京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第24719号 / 地博第311号 / 新制||地||120(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 玉田 芳史, 教授 片岡 樹, 准教授 中西 嘉宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

<p>Med anledning av att flera kriser av extraordinära slag har inträffat i fredstid har förmågan att hantera dessa fått stor uppmärksamhet. Ett exempel är stormen Gudrun som lamslog delar av Sverige i januari 2005. För att kunna hantera sådana kriser behövs en fungerande beredskap och här har kommunerna en viktig roll. Om kommunerna har en väl utvecklad krisberedskap kan samhället bättre klara av en kris. Genom utvärderingar och erfarenheter från kriser har det visat sig att samverkan mellan kommuner är av stor betydelse för en god krisberedskap. Därmed är det av intresse att studera hur en sådan kan utvecklas mellan kommuner. Vilka faktorer är viktiga för att samverkan ska utvecklas? Är ömsesidig förståelse mellan kommunerna av betydelse? Vilken vikt har förtroende och tillit för samverkan? Inverkar geografin och demografin på kommuners samverkan? Påverkas samverkan av resursberoende och ekonomiska faktorer? Vilken betydelse har politiska beslut för kommuners samverkan? Detta är uppsatsens fokus där samverkan mellan fem kommuner kring krisberedskap studeras med stöd av policynätverksteori med kollektiv handling.</p><p>Studien visade bland annat att faktorer såsom geografisk närhet, demografi, ekonomi och resursutbyte var viktiga för samverkan och skapandet av policynätverk bland de fem kommunerna. Även en samstämmig problemdefinition, förtroende och en ömsesidig förståelse mellan aktörerna inbegreps som betydelsefulla liksom regelverk samt Krisberedskapsmyndigheten (KBM) och Länsstyrelsen i Östergötland.</p> / <p>Through several crises of extraordinary nature in peacetime the capacity of emergency management has been brought up on to the agenda. Recently, in year 2005, Sweden faced a big storm named Gudrun that caused total devastation. In order to cope with crises like Gudrun a proficient emergency management has shown to be essential in which municipalities have a fundamental function. With a well developed emergency management at the local level society is better equipped to manage crises. According to research on and experiences from crises, cooperation and networking among municipalities is crucial for an efficient emergency management. Consequently there is an interest in studying how cooperation between municipalities can develop within the area of emergency management. Which factors are important for the development of cooperation? Is mutual understanding among the actors important? Which implications do trust and confidence have upon cooperation? Are resource dependencies and economic factors central for the shaping of policy network? Do the geographic and the demographic characterise municipalities’ cooperation? Do political decisions have any significant role in the shaping of policy network? This is the focus of the essay where cooperation between five municipalities in emergency management is studied using policy network theory with collective action.</p><p>The essay shows that geographical, demographically and economical factors as well as resource dependencies are important for cooperation and the development of policy networks among the five municipalities. Also important were a common foundation, trust and a mutual understanding between the actors. Additionally, new regulations and two authorities – Swedish Emergency Management Authority (SEMA) and the County administrative board of Östergötland – also influenced the cooperation in a positive way.</p>

Ricerca sperimentale sulla valutazione della performance nei servizi pubblici. Il lavoro è articolato in due parti: nella prima, dopo una ricognizione internazionale della letteratura e delle principali esperienze della misurazione, gestione e valutazione della performance, viene costruito e argomentato un framework sperimentale per la valutazione della performance dei network pubblici. La seconda sezione presenta uno studio di caso sperimentale per validare il framework. Lo studio di caso ha in oggetto il policy network per la gestione del PTDAR dei pazienti con lesione midollare. Viene considerato come network il territorio regionale e unità di analisi è collocata a livello micro in un unità dipartimentale: Unità Spinale Unipolare. Il framework risulta consistente e promettente per la valutazione dei policy network per le cure integrate. / Experimental case study design for the performance evaluation of health care public services. The thesis is broken down into two main parts: the first part deals with the performance framework construction wherein the international theoretical literature and experiences realized are retrieved and discussed. The second part deliveries an experimental case study design to validate the framework proposed. The case studies focuses on the integrated care pathway for persons whit spinal cord injury/dysfunction. The policy network sets out the Regional policy making and the unity of analysis is a Spinal Unit specialized centre. The framework proved to be consistent and adapted for evaluating policy network for integrated care.

All Norwegian regions are represented with permanent offices and are engaged in different activities in the EU capital. This thesis investigates the regional and network level of EU policy-making, and asks the questions of what Norwegian regions are doing in Brussels; if are they are able to influence EU policy; and what effect participation in transnational policy networks have on their abilities to influence EU policy. To answer this, it applies a theoretical framework comprised of multi-level governance and the policy network approach to conduct an analysis of empirical data collected through interviews with different actors in Brussels. The present thesis argues that participation in transnational policy networks improve Norwegian regions' abilities to influence EU policy through being 'representations of scale'.

The Motor Group of the European Council was commissioned in the autumn of 1997 to prepare a proposal for a new European Bus and Coach Directive. In the beginning, most of the Member States did not have the accessibility requirements as their main concern; still a smaller network with actors from the National delegations from Britain, Germany and Sweden would influence the other National delegations in the Council group to finally agree to retain the requirement of accessibility of the Directive. Within the EU decision process, the European Disability movement acted as a strong player during the whole negotiation process using the proposal to a new Bus and Coach Directive as a tool to influence key actors to go towards a Directive with a strong approach for accessibility. Policy Transfer and Policy Transfer Network are used as analytical tools to understand and structure the transfer of the question of accessibility during the negotiation process. Actors understanding how the bureaucratic process works within the EU decision system have a chance to contributing for the changes in the directions they wishes for within a range of policy areas. The principal aim of the Directive was to guarantee the safety of passengers and to provide technical prescription in particular to wheelchair users. In the end it turned out to be one of the most successful achievements for the European Disability movement in history.

Les ONG font partie intégrante du paysage médiatique, dans le cadre duquel elles cherchent souvent à se présenter comme les artisans d'une meilleure prise en compte des aspirations des populations. Mais qu'en est-il réellement, notamment au niveau international ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon dont les ONG tentent de faire connaître leurs points de vue aux Organisations Intergouvernementales (OIG), et de les inciter à adopter des résolutions allant dans le sens de leurs convictions, pour les plus puissantes et les mieux introduites d'entre elles. Nous avons confronté les résultats obtenus en matière d'influence aux principes développés par les démocrates délibératifs qui voient en elles les instruments de l'idéal délibératif en raison de leur aptitude à communiquer et à travailler en réseaux. D'un point de vue méthodologique, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'analyse des réseaux de politique publique afin de préciser les ONG qui s'appuient sur le même socle de principes et de convictions et qui travaillent ensemble de façon suffisamment régulière pour que l'on puisse parler de stratégie commune. Afin de compléter cette analyse, nous avons réalisé une trentaine d'entretiens semi-directifs et dépouillé 300 communiqués de presse. Pour chacune des Organisations que nous avons étudiées (OMC, OMS, OMPI), nous avons tenté de préciser dans quelles circonstances et dans quel contexte les ONG sont parvenues à exercer une influence qui s'est traduite par une institutionnalisation de leurs idées. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que les ONG influentes empruntent bien davantage aux groupes d'intérêt et à la conception pluraliste de la démocratie qu'aux idéaux délibératifs. Ce faisant, elles contribuent à améliorer la transparence des décisions internationales et parviennent dans certains cas à modifier l'agenda politique. A un niveau plus général, cette étude permet de revenir sur l'activité de plaidoyer des ONG internationales et de montrer à quel point les opportunités qui s'offrent à elles diffèrent d'un forum à l'autre. / NGOS are willing to present themselves as key actors whose involvement in the decision making process would ensure consideration of populations' expectations. We wondered if they pushed their ideas in international fora accordingly with the principles developed by deliberative democrats, some of whom present NGOs as the mainspring of deliberation at a large scale. To answer this question, we studied the way NGOs (at least the most powerful among them) push their ideas towards international organizations in order to influence their resolutions. Methodologically speaking, we focused on public policy network analysis to be able to identify a group of principle-based NGOs following a common strategy. To complete this analysis, we realized 30 semi-directive interviews and studied 300 press releases. For each of the three organizations we analysed (WTO, WHO, WIPO), we tried to specify the context and the circumstances in which NGOs' activities leaded to an institutionalization of their ideas. We concluded that influential NGOs behave more as interest group and pluralist democrats than as deliberative ones. They contribute to implement international decision making's transparency. In certain cases, they are also able to shape political agendas. At a more general level, this study points out INGOs' advocacy activities and shows the differences in IGOs'openess towards private actors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCC.pdf: 1255100 bytes, checksum: f56beba0f6e0c5c6ab4fd8495a0a8523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-19 / In a very complex sector like the milk it is important to discuss the Govern action. This issue has been discussed very hard in all international meetings about trading. In the Brazilian case its possible to visualize two different periods of Government action, the regulation and the self-regulation. So, the processes between these periods has caused different kind of impacts to the actors. Among all the problems created are the exclusion of milk producers, workers and cooperatives. The main issue of this work are the changes happened in the beginning of ninety years, when the Government stopped regulating the milk sector. Another objective is to describe and analyze the formation of the milk policy network in the São Paulo state considering the institutional environment and the governance structure. The object of analyze is the milk policy network, the unit of analyze is the negotiation among the actors and the variable of analyzes are the power resources (constitutional, policy, financial, organizational, technological and juridical). / No caso brasileiro observam-se claramente dois períodos distintos com relação ao modo de regulação do setor lácteo, a regulação estatal e a auto-regulação. Existe, portanto, um processo de desregulamentação de mercado causando impactos variados a todos os atores do setor, além de conseqüências estruturais significativas. Dentre os problemas observados estão a nova estrutura de oportunidades criada e a exclusão de muitos atores, tais como pecuaristas, cooperativas, trabalhadores, entre outros. O tema central da presente dissertação é a desregulamentação do mercado lácteo nacional, tendo como foco a produção leiteira e as negociações que se desenvolvem no estado de São Paulo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar o processo de formação da rede de poder láctea paulista a partir das negociações dos atores envolvidos, do ambiente institucional constituído e da estrutura de governança estabelecida. Os recursos de poder (constitucionais, políticos, financeiros, tecnológicos, organizacionais e jurídicos) foram identificados nas fontes primárias e secundárias e descritos em ordem cronológica de modo a servirem de base para a análise da formação da rede de poder láctea paulista. A partir dos recursos de poder o presente trabalho buscou entender as mudanças estruturais da rede de poder láctea no estado de São Paulo, fundamentadas nos processos de busca e detenção dos mesmos entre os atores lácteos paulistas. Neste processo de análise, além de evidenciar o processo de formação da rede láctea paulista, foi possível mostrar os aspectos econômicos e políticos mais relevantes da desregulamentação estatal ocorrida durante a década de 90.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-13T11:12:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liviaferreirateixeira.pdf: 3699313 bytes, checksum: 1d8ed98b986acd9c264a4f377dea8436 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Renata, esta palavra "minas" é com letra minúscula mesmo? on 2016-01-25T17:28:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T17:34:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liviaferreirateixeira.pdf: 3699313 bytes, checksum: 1d8ed98b986acd9c264a4f377dea8436 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T19:39:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 liviaferreirateixeira.pdf: 3699313 bytes, checksum: 1d8ed98b986acd9c264a4f377dea8436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T19:39:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 liviaferreirateixeira.pdf: 3699313 bytes, checksum: 1d8ed98b986acd9c264a4f377dea8436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Este trabalho pretende analisar as Câmaras do Ultramar no que diz respeito a sua rede de comunicação política. Mais especificamente, o local de análise será a Câmara da cidade de São João Del Rei no século XVIII, então cabeça da Comarca do Rio das Mortes. Aqui se pretende entender, com a análise das cartas enviadas e recebidas pela referida instituição, quais eram as demandas dessa região durante o período de 1722 a 1750. Para possibilitar tal pesquisa as correspondências enviadas e recebidas pela Câmara do referido local surgem como fontes a serem privilegiadas. Pretende-se analisar o teor dessas comunicações, a frequência com que aconteciam, seus produtores e receptores, as vias de circulação dessa correspondência, os assuntos de maior recorrência para que, desse modo, se possa entender a dinâmica dessa instituição no que diz respeito a sua rede de comunicação local e com o Reino de Portugal. / This Project intends to analyze the Assembly of Ultramar on what its about communication network. More specific, the place of analyzes will be the Assembly of the city of São João Del Rei at XVIII century, until then head of Comarca do Rio das Mortes. It meant to understand, in research with letters that have been sent and received by referred institution, which was demand of this location during the period between 1722 and 1750. To make this research possible the letters that has been sent and received by the Assembly in the referred placed come as a privileged source. The letters can be found with codices of Municipal Assembly of São João del Rei Archive available in Baptista Caetano de Almeida Municipal Library. More specific it is intend analyze the content of theses communication, the frequency, its producers and receptors, the way where these letters were moved, the more frequently subjects for, in this way, be studied the dynamic of this institution what it means about its local and Portugal’s kingdom networks.

The environmental, social, and economic value of Indonesia’s tropical forests has generated extensive interest and scrutiny, both local and global. International stakeholders are heavily involved in Indonesian forest policies, including in the issue of deforestation, both because of their immense interest in the Indonesian environment, and because of Indonesia’s lack of development capacity. Many of domestic and international stakeholders participating in the policy-making processes with regard to Indonesian forests have discrete views and concerns. A successful policy would be one that meets all the requirements of all such actors. This study was conducted to analyze the policy process including some questions about Indonesia’s policies for the prevention of deforestation: 1. ‘When are such policies formed?’, 2. ‘Who is involved in the policy-making process?’, 3. How are the resulting policies implemented?’ Appropriate research methods and analysis frameworks for the examination of policy processes were developed for this study and were applied to Indonesia’s deforestation prevention policies. The current study interviewed 72 of the 114 people who were involved in the policy-making process identified through this study, to analyze the means and motives that are involved in the policy-making process and to ascertain the respondents’ interactions with the other actors. The environmental contexts of the development of guidelines were examined by analyzing the streams of problems, politics, and policies through the Multiple Streams Framework to assess the manner in which the current Indonesian deforestation prevention policies have been established. Subsequently, the actors involved in the policy-making processes and the interactions between them were identified to create a structure of the policy network. Further, the parties that exert a significant influence on the deforestation prevention policy were identified. The characteristics of this policy network were confirmed, and the general network was classified into the Relation Network, Information Network and Trust Network. The result of the analyses reveals that the situation pertaining to the deforestation of Indonesian tropical forests has not substantially improved, even though the problem of forest degradation has been recognized in Indonesia for a long time now. The burden of environmental duties demanded from Indonesia by the international community has increased. As Indonesia has transformed politically from a long-standing military regime to a democratic government, its municipalities have gradually been strengthened and various levels of stakeholders including regional governments, NGO, and the private sector, have become actively invested in Indonesian policy-design. At the same time, international attention, and demand for preserving Indonesian forests have become more specific. Indonesia operated through a powerful presidential system and its president exerts much authority over the country’s society. In such a situation, the Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY)’s announcement at the G20 Summit in 2009 opened the Policy Window. President SBY declared that Indonesia would reduce emissions of greenhouse gas up to 41% 2020. This proclamation received much attention from both domestic and international groups, and led to sweeping changes in Indonesia’s forest policy. In all three of the above-mentioned sub-networks, the overwhelmingly powerful influence of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the main policy designer of the Indonesian deforestation prevention policy, was confirmed. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry was found to obtain the highest centrality value in the Relation Network and the gap between this actor and the other policy actors was extremely wide. However, the centrality value of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry was relatively low in the Information and Trust Networks, and this centrality was distributed to the other actors. These outcomes imply that not only the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, but also other organizations such as intergovernmental organizations and academic organizations contribute relevant information with regard to the policy, that the information dependency and trust of the other actors are decentralized, and that these other actors primarily depend on and trust international donors (e.g., World Bank, UN-REDD+ Task Force) and academics who are also interested actors in the formation of the forest policy of Indonesia. Many of the interested actors, especially intergovernmental organizations, academic organizations, NGOs, have access to the policy network of Indonesia’s deforestation prevention policy without any significant barriers. Hence, this policy network may be termed an open system. However, the internal policy actors are judged to be rigid in terms of their systems. The policy network for deforestation prevention has also emerged as a partially vertical hierarchy, as the Indonesian central government’s powerful initiative leads and directs the policy network along with a small number of other influential bodies. According to the classification of policy network types proposed by Marsh and Rhode (1992), the policy network for the prevention of deforestation in Indonesia may be described as an Issue Network with a vertical hierarchy.

<p>This thesis was successfully defended on January 15, 2014 at McMaster University.</p> / <p>Understanding why policies change is an important pursuit for researchers and policy-makers alike. Research evidence is one of many possible factors that encourage or constrain policy change, as is the role of ‘networks’ of policy actors. Despite extensive empirical literature on each of evidence-informed health policy and policy networks, the two have rarely been studied together, particularly in low-income country policy environments. This thesis explores both of these variables in a broader structural context of institutions, interests and ideas. Concepts and approaches from social network analysis are applied to three distinct research questions and chapters with the objective to: 1) develop and test a conceptual framework for the integration of networks, institutions, interests and ideas as major variables explaining policy change; 2) test the relationship between policy network structure (closure and heterogeneity) on the use of research evidence and innovation across the three cases; and 3) model the factors that influence the formation of an evidence exchange relationship between policy actors, and the effect of those exchanges on actor-level use of research evidence. Taken together, the findings of this dissertation present persuasive support for adopting a network lens to study evidence-informed health policy and policy change.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)