hela planprocessen. Sammanfattningsvis visar arbetet värdet av att integrera riskhantering på ett effektivt sätt i detaljplaneringen för att skapa robusta och hållbara samhällen. Genom att dra lärdomar från tidigare erfarenheter, som skredet i Stenungsund, kan vi förbättra planeringsprocessen och på så sätt minska risken för framtida katastrofer. / This bachelor's degree project examines the planning process for the industrial area planned and constructed on the property Munkeröd 1:12 in Stenungsund Municipality, where a landslide occurred in September 2023. The investigation was conducted through a documentand literature study, as well as through an interview study. The results indicate that the municipality made several questionable risk assessments regarding geotechnical safety. Forexample, crucial information regarding the assessed stability of the planning area was removed, and an incorrect bedrock map was used as the basis for the load limitations in the area. These assessments and decisions are believed to have contributed to the landslide. The analysis of the planning process highlights the need to maintain continuity and thoroughness throughout the long process. Furthermore, the degree project underscores the necessity of close collaboration with external experts, especially in geotechnics, as well as government agencies to enable adequate risk assessments. Additionally, an open dialogue with interested parties and a systematic, thorough handling of risks throughout the entire planningprocess are required. In summary, the degree project demonstrates the value of effectively integrating riskmanagement into the planning process to create robust and sustainable communities. By learning from past experiences, such as the landslide in Stenungsund, we can improve the planning process and thereby reduce the risk of future natural disasters.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Larry L. Lawhon / Gated communities are a growing residential phenomenon in the United States with almost ten percent of households living in gated communities in 2005 (Knox, 2008; Census, 2005). In this study “gated communities” are defined, according to Low (2003), as a residential neighborhood with walls and gates surrounding the development, which excludes non-residents access to all interior amenities including residences, open space, and activities. People are seeking life behind a gate for many reasons, but include the search for security, safety, privacy, prestige, exclusivity, control, and community (Blakely & Snyder, 1999). As this style of development is expanding and as all socio-economic groups want to live in gated communities, cities are beginning to realize gated communities affect all members of the community, not just the ones secluded behind the gate (El Nasser, 2002). After reviewing literature, the author found, the generally accepted social implications and consequences resulting from gated communities were identified as social segregation, loss of community, and division; although, there were also positive results for some people living within gated communities. This report, through a case study format, investigated if the social implications of gated communities are considered during the development review process. Rockwood Falls Estates and Meadows is a suburban gated community and the surrounding local governments, Johnson County and Overland Park, were the object of the case study. The author concluded that gated communities have benefits and concerns. Further, the author found that gated communities can be effectively controlled if the local governments have adopted specific policies dealing with gated communities and implement this policy through specific design review procedures.

During the last century, the world has faced unprecedented challenges relating to the degradation of the socio-ecological system. In light of this, governments play an important role to help tackle these issues. This thesis identifies the Open Government Partnership (OGP) organisation, as an initiative that can support governments in addressing these challenges. In particular, the potential to address these issues relates to OGP’s vision of strengthening governance by increasing transparency, accountability and participation. Therefore, the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) was used to analyse the results from the semi-structured interviews, literature review and document analysis, in order to identify the strengths and limitations of OGP’s planning approach. Based on these results, recommendations call for the utilisation of the ABCD strategic planning process to assist OGP member governments and stakeholders to develop a concrete definition of sustainability, and a strategic planning approach that can support society in moving towards sustainability.

Benefits of implementing Supply Chain Integration (SCI) are acknowledged in existing integration literature. Integration extending beyond functional silos and firm boundaries is expected to provide value for customers in terms of higher quality, improved service level, and reduced costs.In addition, internal integration allows business functions to align around a single company goal. This type of integration promotes value creation while decreasing redundancies and costs. Yet, regardless of the significant advances in research and practice, many organizations still experience difficulties not only to integrate activities with supply chain partners, but they also struggle to integrate activities within an organization, for example, through implementation of a sales and operations planning (S&OP) process. To tackle these challenges, organizations may need to reconsider why and how they integrate both internally and externally. However, the previous integration research provides only limited guidelines for how to carry out such evaluations. Many organizations experience difficulties in addressing the complexity related to integration and evaluation of activities internally and with SC partners. The lack of concrete guidelines for evaluation of SCI in theory is seen as one of the reasons for the still sporadic examples of successful SCI in practice. Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to increase understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains. To address the purpose, three studies (1-3) have been conducted. The study 1 highlighted the current status and several SCI challenges in academic literature and in practice. One of the major challenges relates to the absence of a systematic comprehensive approach for evaluation of internal and external integration. To contribute to closing of this gap, study 2 was conducted to develop a context based framework for evaluation of external integration. Finally, the subsequent study 3 aimed to develop a framework for evaluation of the S&OP process. Concerning the SCI challenges, this research contributes to previous integration literature by confirming some existing challenges but also by identifying additional challenges. Related to challenges of external integration, a set of contextual factors are identified which were observed to challenge the establishment of an appropriate level of external integration with SC partners. As a result a misfit occurs between the contextual factors and applied level of external integration. Additionally, reasons for the misfits were identified and discussed. Associated with the challenges of S&OP process, this thesis adds to existing fragmented literature on the S&OP process evaluation challenges by synthesizing and extending the existing knowledge. A framework has been developed which is founded on two key areas of process performance – S&OP process effectiveness and efficiency, and on various maturity levels of the process. Although several challenges were found for each maturity level, some challenges were observed occurring across more levels. Moreover, in this research, a context based framework for evaluation of external integration is proposed. The framework extends the previous SCI frameworks. It is founded on contextual factors which were considered by the studied cases when integrating with their SC partners. Furthermore, the factors were observed to promote establishment of an appropriate level of external integration. Each level consists of identified external integration activities. The thesis further contributes to the S&OP performance research by addressing the lack of process oriented frameworks for evaluation of the process performance. The proposed framework of measuring the S&OP process performance considers the five major steps of the process and their outputs as well as the output of the entire process. To reflect the process performance measures, the framework structures and defines effectiveness and efficiency measures and their relation to the process performance. The framework also conforms to the majority of the criteria for designing of appropriate performance measures. Finally, the major results of the thesis are synthesized and a framework is suggested of external integration and its effect on S&OP process performance. The framework considers the identified contextual factors, appropriate levels of external integration, and the S&OP performance measures the integration can have effect on. The thesis also discusses, alongside with the theoretical contributions, how the developed frameworks can support managers in evaluating their supply chain integration practices. Additionally, several opportunities for future research are outlined.

<p><strong>Aim:</strong></p><p>The purpose was to perform a pre-study to marketing planning for a local squash club in Sweden that had difficulties with membership growth and development. This pre-study would provide the squash club with valuable information and a starting point when creating its first marketing plan.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong></p><p>The chosen research approach included theoretical and empirical studies. Empirical data was collected by triangulation, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A semi-structured interview and two surveys using on-line questionnaires were conducted, analyzed and presented. The discussed theory including key definitions, models and concepts was related to the empirical data findings and reflected on.</p><p><strong>Results & Conclusions: </strong></p><p>A small non-profit squash club with scarce resources and slim organization has to implement a customer centered mindset and work smarter instead of harder.It is important for the club to carefully match market opportunities with its objectives and capabilities.Engaging in marketing planning and the development of a marketing plan will enable the club to find new creative ways to offer a unique squash experience that will result in a positive membership development.</p><p><strong>Recommendations:</strong></p><p>The squash club should strive to develop key strategic partnerships that can compliment its strengths and help reduce its weaknesses.An own club website would improve internal and external communication significantly and decrease the club management’s administrative workload.It would be advisable for the club to perform annual online customer satisfaction surveys to monitor and measure own performance and detect key changes in the marketplace.</p><p><strong>Contribution:</strong></p><p>This pre-study could be a good opportunity for the squash club’s management team to engage in marketing planning and develop its first marketing plan. Perhaps this study could also benefit other small sports clubs with similar challenges and give them ideas and new tools for future development, such as using on-line surveys.</p><p><strong>Suggested future research:</strong></p><p>It would be interesting to perform a comparison among the four racket sports: tennis, badminton, table-tennis and squash and the reasons behind young people choosing to play one sport over the others.The result would help racket clubs to better understand how they should position themselves in the market place to attract young people to their particular sport.</p>

<p>Operation Atalanta är en EU gemensam marin operation utanför Somalias kust som syftar till att skydda Word Food Program sjötransporter från piratattacker i området. Försvarsmaktens styrkebidrag till operationen består i huvudsak av Internationella Korvettstyrkan (IKS) som innehåller korvetterna HMS Stockholm, HMS Malmö och stödfartyget HMS Trossö. Förbandet transporterades till insatsområdet med strategisk sjötransport. Att transportera svenska örlogs-fartyg på detta sätt är tämligen nytt inom marinen. Strategiska sjötransporter kräver framförhållning då sjötransportresurserna i vissa fall kan vara svårt att få tillgängliga på den tid som önskas. Därför har denna uppsats inriktats på transportplaneringen av operation Atalanta.</p><p>Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och jämföra teori med praktik där kvalitativ textanalys har ställts mot kvalitativa intervjuer. Genom en undersökning av transportplaneringen under operation Atalanta som jämförts med <em>Handbok Försvarsmaktens Transporter Grunder (H FM Tp Grunder) </em>har skillnader identifieras. Dessa skillnader har senare värderas mot hur transportplanerings- processen följdes.</p><p>Processen har i denna uppsats begränsats till att undersöka de tre första delprocesserna, som författaren valt kalla för faser: <em>inhämtning, bedömning och upphandling.</em> Faserna används genomgående genom empirin där underaktiviteterna i respektive fas presenteras. Faktorer att beakta under planeringen är <em>kostnadseffektivitet, tid</em> och <em>kvalitet</em>. Dessa faktorers inverkan undersöks närmare i respektive fas.</p><p>Fallstudien visar att transportplaneringsprocessen inte följts enligt <em>H</em> <em>FM Tp Grunder</em>. Den främsta orsaken är tidsbrist som forcerat planeringen. Erfarenhet hos dem som varit involverade i planeringen har dock medgett att kontrollerade avsteg från processen kunnat göras.</p> / <p>Operation Atalanta is an EU combined maritime operation outside Somalia’s coasts. The main objective of the operation is to protect World Food Program sea transports in the area from pirate attacks. The Swedish Armed Forces has contributed with a maritime task force containing two corvettes and a supply ship. The ships were transported by a strategic sealift to area of operations. The knowledge of transporting Swedish naval vessels this way is limited due to lack of experience. Sea transports of this kind need to be planned with a long-term view due to the competitive situation on the sea transport market and the limitation of resources. </p><p>This essay is therefore focused on the planning process of the described transport where an investigation of theory and practice is done. The theory comes from an internal handbook which describes The Swedish Armed Forces planning process for military transports. This planning process will be compared to the case study, operation Atalanta in order to sort out differences. These differences will show how well the planning process was followed in this particular case.  </p><p>The author has limited the planning process to involve three different stages in the planning process, these are: <em>Information gathering, Assessment </em>and<em> Procurement</em> and hereafter called phases. The stages will in time be set from the political directive to a sea transport has been procured. Different aspects are to be considered during the planning process. These are cost efficiency, time and quality. These aspects will be examined in each phase in order to investigate how they have affected the planning process.    </p><p>The case study shows that the planning process has not been followed according to what the handbook describes. The main reason is the lack of time. The time has been a crucial factor which has driven the transport planning to make deviations. However this deviation has been done with good knowledge about the planning process thru experience.</p>

<p>The paper investigates the challenges of consolidating beneficiary participation in the planning and implementation of projects, the effects on project outcomes and the implications for community based development. It examines one of such projects in Sekondi- Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana by assessing the entire planning and implementation of the project, the participatory mechanisms used and the current state of the project in terms of its sustainability. The paper critically investigates a broad arena of literature relating to the evolution of the participatory concept and its relation to development planning and management. It further explores some of the critiques leveled against the concept. The paper argues further that beneficiary participation in Community Based Development Projects (CBDPs) in Ghana is a challenge because of the internal rigidities associated with the use of the concept. It explains through evidence from the analyzed data that understanding the strategies for the participatory process as well as the socio dynamics of the beneficiaries involved is important in ensuring positive project outcomes.</p>

Aim: The purpose was to perform a pre-study to marketing planning for a local squash club in Sweden that had difficulties with membership growth and development. This pre-study would provide the squash club with valuable information and a starting point when creating its first marketing plan. Method: The chosen research approach included theoretical and empirical studies. Empirical data was collected by triangulation, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A semi-structured interview and two surveys using on-line questionnaires were conducted, analyzed and presented. The discussed theory including key definitions, models and concepts was related to the empirical data findings and reflected on. Results &amp; Conclusions: A small non-profit squash club with scarce resources and slim organization has to implement a customer centered mindset and work smarter instead of harder.It is important for the club to carefully match market opportunities with its objectives and capabilities.Engaging in marketing planning and the development of a marketing plan will enable the club to find new creative ways to offer a unique squash experience that will result in a positive membership development. Recommendations: The squash club should strive to develop key strategic partnerships that can compliment its strengths and help reduce its weaknesses.An own club website would improve internal and external communication significantly and decrease the club management’s administrative workload.It would be advisable for the club to perform annual online customer satisfaction surveys to monitor and measure own performance and detect key changes in the marketplace. Contribution: This pre-study could be a good opportunity for the squash club’s management team to engage in marketing planning and develop its first marketing plan. Perhaps this study could also benefit other small sports clubs with similar challenges and give them ideas and new tools for future development, such as using on-line surveys. Suggested future research: It would be interesting to perform a comparison among the four racket sports: tennis, badminton, table-tennis and squash and the reasons behind young people choosing to play one sport over the others.The result would help racket clubs to better understand how they should position themselves in the market place to attract young people to their particular sport.

Operation Atalanta är en EU gemensam marin operation utanför Somalias kust som syftar till att skydda Word Food Program sjötransporter från piratattacker i området. Försvarsmaktens styrkebidrag till operationen består i huvudsak av Internationella Korvettstyrkan (IKS) som innehåller korvetterna HMS Stockholm, HMS Malmö och stödfartyget HMS Trossö. Förbandet transporterades till insatsområdet med strategisk sjötransport. Att transportera svenska örlogs-fartyg på detta sätt är tämligen nytt inom marinen. Strategiska sjötransporter kräver framförhållning då sjötransportresurserna i vissa fall kan vara svårt att få tillgängliga på den tid som önskas. Därför har denna uppsats inriktats på transportplaneringen av operation Atalanta. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och jämföra teori med praktik där kvalitativ textanalys har ställts mot kvalitativa intervjuer. Genom en undersökning av transportplaneringen under operation Atalanta som jämförts med Handbok Försvarsmaktens Transporter Grunder (H FM Tp Grunder) har skillnader identifieras. Dessa skillnader har senare värderas mot hur transportplanerings- processen följdes. Processen har i denna uppsats begränsats till att undersöka de tre första delprocesserna, som författaren valt kalla för faser: inhämtning, bedömning och upphandling. Faserna används genomgående genom empirin där underaktiviteterna i respektive fas presenteras. Faktorer att beakta under planeringen är kostnadseffektivitet, tid och kvalitet. Dessa faktorers inverkan undersöks närmare i respektive fas. Fallstudien visar att transportplaneringsprocessen inte följts enligt H FM Tp Grunder. Den främsta orsaken är tidsbrist som forcerat planeringen. Erfarenhet hos dem som varit involverade i planeringen har dock medgett att kontrollerade avsteg från processen kunnat göras. / Operation Atalanta is an EU combined maritime operation outside Somalia’s coasts. The main objective of the operation is to protect World Food Program sea transports in the area from pirate attacks. The Swedish Armed Forces has contributed with a maritime task force containing two corvettes and a supply ship. The ships were transported by a strategic sealift to area of operations. The knowledge of transporting Swedish naval vessels this way is limited due to lack of experience. Sea transports of this kind need to be planned with a long-term view due to the competitive situation on the sea transport market and the limitation of resources.  This essay is therefore focused on the planning process of the described transport where an investigation of theory and practice is done. The theory comes from an internal handbook which describes The Swedish Armed Forces planning process for military transports. This planning process will be compared to the case study, operation Atalanta in order to sort out differences. These differences will show how well the planning process was followed in this particular case.   The author has limited the planning process to involve three different stages in the planning process, these are: Information gathering, Assessment and Procurement and hereafter called phases. The stages will in time be set from the political directive to a sea transport has been procured. Different aspects are to be considered during the planning process. These are cost efficiency, time and quality. These aspects will be examined in each phase in order to investigate how they have affected the planning process.     The case study shows that the planning process has not been followed according to what the handbook describes. The main reason is the lack of time. The time has been a crucial factor which has driven the transport planning to make deviations. However this deviation has been done with good knowledge about the planning process thru experience.

In 1970&rsquo / s, significant shifts occurred both in planning and design theories as a response to the decreasing role of state in property relations and widening arena of private property. This shift in planning approaches led to an increase in the importance of &lsquo / flexibility&rsquo / concept. However this study proposes that flexibility in the control of spatial development is not an indisputable solution, but rather it is a dilemma. This is because / the definition, degree and effect of flexibility may change in every step of the process depending on the actors in the process. While it may be a way of solution in one case, it may be the problem itself in another. In the study, this dilemma is discussed in the context of spatial development in science parks. The concept of flexibility has a particular importance in respect to science parks which host especially technology based firms. Due to market changes and technology shifts, the spatial requirements of market and also the tenants change in time rapidly. That is why flexibility becomes a necessary tool in the physical planning of science parks. In this context, firstly the role flexibility in different planning and decision-making approaches is discussed. Then the structural characteristics of science parks and specifically METU Technopolis are defined. Within this framework, the physical development process of METU Technopolis and the role of flexibility in planning and decision making processes is examined. Finally some suggestions for controlling the flexibility in planning and design processes are developed.