Resumo: O grande desenvolvimento obtido pela suinocultura brasileira deve-se, principalmente, à intensificação dos sistemas produtivos implicando em aumento da densidade, restrição de espaço, da movimentação, além da melhoria genética e nutricional. Animais com elevadas taxas de ganho de peso e eficiência alimentar são, cada vez mais, confinados e alimentados com dietas contendo maior densidade de nutrientes. A adoção de sistemas confinados de produção tem trazido, entretanto, graves problemas operacionais como a concentração de dejetos e o considerável aumento do uso de água para limpeza das instalações. Para solucionar tal problema é importante a utilização de técnicas simples e com baixo custo de instalação, como por exemplo, o sistema inovador de alagados construídos para o tratamento de águas residuárias provenientes da suinocultura. Por outro lado, há técnicas difundidas há bastante tempo, como exemplo, as lagoas de estabilização, pioneiras no Brasil. A composição e o volume das águas residuárias oriundas da suinocultura têm relação direta com o manejo dos dejetos adotado. A adoção de sistemas de manejos de resíduos de forma mais racional evita a perda de água, permitindo uma produção ambiental mais justa com baixo custo. 2 Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma análise econômica detalhada entre os sistemas de alagados construídos, tipo combinado e lagoas de estabilização, do modelo facultativa, em função de seis tamanhos de granjas de terminação e dois manejos aplicados nos dejetos (manejo úmido x manejo seco). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de alagados construído combinado, operando com manejo seco dos dejetos, foram as hipóteses que apresentaram os melhores índices econômicos, ou seja, os menores custos de implantação, anual, por suíno e por quilograma de carne produzida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The great Brazilian pig breeding development was done due to the intensification of productive systems with density increase, space restriction and movement, and also genetic and nutritional improvement. Animals with high weigh gain rate and feed efficiency are restricted and feed with high density nutrient diet. However, a restricted production system has brought severe operational problems such as dregs concentration and an increase necessity to use water to keep the installations clean. In order to solve this problem, is important to use simple techniques and low cost installations, for example the innovator system called combine wetlands, to treat the pig breeding waste water. On the other side, techniques used for a long time such as facultative pond was pioneer in Brazil. The components and volume of waste dreg water from pig breeding have a direct relation with the adopted dreg management system. The adoption of a rational dreg management system avoids water waste allowing an environmental fair production with low production cost. This work developed a detailed economical analysis between the constructed wetland system, model combine and stabilization pond, type facultative, in function of six pig end raising grange size and two dreg management systems (alternative x conventional). The results showed the constructed wetlands working with dried dejects management system the hypothesis with best economic indexes, such as a lower implementation cost, annual cost, cost per animal and per kilogram of produced meat and also required the smaller recommended area. At pig end raising granges with wet dejects management, lower implementation cost, annual cost, cost per animal and per kilogram of produced meat was found on stabilization ponds type facultative, however this technique requires big areas to be used. / Orientador: Marco Antônio Martin Biaggioni / Coorientador: Ana Beatriz Rocha de Castro Lopes / Banca: Maura Tsutsui Seiko Esperancini / Banca: Maria Elizabeth A. de Oliveira / Mestre

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T16:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruy Albuquerque Tenorio.pdf: 1252954 bytes, checksum: 22102b0108c4a2924fe2415bbb661ee6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T16:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruy Albuquerque Tenorio.pdf: 1252954 bytes, checksum: 22102b0108c4a2924fe2415bbb661ee6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-20 / This work was accomplished at Estação de Piscicultura de Paulo Afonso, belonging to the Hidro-Electric Company of San Francisco (CHESF) (09o 22’38 S and 38o13’58 W), Paulo Afonso, BA, in the period from fevereiro/2001 to fevereiro/2002. It had the objective to study the aspects of reproductive biology of the niquim Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 and to evaluate the growth performance of its offspring, during the early life phases under different environmental conditions. This work offers subsidies for the propagation of the species in the natural environment, i.e dams and rivers and for the commercial pond-net culture in the reservoirs of CHESF. The growth of the niquim was investigated during the early life phases under different conditions of lightness (100, 50 and 0% of light). In each condition two alimentary approaches were used: plankton + balanced food and branconeta (Dendrocephalus brasiliensis) + food (in the ration of 1:1, in volume), each one with two replications. In the first experimental trials twelve incubators were used (capacity of 80 liters), for the photoperiod treatments associated to the diet type. Each incubator receaved 200 offsprings. Soon after, the growth was evaluated in pond-nets, with those fingerlings that presented better growth in the in the previous experimental conditions. One treatment was done with three repetitions. Here, it were used three pond-nets of 1m3, in which each were placed l30 juveniles, for 248 days of cultivation. In order to verify the statistical difference among the growth of the niquins in the different conditions of brightness and food, it was used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with the significance level of 5%. Informations on the aspects of the reproductive biology of the niquim were obtained from bibliographical references and from the experimental results caried out along the present work. The results indicate that the mainly period of reproductive activity of the niquim happens between September to March (83,24% of the spawnings total number). In SL treatment (without light) it was observed the best length performance, with averages of 71.25 + 8.10 mm and 74.70+5.95 mm, for the alimentary approaches plankton+food and (food+branconeta), respectively. In the present work, niquim reached the average weight of 101.77+ 20.70 g, in248 culture days. According to the results, it was concluded that the brightness influences the growth of the niquim during the embryological early phases, and with 10 cm of length , (around 20 grams), it can be realeased safely in large reservoirs and starting hight densities cultivation in pond-net, with meshes up to 12 mm. / O presente trabalho foi realizado na Estação de Piscicultura de Paulo Afonso da Companhia Hidro-Elétrica do São Francisco (CHESF) (09o 22’38’’S e 38o13’58’’W), Paulo Afonso, BA, no período de fevereiro/2001 a fevereiro/2002, e teve como objetivo estudar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e avaliar o crescimento da progênie durante as fases ontogênicas iniciail do niquim Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876, em diferentes condições ambientais.Esse trabalho oferece subsídios que viabilizam a sua propagação no ambiente natural, ou seja, nos reservatórios das hidrelétricas do rio São Francisco e na piscicultura comercial.Investigou-se o crescimento do niquim durante as fases ontogênicas iniciais, em diferentes condições de luminosidade (100, 50 e 0% de luz). Em cada condição, utilizaram-se dois critérios alimentares: plâncton + ração balanceada e branconeta (Dendrocephalus brasiliensis) + ração (na proporção de 1:1, em volume), com duas réplicas, cada uma. Nessa primeira etapa experimental, foram utilizadas 12 incubadoras (com capacidade de 80 litros), para os tratamentos com fotoperíodo associado ao tipo de dieta. Cada incubadora foi estocada com 200 larvas. Em seguida, avaliou-se em tanques-rede o crescimento (mm) e o peso (g), dos alevinos que obtiveram melhor desempenho na etapa anterior. Nessa etapa, utilizaram-se três tanques-rede de 1m3, cada um deles contendo l30 alevinos, durante o período de 248 dias de cultivo. Para avaliar o crescimento dos niquins nas diferentes condições de luminosidade e alimento, utilizou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) ao nível de significancia de 5%. Os dados sobre aspectos da biologia reprodutiva do niquim foram obtidos por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos e dos resultados experimentais realizados ao longo do presente trabalho. Os resultados indicam que o período de maior atividade reprodutiva do niquim ocorre entre setembro e março (83,24% das desovas). No tratamento “SL” (0% de luminosidade), houve a melhor performance de comprimento, com médias de 71,25±8,10 mme 74,70±5,95 mm, para os critérios alimentares 1 (plâncton+ração) e (ração+braconeta), respectivamente. No presente trabalho, o niquim alcançou o peso médio de 101,77+ 20,70 g, em 248 dias de cultivo. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que a luminosidade influencia o crescimento do niquim durante as fases ontogênicas iniciais, e que com 10 cm de comprimento (aprox. 20g), pode-se com segurança realizar o peixamento nos reservatórios e iniciar o cultivo em tanques-rede com malhas de até 12 mm, em densidades maiores.

Este trabalho experimental apresenta os resultados da avaliação do desempenho de uma instalação piloto, composta por reator UASB seguido de lagoa aerada aeróbia e lagoa de decantação, no tratamento dos esgotos afluente a ETE - Jundiaí, que contém elevada contribuição de despejos industriais. O reator UASB e a lagoa de decantação tem volume útil de 3,0 m3 e 2,0 m3, respectivamente. O volume da lagoa aerada aeróbia é variável entre 7,2 m3 e 21,6 m3 de modo a permitir variar o tempo de detenção hidráulica. O sistema foi avaliado em termos da eficiência de remoção de DQO, DBO5, sólidos suspensos, nitrogênio total, fósforo total e cor verdadeira para tempos de detenção hidráulica na lagoa aerada aeróbia variando entre 1,0 e 3,5 dias mantendo, tanto no reator UASB quanto, na lagoa de decantação o tempo de detenção constante em 8,0 horas e 1,8 dia, respectivamente. O sistema completo apresentou uma eficiência de remoção de DQO total entre 85% e 87%, de DBO5 total entre 92% e 96%, de SST entre 81% e 87%, de SSV entre 80 e 88%, de nitrogênio total entre 55 e 57%, de fósforo total entre 60 e 70% e de cor verdadeira entre 50 e 60%, para tempos de detenção hidráulica na lagoa aerada aeróbia variando entre 1,5 e 3,5 dias. O reator UASB foi responsável pela remoção de cerca de 50% da DQO total, 60% da DBO5 total e 40% dos SST do afluente, operando em média com um tempo de detenção hidráulica de 8,0 horas. As eficiências alcançadas no sistema completo produziram um efluente final com uma concentração de DQO total entre 170 e 230 mg/L, de DBO5 total entre 30 e 60 mg/L, de SST entre 30 e 45 mg/L, de SSV entre 24 e 40 mg/L, de nitrogênio total entre 24 e 28 mg NH3/L, de fósforo total entre 3,5 e 5,5 mg P/L e de cor verdadeira entre 375 e 600 mg Pt/L. O sistema pesquisado mostrou-se uma alternativa viável para o tratamento do esgoto afluente à ETE - Jundiaí e poderá resultar em redução da área e em menor consumo de energia que os hoje necessários na ETE - Jundiaí, que emprega um sistema composto por lagoas aeradas aeróbias seguidas de lagoas de decantação. / This experimental investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of a pilot plant, composed of an UASB reactor followed by an aerated lagoon and a settling pond, treating the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Jundiaí city (WWTPJ) influent sewage, which contains in its composition an expressive amount of industrial effluents. The UASB reactor and settling pond have an useful volume of 3.0 m3 and 2.0 m3, respectively. The aerated lagoon volume is variable from 7.2 m3 to 21.6 m3 to make possible the hydraulic retention time variation. The COD, BOD5, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and true colour removal efficiencies of the system were evaluated when the aerated lagoon hydraulic retention time varied from 1.0 to 3.5 days and in the UASB reactor and settling pond was mainteined constant at 8.0 hours and 1.8 day, respectively. The range of removal efficiencies obtained in the system are: 85 - 87% for total COD, 92 - 96% for total BOD5, 81 - 87% for TSS, 80 - 88% for VSS, 55 - 57% for total nitrogen, 60 - 70% for total phosphorus, and 50 - 60% for true color, when the aerated lagoon hydraulic retention time varied from 1.5 to 3.5 days. The UASB reactor operating at 8.0 hours hydraulic retention time removes almost 50% of total COD, 60% of total BOD5 and 40% of TSS from the influent contents. The system performance lead to a final effluent with a total COD, total BOD5, TSS, VSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and true color concentrations in the range of: 170 - 230 mg/L, 30 - 60 mg/L and 30 - 45 mg/L, 24 - 40 mg/L, 24 - 28 mg N/L, 3,5 - 5,5 mg P/L and 375 - 600 mg Pt/L, respectively. The system studied is a practicable alternative for the treatment of the WWTPJ influent sewage, probably with less area and energy saving whem compared to the WWTPJ current needs, which uses a system composed by an aerated lagoon followed by a settling pond

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The absence of treatment and improper disposal of effluents contribute to the deterioration of receiving water bodies. However, among the proposed alternatives for post-treatment of wastewater ponds are to lemnas. These lagoons are capable of capturing the nutrients sewage efficiently and reduce a large amount of suspended solids Also act by inhibiting algae, and generate biomass rich in protein, which has utilities such as animal feed and fertilizer. This research aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the treatment of domestic sewage pond lemnas in two phases, with different hydraulic retention time (HRT). This pond, in phase I, operated with influent volume of 75 liters/day and HDT of 5, 10 and 15 days, while phase II, the volume was increased to 140 liters/day TDH was decreased to 2.7, 5.4 and 8.0 days. The structure of the pond lemna had a volume of 1,125 m3 and surface area of 2.25 m2 (total depth of 0.6 m, 0.5 m water depth, length of 1.5 m and width 1.5 m). Therefore, during the two phases of this research the following parameters were monitored: the wastewater - temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (P), coliforms thermotolerant in macrophyte - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), biomass and crude protein (%). The treatment system performance as presented in polishing domestic wastewater, following the removal efficiency of organic and nutrient load: 80% (phase I) and 66% (phase II) for BOD5, 83% (phase I) and 34% (phase II) for P. The lemnas converts these nutrients into biomass rich in proteins with an average grade of CP% from 27.93%. The production of protein in lemnas throughout the experiment was: 355 g (LMN1), 367 g (LMN2) and 370 g (LMN3). Notably, the ability of the system to treat these waters was higher in phase I, which has the greatest TDH. The presence of algae genus Uronema was found, as well as the competition with these lemna study, but after the modifications aimed at mitigating the temperatures this competition was controlled. With this study, it was possible to evaluate the post-treatment of domestic wastewater, the limiting factors for this system and the biomass of Lemna valdiviana Phil., under the climatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Ba. Finally, we conclude that there is potential for nutrient recovery of these waters, as well as reuse of biomass produced as a possible source of animal feed and income. / A aus?ncia de tratamento e a disposi??o inadequada de efluentes dom?sticos contribuem para a deteriora??o de corpos receptores. Por?m, dentre as alternativas propostas para o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias est?o as lagoas de lemnas. Essas lagoas s?o capazes de captar nutrientes do esgoto com efici?ncia, bem como, reduzir uma grande quantidade de s?lidos em suspens?o. Tamb?m atuam na inibi??o de algas, e geram biomassa rica em prote?nas que tem utilidades como ra??o animal e adubo. Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade avaliar e comparar a efici?ncia do tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos da lagoa de lemnas, em duas fases distintas, e com diferentes tempos de deten??o hidr?ulica (TDH). Essa lagoa, na Fase I, operou com volume de afluente de 75 litros/dia e TDH de 5, 10 e 15 dias, enquanto que na Fase II, o volume foi aumentado para 140 L/d e TDH foi diminu?do para 2,7, 5,4 e 8,0 dias. A estrutura da lagoa de lemna apresentou um volume de 1125 m3 e ?rea superficial de 2,25 m2 (profundidade total de 0,6m, profundidade da ?gua 0,5 m, comprimento de 1,5 m e largura 1,5 m). Para tanto, durante as duas fases dessa pesquisa foram monitorados os seguintes par?metros: na ?gua residu?ria - temperatura, pH, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO5), oxig?nio dissolvido (OD), s?lidos suspensos totais (SST), f?sforo (P), coliformes termotolerantes; na macr?fita ? nitrog?nio (N), f?sforo (P), produ??o de biomassa e prote?na bruta (%). O sistema de tratamento apresentou como desempenho no polimento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, a seguinte efici?ncia de remo??o de carga org?nica e nutriente: 80% (Fase I) e 66% (Fase II) para DBO5; 83% (Fase I) e 34% (Fase II) para P. As lemnas converteram esses nutrientes em biomassa rica em prote?nas com teor m?dio de PB%, de 27,93%. A produ??o de prote?na em lemnas durante todo o experimento foi de: 355g (LMN1), 367g (LMN2) e 370g (LMN3). Notadamente, a capacidade do sistema em tratar essas ?guas foi maior na Fase I, com maior TDH. A presen?a de algas do g?nero Uronema foi constatada, bem como a competi??o dessas com a lemna em estudo, mas ap?s as modifica??es que visaram amenizar as temperaturas essa competi??o foi controlada. Com a realiza??o deste estudo, foi poss?vel avaliar o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, os fatores limitantes para esse sistema e a produ??o de biomassa de Lemna valdiviana Phil., sob as condi??es clim?ticas de Feira de Santana, Ba. Enfim ? poss?vel concluir que, h? potencial de recupera??o de nutrientes dessas ?guas, assim como de reaproveitamento da biomassa produzida, como poss?vel fonte de alimenta??o animal e de renda.

<p>Stormwater run-off from surfaces such as roads or rooftops is often polluted with heavy metals and nutrients. Many of these substances can cause great damage in biota if they end up in the recipient. In Sweden constructed wetlands and ponds for treatment of stormwater are frequently used, since research has shown that these treatment ponds are reducing stormwater pollution considerably to a low cost. The knowledge of these pollutant removal mechanisms and how follow-up and assessment of the ponds should be performed is still limited.</p><p>To determine the pollutant removal efficiency of the stormwater ponds it is recommended that flow-weighted water samples are collected from both the inflow and the outflow of the pond. This method demands considerable resources of time and money for installations and analysis. Alternative methods for assessing pollutant removal are requested, methods with lower costs but relevant results. This thesis is investigating whether sediment sampling could be such an alternative.</p><p>Sediment core samples were taken in four stormwater ponds where flow-weighted water sampling has been performed as well. This makes it possible to compare the two methods. A method of sampling recently sedimented material was also tried out by constructing and placing sediment traps on the pond floor. Analysis of concentration of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and phosphorus were carried out.</p><p>The results show i.e. that the concentrations of heavy metals and phosphorus in the pond sediments decrease as the distance from the pond inlet increase. Comparing the two methods shows that the results from the sediment sampling are in the same order of magnitude as the results from the water sampling. Consequently, the conclusion states that a well executed sediment sampling may be an alternative to flow-weighted water sampling.</p> / NOS dagvatten

Ten high mountain ponds in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, were studied from June through September 1992 to investigate the influences of fluctuating pond volumes on zooplankton communities. A temporary pond of short wet phase duration was inhabited by zooplankton taxa with short generation times and a crustacean taxa with the ability to encyst as drought-resistant resting bodies at immature stages of development. Relative to permanent ponds, rotifer densities typically were low in temporary ponds, although Brachionus urceolaris was abundant shortly before the ponds dried. High volume loss was associated with declining populations of crustaceans. Daphnia rosea was not present in the crustacean communities of temporary ponds after fall recharge. Deep-permanent ponds had slower copepod development and two additional large bodied crustacean taxa relative to shallow-permanent ponds. Because of their small sizes and sensitivity to environmental change, ponds such as these may provide an early signal of changes in aquatic systems from global warming. / Graduation date: 1994

In urban areas, stormwater management ponds (SWPs) are built to mitigate polluted runoff. Although these ponds are increasing in numbers, their ecology is not well understood. Physical and chemical characteristics of 17 SWPs in the City of Ottawa were measured to determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass (Chl. a) and primary production (PP). While total phosphorus was the best predictor of algal biomass in the ponds (as in lakes), the imperviousness of the catchment could also predict Chl. a. Planktonic PP in two ponds measured seasonally was more closely related to water residence time than to nutrient concentrations with rates approaching at times the theoretical maximum for aquatic systems. In one pond, whole ecosystem metabolism, estimated using diel changes in dissolved oxygen and δ18O-O2, suggested that these hypereutrophic systems were net sinks for carbon in the summer but likely sources to the atmosphere at other times of the year.

Stormwater run-off from surfaces such as roads or rooftops is often polluted with heavy metals and nutrients. Many of these substances can cause great damage in biota if they end up in the recipient. In Sweden constructed wetlands and ponds for treatment of stormwater are frequently used, since research has shown that these treatment ponds are reducing stormwater pollution considerably to a low cost. The knowledge of these pollutant removal mechanisms and how follow-up and assessment of the ponds should be performed is still limited. To determine the pollutant removal efficiency of the stormwater ponds it is recommended that flow-weighted water samples are collected from both the inflow and the outflow of the pond. This method demands considerable resources of time and money for installations and analysis. Alternative methods for assessing pollutant removal are requested, methods with lower costs but relevant results. This thesis is investigating whether sediment sampling could be such an alternative. Sediment core samples were taken in four stormwater ponds where flow-weighted water sampling has been performed as well. This makes it possible to compare the two methods. A method of sampling recently sedimented material was also tried out by constructing and placing sediment traps on the pond floor. Analysis of concentration of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and phosphorus were carried out. The results show i.e. that the concentrations of heavy metals and phosphorus in the pond sediments decrease as the distance from the pond inlet increase. Comparing the two methods shows that the results from the sediment sampling are in the same order of magnitude as the results from the water sampling. Consequently, the conclusion states that a well executed sediment sampling may be an alternative to flow-weighted water sampling. / NOS dagvatten

Vernal pools are small, seasonally filling wetlands found throughout forests of north eastern North America. Vernal pools have been proposed as potential 'hot spots' of carbon cycling. A key component of the carbon cycle within vernal pools is the decomposition of leaf litter. I tested the hypothesis that leaf litter decomposition is more rapid within vernal pools than the adjacent upland. Leaf litter mass losses from litterbags incubated in situ within vernal pools and adjacent upland habitat were measured periodically over one year and then again after two years. The experiment was carried out at 24 separate vernal pools, over two replicate years. This is a novel degree of replication in studies of decomposition in temporary wetlands. Factors influencing decomposition, such as duration of flooding, water depth, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured. Mass loss was greater within pools than adjacent upland after 6 months, equal after 12 months, and lower within pools than adjacent upland after 24 months. This evidence suggests that vernal pools of Central Ontario are 'hot spots' of decomposition up to 6 months, but not after 12 and 24 months. In the long term, vernal pools may reduce decomposition rates, compared to adjacent uplands.

No description available.