Si la postérité a gardé l'image d'un Boileau législateur du classicisme, le poète de son vivant se présentait davantage comme le « Régent du Parnasse », représentant littéraire d'un pouvoir exécutif qui s'est absenté. À la fois lié et délié de l'autorité royale, le pouvoir de Boileau sur les lettres, senti à l'époque comme un véritable choc scandaleux, apparaît aujourd'hui comme une fable dont on a empoisonné des générations d'élèves. Réel et fictif, ce pouvoir, contre lequel nombre de contemporains de Boileau s'élevèrent, questionne les frontières entre le monde séparé des belles-lettres et l'insertion sociale des auteurs. Notre hypothèse est que cette configuration paradoxale s'exprime dans les différents aspects de l'écriture de Boileau : une carrière institutionnelle exceptionnelle qui plaça le satirique au plus près du corps de la monarchie en tant qu'historiographe du roi ; une pratique exceptionnellement tolérée de la satire violente et nominale qui déclencha quantité de querelles ; une théorie du sublime et de la parole d'exception capable de mouvoir et de modifier notre perception des frontières du possible, du licite et de l'imaginable. Cette étude du « pouvoir littéraire » tente ainsi de combiner une approche historique des pratiques d'écriture par lesquelles Boileau affirme sa violence sociale de l'intérieur des belles-lettres ; une approche générique et linguistique des moyens d'expression de la puissance à l'intérieur des genres et du langage usuels ; et une approche herméneutique de sa théorie de l'interprétation qui fait du sublime la force par laquelle l'homme peut excéder de l'intérieur ses propres limites. / If Boileau is remembered as the legislator of classicism, alive, the poet would rather have introduced himself as the “Regent of Parnassus”, or the literary representative of an absent executive power. Boileau's influence on literature, both tied to and freed from royal authority, but also seen as outrageaously scandalous at that time, seems today to have become a fable tormenting generations of pupils. Real or fantasized, that power, against which loads of Boileau's contemporaries stood up, questions the limits between the secluded literary world and the authors' social integration. We assume that this paradoxical configuration expresses itself through various aspects of Boileau's writing: an outstanding institutional career as the King's historiographer, thanks to which the satirist had never been closer to the body of monarchy; an exceptionally lenient use of violent and nominal satire which triggered numerous quarrels; a theory of the sublime and remarkable speech which can both move and change our understanding of the frontiers between what can be done, what can be allowed, and what can be imagined. This study on “literary power” attempts to combine a historical approach to Boileau's writing through which he asserted the social violence oozing out of the literary world; to a generic and linguistic work on the means of expressions of power inside genres and common langage; and to another hermeneutic approach to his theory on interpretation which makes the sublime the strength with which man can exceed from inside his own limits.

This dissertation argues that the crucial quality of American literary naturalism is the polemicism of its major authors and texts. Scholars have long been attuned to the “rebellious” nature of naturalism. Indeed, following the charge of H. L. Mencken (for whom naturalism constituted an aesthetic assault on the pious vacuities of Howellsian social realism), critics have been apt to frame naturalism as the national literature of disobedience. What is less than clear, however, is what, exactly, naturalism is supposed to be rebelling against. In a century of criticism, naturalism has constituted an assault on “machine industrialism” (Parrington), romantic imagination (Trilling), literary realism (Pizer), sentimentality (Lehan), regionalism and local color fiction (Campbell), feminization (Seltzer), capitalism (Benn Michaels), European aestheticism (Dudley), and patriarchal hegemony (Fleissner). My thesis builds on the assumption that the “real object” of naturalism’s rebellion is less definitive than the antinomian spirit itself. The naturalists, in short, were polemicists: naturalism is defined less by a coherent and stable philosophical orientation than by an attitude, a posture of aggressive controversy, which happens to cluster loosely around particular philosophical themes. Moreover, the conspicuous polemicism of the original naturalist project has been registered and extended in the critical construction of the genre over the past century. Naturalism has always depended upon polemical reconstruction by its critics, who were themselves feeding upon the palpable polemicism of Norris, Dreiser, et. al. In chapter one, I argue that the naturalists (and their critics) have adopted a self-effacing polemical rhetoric to establish the genre as the “central marginal” figure in the American canon. By emphasizing their own otherness to the American mainstream, the naturalists were, in effect, claiming it. Then, in close examinations of works by Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and Richard Wright, I argue that the naturalists used their fiction to explore some of the most controversial political and cultural issues in modern American life. Scholars have long noticed how naturalism draws on the scientific theories of Darwin, Spencer, Sumner, Huxley, and others to challenge the prevailing Judeo-Christian cosmology. But the naturalists also charted the basic co-ordinates of a wide range of issues. So, my second chapter considers Frank Norris’s The Octopus in relation to emerging discourses of environmentalism and nascent anxieties over ecological despoliation. Chapter three considers the relationship between abortion and censorship in Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy, and argues that the “tragedy” of Dreiser’s text hinges upon our understanding how its protagonist, Clyde Griffiths, is himself a work of art. In chapter four, I argue that Native Son’s chilling protagonist, Bigger Thomas, represents a distinctly modern figure for terror, and that the novel elaborates a disturbing complimentarity between terrorism and lynching as the crime and punishment that exist outside the confines of the law. While my project considers each of these polemical debates within the cultural and intellectual climates in which they emerged, it is also an attempt to engage with these ideas in their own spirit—that is, to situate naturalistic novels, polemically, within the highly fraught contexts they helped to invent.

This dissertation argues that the crucial quality of American literary naturalism is the polemicism of its major authors and texts. Scholars have long been attuned to the “rebellious” nature of naturalism. Indeed, following the charge of H. L. Mencken (for whom naturalism constituted an aesthetic assault on the pious vacuities of Howellsian social realism), critics have been apt to frame naturalism as the national literature of disobedience. What is less than clear, however, is what, exactly, naturalism is supposed to be rebelling against. In a century of criticism, naturalism has constituted an assault on “machine industrialism” (Parrington), romantic imagination (Trilling), literary realism (Pizer), sentimentality (Lehan), regionalism and local color fiction (Campbell), feminization (Seltzer), capitalism (Benn Michaels), European aestheticism (Dudley), and patriarchal hegemony (Fleissner). My thesis builds on the assumption that the “real object” of naturalism’s rebellion is less definitive than the antinomian spirit itself. The naturalists, in short, were polemicists: naturalism is defined less by a coherent and stable philosophical orientation than by an attitude, a posture of aggressive controversy, which happens to cluster loosely around particular philosophical themes. Moreover, the conspicuous polemicism of the original naturalist project has been registered and extended in the critical construction of the genre over the past century. Naturalism has always depended upon polemical reconstruction by its critics, who were themselves feeding upon the palpable polemicism of Norris, Dreiser, et. al. In chapter one, I argue that the naturalists (and their critics) have adopted a self-effacing polemical rhetoric to establish the genre as the “central marginal” figure in the American canon. By emphasizing their own otherness to the American mainstream, the naturalists were, in effect, claiming it. Then, in close examinations of works by Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and Richard Wright, I argue that the naturalists used their fiction to explore some of the most controversial political and cultural issues in modern American life. Scholars have long noticed how naturalism draws on the scientific theories of Darwin, Spencer, Sumner, Huxley, and others to challenge the prevailing Judeo-Christian cosmology. But the naturalists also charted the basic co-ordinates of a wide range of issues. So, my second chapter considers Frank Norris’s The Octopus in relation to emerging discourses of environmentalism and nascent anxieties over ecological despoliation. Chapter three considers the relationship between abortion and censorship in Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy, and argues that the “tragedy” of Dreiser’s text hinges upon our understanding how its protagonist, Clyde Griffiths, is himself a work of art. In chapter four, I argue that Native Son’s chilling protagonist, Bigger Thomas, represents a distinctly modern figure for terror, and that the novel elaborates a disturbing complimentarity between terrorism and lynching as the crime and punishment that exist outside the confines of the law. While my project considers each of these polemical debates within the cultural and intellectual climates in which they emerged, it is also an attempt to engage with these ideas in their own spirit—that is, to situate naturalistic novels, polemically, within the highly fraught contexts they helped to invent.

Le but de cette thèse en cotutelle entre l‘Université d‘Augsbourg et l‘Université de Lorraine (Nancy) est de démontrer comment Pierre Bayle, le philosophe de Rotterdam, profite des traits caractéristiques de son Dictionnaire historique et critique. Le dictionnaire, en tant que genre littéraire, permet à l’auteur de réaliser différents buts intellectuels et moraux. Bayle a ainsi l’occasion à la fois de propager son attitude de sceptique moderne et de poursuivre son travail d’historiographe fiable et polémique.Dans un premier temps, on problématise ce qu’est un dictionnaire à l’époque de Bayle, à savoir au 17e siècle. Afin de mieux apprécier la valeur du Dictionnaire historique et critique de Bayle parmi les ouvrages de la même époque, les brèves présentations des dictionnaires précédents et contemporains de l’auteur permettent de faire le panorama de ce genre littéraire. À ce travail préliminaire se joint la description systématique des particularités du Dictionnaire de Bayle. Cette démarche contribue à faire ressortir la boîte à outils dont il se sert au gré de ses besoins afin de donner une forme appropriée à sa pensée.Dans un deuxième temps, il s’agit de démontrer comment ces traits caractéristiques contribuent à mettre en scène la pensée sceptique de Pierre Bayle. Par le biais d’une brève description du pyrrhonisme qui date de l’Antiquité grecque, il est possible de montrer quels éléments du scepticisme pyrrhonien ont perduré au temps moderne, jusqu’à quel point Bayle s’insère dans cette tradition philosophique et à partir de quel moment il la transforme en une version moderne. L’analyse détaillée d’un choix d’articles du Dictionnaire historique et critique fait ensuite ressortir une structure sceptique de l’enchaînement des arguments. Il existe alors une corrélation entre la structure et le contenu, entre le fond et la forme. Le résultat en est que la composition de l’ouvrage en articles et en remarques permet à Bayle de reprendre les fils thématiques à plusieurs endroits sans qu’il doit nécessairement pousser les réflexions à des conclusions définitives. Il laisse ainsi de nombreuses discussions en suspens et force ainsi son lecteur à élaborer ses propres réflexions. De surcroît, Bayle s’engage pour la tolérance en relativisant différents points de vue afin de montrer l’égalité de leurs forces. Son but est de favoriser la diversification des opinions et l’ouverture d’esprit de ses lecteurs, en démontrant que certains sujets ne peuvent se réduire à une opinion définitive.Outre cette structure argumentative qui provoque l’ouverture, il y a une autre forme de structuration qui tend à réaliser l’effet inverse, à savoir la version définitive des choses, ce qui est étudié dans un troisième et dernier temps. Ce concept s’oppose nettement à l’idée de l’ouverture. Il est possible de démontrer que la même forme du Dictionnaire peut être utilisée dans une finalité bien opposée à ce qu’on a vu dans le chapitre précédent. En tant qu’historien, c’est l’exactitude et l’impartialité de la documentation des faits historiques auxquelles Bayle s’attache. Lors de cette démarche, il essaie de réconcilier les sources parfois contradictoires – relatives à un même événement historique – afin de parvenir à une seule version fiable de l’histoire. Sa méthode se donne pour but de travailler à une historiographie valable et impartiale à la base de l'examen critique des sources primaires. Le choix des citations, la façon de les enchaîner ainsi que les ruses rhétoriques produisent d'abord l’impression d’une historiographie neutre. Mais en analysant en détail le texte baylien, on découvre qu'il peint une image particulière de certains événements et personnages historiques. Certes, en réunissant de nombreux aspects concernant un sujet dans ce contexte, Bayle compare diverses sources, détecte des erreurs et des falsifications et en déduit à la fin la version nécessairement logique d’un événement historique / The objective of the research project, that has been lead in a binational PhD-Track between the University of Augsburg (Germany) and the Université de Lorraine in Nancy (France), is to show how Pierre Bayle, the “philosophe de Rotterdam”, profits from the particular characteristics of his Dictionnaire historique et critique. The literacy of the dictionary enables his author to realize his idea of a reliable, valid and at the same time polemic historiography albeit he is keeping his sceptic attitude.First of all, it is necessary to define the dictionary itself in the seventeenth century, the age of French classicism, and to give a panorama of the popular lexicographic works of that time. This preliminary step is of use for the contextualization of the Dictionnaire historique et critique in the intellectual climate which has had an important influence on its author, Pierre Bayle. Afterwards, a systematic description of the characteristics of the masterpiece is given so that we can generate a better understanding for the advantages the author is gaining from those characteristics.The results of this analysis will be applied in two steps in order to show the impact that the exterior form exerts on the inner structure and the content. On the one hand, the division of the text into articles offers Bayle the opportunity to pass his sceptic ideas which are inspired by the pyrrhonian scepticism of the ancient Greece. By collecting numerous aspects concerning one single subject in the large remarks, Bayle benefits from the occasion that he is able to view it from different perspectives. At the same time, he does not have to give a fix conclusion as he would have to do at the end of a philosophical treaty, for example. This open end forces the reader to make his own reflections. Bayle shows by leaving some aspects open-ended without final answer that there are subjects on which one must suspend his judgment because different solutions are possible. This observation leads to his call for tolerance. On the other hand, the very same structure of the Dictionnaire historique et critique allows Bayle to do his work as a critic even polemic historiographer of his own lifetime. With his method, he aims at realizing a reliable and impartial historiography which is based on the critic examination of primary sources. His choice of quotations, his way of combining them and his rhetoric shrewdness might produce at first sight the impression of a neutral historiography. But by analysing in detail Bayle’s text, you discover that he passes a particular, quite often protestant image of certain historical events and personalities. Of course, Bayle collects numerous aspects concerning a subject in this context and compares the different sources, detects errors and distortion and derives at the end a final, necessarily logic, version of a historical event. Nevertheless, there are also signs which indicate that he is not as impartial as one would expect and he is also pushed by his personal motivations so that his historiographical ambitions turn polemic.All these things considered, the result is that the exterior form of the Dictionnaire historique et critique as a literary work has an important influence on the inner structure and make it even possible, in the case of Bayle, to pursue two perfectly opposite objectives. On the one hand, modern scepticism makes clear that it is necessary to abstain from judgment and from apodictic conclusions in several cases; on the other hand, Bayle is looking for the consensus in historical sources and endeavours to work on reliable historiography which has nevertheless numerous sparks of polemic partiality

As revistas femininas constituem uma instância discursiva que exerce forte influência na vida da mulher (Reyes, 2003). Estas revistas retratam, de certa forma, o papel que a mulher desempenha na sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, ajudam a moldá-lo. O presente trabalho se insere numa pesquisa que tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira a imagem da mulher tem sido (re)construída no campo do discurso midiático. Nosso trabalho se centra no gênero cartas de aconselhamento da revista CLAUDIA e visa a apreender imagens de enunciadores que atravessam os discursos das publicações das quatro últimas décadas. Como fundamentação teórica, recorremos às propostas da Análise do Discurso de base enunciativa, articulando os conceitos de dialogismo, polifonia e gêneros de Bakhtin (1979) com a noção de negação polêmica, de Ducrot (1987). A análise que conduzimos, considerando a noção de discurso como prática de linguagem socialmente constituída (Bakhtin,1979), traça um certo perfil genérico das cartas de aconselhamento e identifica enunciadores através do não de caráter polêmico. As análises apontaram cinco grandes perfis de enunciadores cujos pontos de vista puderam ser recuperados através das afirmativas subjacentes aos enunciados negativos. São eles os enunciadores tradicionalista, autônomo, subjugado, impositivo e psicanalisado. Tais enunciadores, aliados a diferentes papéis desempenhados pela mulher, revelaram que o perfil tradicionalista está atrelado à mulher enquanto esposa, apesar de tender a uma postura mais autônoma no relacionamento conjugal. O perfil subjugado se apresenta com maior incidência em relação à mulher nos papéis de mãe, de namorada e à imagem que ela tem de si própria. Já o perfil impositivo perpassa, com algumas nuanças, por quase todos os papéis de mulher, assim como o perfil psicanalisado, que remete à mulher que deseja compreender-se melhor, sejam quais forem suas práticas sociais. Estes resultados nos levaram a refletir sobre um modo de subjetivação relacionado a produção de determinados efeitos de sentido que se depreendem num processo de identificação do feminino. / Womens magazines constitute a discoursive instance which have a strong influence over womans life(Reyes,2003). They reflect, to a certain extent, upon the role a woman plays in society and, at the same time, they help to shape it. This work is inserted in a research whose objective is to investigate the way the image of women has been (re)built in the midiatic discourse field. Our object is centered on the genre advice letters in CLAUDIA magazine, aiming at aprehending images of enunciators which circulate within the discourses throughout the last four decades of its publication. As a theoretical background, we turn to the proposals of the Discourse Analysis of enunciative approach articulating Bakhtins concepts of dialogism (1979), poliphony and Ducrots polemic negation (1987). Taking the discourse notion into consideration as a language practice socially constituted (Bakhtin,1979), an analysis was carried out featuring a generic profile of advice letters and, afterwards, identifying the enunciators through the word no denouncing the polemic negation. The analysis revealed five great groups of enunciators whose points of view were recovered by the corresponding affirmatives from the negative utterances. They are the tradicionalist, autonomous, subjugated, dominating and psychoanalyzed enunciators. Such enunciators, related to the roles played by women, showed that the tradicionalist image is linked to the woman as a wife, although tending to a more autonomous attitude in the family relationship. The subjugated image features the highest frequency concerning the woman in the role of mother, girlfriend and the image she has about herself. As for the dominating one, it circulates, with some nuances, throughout almost all women social roles, as well as the psychoanalyzed image, which is associated to the woman who wishes to better understand herself, whatever her social practices are. These results have made us reflect upon a certain manner of subjectivity concerning the production of determined effects of meaning which underlie in a feminide identification process.

This study of the term politique during the French Wars of Religion (c. 1562-98) argues that it is a keyword in the sense that it is is active and actively used in French explorations of the political, in the forming and undermining of collective identities in a period of civil crisis, and in the self-fashioning gestures of a shifting political class. I sample and analyse a range of texts - from treatises that form part of the canon of early modern French political writing (such as Bodin's Six livres de la Republique [1576] and the Satyre ménippée [c. 1593]) to anonymous polemical pamphlets - all of which feature prominent uses of the term politique. Certain of these sources gave rise to a longstanding historiographical impression that politique referred, in the period, to a coherent third party in the religious wars as well as to a related kind of expertise and its practitioner. This thesis builds on and extends recent work showing that there was no such party and no one in the period who directly identified as politique. Rather than seeking to identify the 'real' politiques or to establish a corrected definition of the term as used in sixteenth-century French, I argue that the term is strikingly and increasingly mobile across the period, coming at times to refer to mobility itself in conceptions of politics and political action. Dialogue emerges in the thesis as a key conceptual arena and discursive mode for writers attempting to work out what they and others mean by the term politique. I use philological and word-historical methods to examine writers of the period who seek to determine what makes a good or bad politique, to present themselves as politique, or to condemn politiques as morally bankrupt, and - in some cases - to do all of the above in the same text. Almost every text I analyse in the thesis offers its own definition of politique, and attempts to be definitive, but I show that all these attempts to make the reader recognise the 'true' meaning of politique are extending the drama rather than concluding it.

abstract: “Trauma, Typology, and Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern England” explores the connection between the biblical exegetical mode of typology and the construction of traumatic historiography in early modern English anti-Catholicism. The Protestant use of typology—for example, linking Elizabeth to Eve--was a textual expression of political and religious trauma surrounding the English Reformation and responded to the threat presented by foreign and domestic Catholicism between 1579 and 1625. During this period of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras, English anti-Catholicism began to encompass not only doctrine, but stereotypical representations of Catholics and their desire to overthrow Protestant sovereignty. English Protestant polemicists viewed themselves as taking part in an important hermeneutical process that allowed their readers to understand the role of the past in the present. Viewing English anti-Catholicism through the lens of trauma studies allows us greater insight into the beliefs that underpinned this religio-political rhetoric. Much of this rhetorical use of typology generated accessible associations of Catholics with both biblical villains and with officials who persecuted and executed Protestants during the reign of Mary I. These associations created a typological network that reinforced the notion of English Protestants as an elect people, while at the same time exploring Protestant religio-political anxiety in the wake of various Catholic plots. Each chapter explores texts published in moments of Catholic “crisis” wherein typology and trauma form a recursive loop by which the parameters of the threat can be understood. The first chapter examines John Stubbs’s Discovery of a Gaping Gulf (1579) and his views of Protestant female monarchy and a sexualized Catholic threat in response to Elizabeth I’s proposed marriage to the French Catholic Duke of Anjou. The second chapter surveys popular and state responses to the first Jesuit mission to England in 1580. The final chapters consider the place of typology and trauma in works by mercantilist Thomas Milles in response to recusant equivocation following the thwarting of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and in Thomas Middleton’s A Game at Chess (1624) as a response to the failure of marriage negotiations between the Protestant Prince Charles and the Catholic Spanish Infanta. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1655199 bytes, checksum: 6462d535a997bbe56a265b23c61a68b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this research we analyze the antiprotestant polemic in Brazil, from the works published by Father Julio Maria De Lombaerde, whose activity in the city of Manhumirim, Minas Gerais, between 1928 and 1944, was highlighted by constant struggles with the sons of Luther . Through his writings, Father Julio Maria became nationally known as a polemist, receiving the title the hammer of Brazilian Protestantism . The antiprotestant polemic contributed to Roman Catholicism s doctrinal and social affirmation, in the context of the so-called movement of catholic restoration initiated in the 1920 s, aiming to rechristianize the nation. Understood as an exercise of representation, through the polemic against Protestantism, the Catholic Church constructed a meaning not only for its religious opponent, but for itself, affirming to be the holder of the only true and truly national faith. In the works of Father Julio Maria, in particular, Protestantism was represented through fear and mockery, having to be, at the same time, feared and despised. Based, on a great extent, on a discourse about the past, the antiprotestant polemic enters the field of historical culture, reproducing a historiography and configuring a territoriality both of representational order , aiming for the affirmation of Brazil as a catholic nation . / Nesta pesquisa analisamos a polêmica antiprotestante no Brasil, a partir das obras publicadas pelo Pe. Júlio Maria De Lombaerde, cuja atuação na cidade de Manhumirim, em Minas Gerais, entre 1928 e 1944, foi marcada por constantes embates com os filhos de Lutero . Por meio de seus escritos, o Pe. Júlio Maria tornou-se nacionalmente conhecido como polemista, recebendo a alcunha de martelo do protestantismo no Brasil . A polêmica antiprotestante contribuiu para a afirmação doutrinária e social do catolicismo romano, no contexto do chamado movimento de restauração católica iniciado nos anos 1920, orientado pelo objetivo de recristianizar o país. Entendida como exercício de representação, através da polêmica contra o protestantismo, a Igreja Católica construiu um sentido não apenas para seu adversário religioso, mas para si mesma, afirmando-se como portadora da única fé verdadeira e legitimamente nacional. Nas obras do Pe. Júlio Maria, em particular, o protestantismo era representado a partir do medo e do escárnio, devendo ser, ao mesmo tempo, temido e desprezado. Fundamentada, em larga medida, num discurso sobre o passado, a polêmica antiprotestante adentra no campo da cultura histórica, reproduzindo uma historiografia e configurando uma territorialidade ambas de caráter representacional na busca pela afirmação do Brasil como país católico .

As revistas femininas constituem uma instância discursiva que exerce forte influência na vida da mulher (Reyes, 2003). Estas revistas retratam, de certa forma, o papel que a mulher desempenha na sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, ajudam a moldá-lo. O presente trabalho se insere numa pesquisa que tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira a imagem da mulher tem sido (re)construída no campo do discurso midiático. Nosso trabalho se centra no gênero cartas de aconselhamento da revista CLAUDIA e visa a apreender imagens de enunciadores que atravessam os discursos das publicações das quatro últimas décadas. Como fundamentação teórica, recorremos às propostas da Análise do Discurso de base enunciativa, articulando os conceitos de dialogismo, polifonia e gêneros de Bakhtin (1979) com a noção de negação polêmica, de Ducrot (1987). A análise que conduzimos, considerando a noção de discurso como prática de linguagem socialmente constituída (Bakhtin,1979), traça um certo perfil genérico das cartas de aconselhamento e identifica enunciadores através do não de caráter polêmico. As análises apontaram cinco grandes perfis de enunciadores cujos pontos de vista puderam ser recuperados através das afirmativas subjacentes aos enunciados negativos. São eles os enunciadores tradicionalista, autônomo, subjugado, impositivo e psicanalisado. Tais enunciadores, aliados a diferentes papéis desempenhados pela mulher, revelaram que o perfil tradicionalista está atrelado à mulher enquanto esposa, apesar de tender a uma postura mais autônoma no relacionamento conjugal. O perfil subjugado se apresenta com maior incidência em relação à mulher nos papéis de mãe, de namorada e à imagem que ela tem de si própria. Já o perfil impositivo perpassa, com algumas nuanças, por quase todos os papéis de mulher, assim como o perfil psicanalisado, que remete à mulher que deseja compreender-se melhor, sejam quais forem suas práticas sociais. Estes resultados nos levaram a refletir sobre um modo de subjetivação relacionado a produção de determinados efeitos de sentido que se depreendem num processo de identificação do feminino. / Womens magazines constitute a discoursive instance which have a strong influence over womans life(Reyes,2003). They reflect, to a certain extent, upon the role a woman plays in society and, at the same time, they help to shape it. This work is inserted in a research whose objective is to investigate the way the image of women has been (re)built in the midiatic discourse field. Our object is centered on the genre advice letters in CLAUDIA magazine, aiming at aprehending images of enunciators which circulate within the discourses throughout the last four decades of its publication. As a theoretical background, we turn to the proposals of the Discourse Analysis of enunciative approach articulating Bakhtins concepts of dialogism (1979), poliphony and Ducrots polemic negation (1987). Taking the discourse notion into consideration as a language practice socially constituted (Bakhtin,1979), an analysis was carried out featuring a generic profile of advice letters and, afterwards, identifying the enunciators through the word no denouncing the polemic negation. The analysis revealed five great groups of enunciators whose points of view were recovered by the corresponding affirmatives from the negative utterances. They are the tradicionalist, autonomous, subjugated, dominating and psychoanalyzed enunciators. Such enunciators, related to the roles played by women, showed that the tradicionalist image is linked to the woman as a wife, although tending to a more autonomous attitude in the family relationship. The subjugated image features the highest frequency concerning the woman in the role of mother, girlfriend and the image she has about herself. As for the dominating one, it circulates, with some nuances, throughout almost all women social roles, as well as the psychoanalyzed image, which is associated to the woman who wishes to better understand herself, whatever her social practices are. These results have made us reflect upon a certain manner of subjectivity concerning the production of determined effects of meaning which underlie in a feminide identification process.

Este estudo tem por proposta apresentar questões concernentes ao debate radiofônico, de modo a caracterizá-lo e, ainda, posicioná-lo na escala de discussão polêmica criada por van Eemeren e Grootendorst (1983/2004), observando a constituição argumentativa intrínseca a esse gênero, também no que se refere à sua estrutura e relação com os atos de fala. Amparamo-nos na teoria da Pragmadialética, a qual considera, sobremaneira, a importância dos atos de fala para a solução da disputa em um diálogo, avaliando os movimentos discursivos entrelaçados com a argumentação, além de criar os conceitos de modelo de discussão crítica e de código de conduta para as discussões argumentativas. Para observarmos a aplicabilidade da teoria, selecionamos um corpus que consta de discursos radiodifundidos, composto de programas do quadro intitulado \"Liberdade de expressão\", veiculados pela Rede CBN, do qual participam os jornalistas Heródoto Barbeiro, Carlos Heitor Cony e Artur Xexéo. / The purpose of this study refers to the debate in the radio, to characterize and relate it to the pragma-dialetical theory, by van Eemeren e Grootendorst (1983/ 2004), especially by means of argumentation and speech acts. This theory considers the importance of the speech acts in argumentative discussions as well creates the notions of critical discussions and a code of conduct for reasonable discussants. In order to apply this theory, we select a corpus of radio transmitted discourse: a show named \"Liberdade de expressão\" from CBN, with Heródoto Barbeiro, Carlos Heitor Cony and Artur Xexéo.