臉書（ Facebook ）顛覆了行銷方式與社群傳播行為。本研究探討臉書之粉絲專業貼文與粉絲間的互動關係。以智慧鐵人創意競賽為個案，分析貼文發布時間、發布星期，貼文字數，貼文類型(圖像、連結、純文字、影片、影片連結)及貼文內容分類(評價性、資訊性、 娛樂性、利益性)五項變因與貼文互動關係 。期望了解哪些變因能提升貼文的互動力，使貼文更有成效達成擴散。 本研究採集 2014 年10月 1 日至 2017 年 10 月 31 日期間之 1119 篇貼文作為研究樣本。取按讚、留言、分享數各前 10% 之110 篇貼文進行量化與質化分析。最後取前 3 % 的貼文(共三十篇)，耙梳文本全文，找出吸引使用者互動的共通模式。 統計分析發現，貼文發布時間、發布星期及貼文類型，沒有差異，但 601 - 800 字貼文互動效果較其他字數組別佳，具有顯著差異。而在內容文本分析方面，當貼文內容中有行動訴求，與使用者使用相同語言，以及藉由共同經歷營造社群感，能提升貼文互動力；而當貼文類型為影片或連結時，貼文內容如過於簡短單調則會降低貼文互動力。 / An interactivity analysis of Facebook posts - a case study of the fan page of the Intelligent Ironman Creativity Contest Abstract Facebook is a social networking service launched on February 5, 2004. It also started the new era of media and promotion. However, how to write a post is close related to the effectiveness on interaction with readers. This in term affects the influence of the post. This thesis used data from Intelligent Ironman Creativity Contest, analyzed post time (2 hrs duration in a day), post days (Monday to Sunday), number of words (every 200 words up to 1200), post type (photo, link, Status, video and share video) and post content (evaluative, Informative, entertainment, profitable). The result could be useful guidelines in managing fan page for high school and creativity related activities This research collects 1119 posts from October 1st, 2014 to October 31st, 2018 as samples. We use 110 posts which is the top 10% posts with highest number of like, post, share as the base for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Finally, we examine the content of the top 3% posts and find the common pattern for attract readers. The results show that there is significant effect on post time, post day and post type. But posts with words from 600 to 800 are the most effective than other number of words. When the post types are video and link, short explanation is not enough. If there are action requests, reader costumed phrases or shared memories in the post, the post is very effective in interaction with readers. Key Words：interactivity analysis of Facebook posts, Educational activities, Intelligent Ironman Creativity Contest

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different irrigatins on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with RelyX U200. Eighty single-rooted premolars were sectioned at 14 mm from the apex, prepared with ProTaper Universal system until F3 instrument, and filled with F3 master cone and AH Plus sealer. Root canal filling was partially removed, remaining 4 mm of guta-percha at the apical third. Specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10), according to the irrigant used during root canal preparation and before fiber post cementation (dentin surface treatment), as described: SS: 0,9% saline solution (control group); CHX: 2% chlorhexidine; 1%NaOCl: 1% sodium hypochlorite; 2,5%NaOCl: 2,5% sodium hypochlorite; 5%NaOCl: 5% sodium hypochlorite; 1%CaOCl: 1% calcium hypochlorite; 2,5%CaOCl: 2,5% calcium hypochlorite; e 5%CaOCl: 5% calcium hypochlorite. For each group, irrigation was performed continuously with 2ml. Exacto N2 glass fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200. The specimens were sectioned providing 3 slices, one for each root third and the push-out test was performed. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the failure mode. Bond strength means were calculated and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. SS showed higher mean of bond strength values (11.47MPa), than all NaOCl and CaOCl groups, which showed similar values to CHX (7.56Mpa ± 2:47). Adhesive failures at cement/dentin interface were predominant (58.33%). NaOCl and CaOCl negatively affect the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentine when cemented with sef-adhesive resin cement; however the concentration of NaOCl and CaOCl did not affect this outcome. / Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes soluções irrigadoras sobre a resistência adesiva de pinos de fibra de vidro, cimentados com cimento autoadesivo RelyX U200. Foram utilizados 80 pré-molares inferiores humanos tiveram a coroa seccionada, padronizando-se o comprimento da raiz em 14 mm. Os condutos foram instrumentados com o sistema rotatório ProTaper até o instrumento F3, obturados com cimento endodôntico AH Plus e cones de guta-percha F3 do mesmo sistema, pela técnica do cone único. Os condutos foram desobturados até 10mm de profundidade, mantendo-se os 4mm apicais da obturação. As raízes foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em 8 grupos (n=10), de acordo com a solução irrigadora utilizada previamente à cimentação dos pinos: SS: solução salina 0,9% (grupo controle); CHX: clorexidina 2%; 1%NaOCl: hipoclorito de sódio 1%; 2,5%NaOCl: hipoclorito de sódio 2,5%; 5%NaOCl: hipoclorito de sódio 5%; 1%CaOCl: hipoclorito de cálcio 1%; 2,5%CaOCl: hipoclorito de cálcio 2,5%; e 5%CaOCl: hipoclorito de cálcio 5%. Para cada espécime, a irrigação foi realizada com 2ml da solução a cada troca de instrumento. Os pinos de fibra de vidro do Sistema Exacto Translúcido n02 foram silanizados e cimentados com o cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U200. As raízes foram seccionadas na máquina de corte, de forma a obter 3 slices por espécime, sendo 1 slice para cada terço radicular. A seguir, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de push-out na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC. Para análise do padrão de falha, os espécimes foram analisados com microscopia óptica. A média de resistência adesiva de cada espécime foi calculada. Testes ANOVA e Bonferroni foram utilizados para analisar as diferenças entre os grupos. O grupo SS demonstrou a maior média de resistência adesiva, sendo superior aos grupos NaOCl e CaOCl (P <0.05), nos quais apresentaram valores semelhantes ao grupo CHX (7.56Mpa ± 2.47). As falhas adesivas cimento/dentina foram predominantes (58.33%). Concluímos que SS parece ser a solução mais adequada para limpeza do canal radicular previamente à cimentação de pinos de fibra cimentados com cimento autoadesivo RelyX U200. NaOCl e CaOCl diminuíram os valores de resistência adesiva dos pinos de fibra à dentina radicular e suas diferentes concentrações não afetaram este resultado.

Rapporten undersöker vilka faktorer i influencers sponsrade inlägg på Instagram som påverkar studenters attityder gentemot influencers. Vidare undersöks hur influencer marketing påverkar studenters köpintentioner. Vald metod för undersökningen är en kvantitativenkätundersökning med 72 respondenter bestående av studenter på Högskolan i Borås. Resultatet visar att faktorer som påverkar studenters attityder gentemot influencers är hur ofta sponsrade inlägg publiceras, vilken typ av produkt eller tjänst som marknadsförs och om förmåner som rabattkoder inkluderas i det sponsrade inlägget. Vidare visar resultatet att studenters köpintentioner påverkas positivt om om det inkluderas rabattkoder i det sponsrade inlägget och om produkten eller tjänsten marknadsförs på ett tilltalande sätt enligt konsumenten. Därtill påverkas studenters köpintentioner positivt genom att de via sponsrade inlägg på Instagram lägger märke till produkter de tidigare inte haft kännedom om. Slutligen väljer studenter att köpa av influencers sponsrade inlägg då de litar på influencerns omdöme och förväntar sig därför att produkten eller tjänsten är bra. / This report examines the effects of influencer marketing on student attitudes and purchase intentions. The study focuses on the effects of influencers sponsored posts on their Instagram account. Its purpose is to identify the factors in sponsored Instagram posts that affect students attitudes towards influencers as well as to identify how it affects consumer purchase behaviours. The method used was a quantitative survey with 72 participants consisting of university students attending University of Borås. The results showed that factors affecting student attitudes towards influencers was frequency of posting, the type of product being advertised and different benefits included in the offer, such as discount codes. The results also showed that students purchase behavior is mainly affected by discounts and by how the product is being advertised. Students also claimed that their purchase behaviour is affected by the fact that the sponsored posts makes the consumer aware of a product that they did not know of previous to seeing the post. Lastly, consumer purchase behaviour is also affected positively because consumers claim to trust the influencers judgement and therefore believe that the product will hold a certain level of quality or standard. This study is written and conducted in Swedish.

The Stolpersteine memorial art project commemorates individual Holocaust victims by placing small brass plates outside the last known place they freely lived or worked. To date around 70,000 of these ‘stones’ have been laid across 24 countries, making it the largest decentralised monument in the world. The work grows by virtue of community action from relatives, neighbours and activists. This paper examines how the memorial form functions in a specific context. An ‘unofficial' version has been running in Vienna since 2005, termed Stones of Remembrance. It shares key characteristics with Stolpersteine but the approach in the Austrian capital is distinctly different, with local interpretations. This case study into the Vienna experience investigates public response to these stones drawing on research material that includes interviews with specific stakeholders and the general public who encounter them on a day to day basis. It highlights Austria’s role in the Holocaust, and struggle to belatedly come to terms with its complicity in what happened on local streets. Key questions are whether placing history at a neighbourhood level engages the public more actively than centralised state actions? How do people understand and engage with these pieces and are they effective sites of memory, reflection or imagining? Public response in Vienna suggests that memorial stones might be valuable communication tools not only for remembering the past, but for the present too - as reminders of past abuses that can serve as warnings for the future. As an example of a participatory approach to memory work Stones of Remembrance / Stolpersteine can have relevance as a communication for development and social change tool, with potential application in other post conflict contexts.

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The East Vaal area of the South African Post Office is faced with a high rate of teller absenteeism, which has been observed to be as high as 15 per cent. This adds to the cost of providing quality service to the company’s customers. The objectives of this study are to determine the factors that lead to the high rate of absenteeism in the East Vaal area and to make recommendations to the area management that could improve the attendance behaviour of the tellers in the area. To achieve these objectives, 51 questionnaires were prepared and handed out to the tellers with absenteeism rates of more than three percent in the East Vaal area to be completed. Face-to-face interviews with both the tellers and their branch managers were conducted. Absenteeism records and Employee Assistance Programme reports were also studied to collect more data. The findings highlighted lack of rewards for employees who reported for work regularly; employee illness; no recognition for good work performance; tellers receiving insufficient remuneration for their work; poor working conditions; and poor management style as the main reasons for the tellers taking unscheduled leave of absence. Based on the key findings, the main recommendations were that appropriate mechanisms for acknowledging and rewarding good work performance and attendance behaviour should be in place; a sick-leave pool system accessible to tellers should be introduced; establishment of performance evaluation and rewards for tellers; and introducing management practices which lead to a more open expression of opinion and participatory problem-solving / Business Management / Thesis (M.Tech. (Business Management))

Social media are online accommodations where users can interact with other users, which has become a phenomenon that has grown and completely exploded over the past decade. Companies are well aware of this and has invested a large amount of resources in order to establish a better contact with their customers. Companies have several different fields of applications with social media such as gathering information, promotion, communicating with customers and reach out to desired audience effectively. Millennials are the generation who most frequently use social media and also grown up during the phenomenon's development. Previous research has shown that companies have had difficulties in reaching out to the millennial generation. This thesis purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of how companies can use social media to facilitate the segmentation process and effectively reach out to the millennial generation. Therefor two research questions have been established. The two research questions have been answered with assistance from relevant theory and research in the subject area. A case study was applied for the study, where the data was gathered from two focus groups discussing the social media platform Facebook. Each focus group consisted of eight participants within the millennial generation containing basic knowledge in marketing. The study’s result indicates millennials to follow (and thereby self-segment themselves) influential profiles they have a personal interest towards. However, Facebook is not the platform where the millennials follow these profiles. The study also indicates the best way to capture millennials interest on Facebook is through short, humorous videos with an interest capturing beginning. The study’s results also show millennia’s have a low interest in interacting with companies on Facebook. / Sociala medier är onlineplatser där personer kan interagera med varandra. Detta fenomen har vuxit i en accelererande fart under de senaste decenniet och fångat stort intresse hos företag som lägger massiva resurser på att få en bättre kontakt med sina kunder. Företag har åtskilda användningsområden av sociala medier, som till exempel att samla kundinformation, marknadsföra sig, kommunicera med kunder och att nå ut till en önskad målgrupp. Millennials är den generationen som flitigast använder sociala medier och har växt upp under fenomenets utveckling. Tidigare forskning visar att företag har haft svårigheter med att nå ut till millennial generationen. Denna uppsats syfte är därför att ge en djupare förståelse om hur företag kan använda sig av sociala medier för att förenkla segmenteringsprocessen och nå ut till millennial generationen. För att få en djupare förståelse inom område, har vi formulerat två forskningsfrågor. Forskningsfrågorna har i sin tur blivit besvarade med ståndpunkt i relevant teori och forskning inom området. Studien utfördes som en fallstudie, där informationen samlades in från två fokusgrupper som diskuterade Facebook. Vardera fokusgrupp bestod av åtta deltager inom millennial generationen, med grundläggande marknadsförings kunskaper. Studiens resultat indikerar på att millennial generationen följer (och där igenom själv-segmenterar sig själva) inflytande profiler de finner ett personligt intresse för. Dock är Facebook inte den plattform de använder för att följa dessa profiler. Vidare indikerar studien att det bästa sättet att fånga millennial generationens intresse är genom en kort, roligt video, där något intressant händer under de första sekunderna. Studiens resultat visar även att millennial generation inte har något större intresse av att interagera med företag på Facebook.

L’histoire de la médicalisation de la maternité en Chine reste encore mal connue et ce mémoire constitue une amorce pour tenter de défricher ce riche et vaste terrain. Il examine dans quel cadre et dans quelle mesure la prise en charge de la maternité des femmes chinoises a évolué au sein des postes médicaux consulaires français du sud de la Chine (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), de l’arrivée des premiers médecins en 1898, jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en 1938. Il démontre comment a pu se traduire l’œuvre médicale française en matière de prise en charge de la grossesse, de l’accouchement et des soins à donner au nouveau-né dans les établissements de santé consulaires, et tente de voir jusqu’à quel point, pourquoi et dans quels domaines précisément l’offre de soins à l’occidentale proposée par les Français dans ces régions a pu atteindre les futures et nouvelles mères chinoises. / The history of medicalization of maternity in China is still poorly understood and this master thesis is a first step in the attempt to clear this rich and vast ground. It examines the context in which and to what extent the care of the Chinese women’s maternity has evolved in the French medical consular posts of Southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), from the arrival of the first doctors in 1898 until the eve of the Second World War in1938. It demonstrates how the French sanitary mission took care of pregnancy, childbirth, and new-born health in the consular health establishments, and attempts to see how far, why, and in what areas specifically the Western health care proposed by the French in these regions could have reached the future and new Chinese mothers.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana Mongruel Gomes.pdf: 3752517 bytes, checksum: 6acad02e468853d81d1d9172fd003844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-20 / The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of the influence of the resin cement thickness (RCT) on bond strength (BS) and gap formation (GF) between glass fiber post (FP) and root dentin and 2) to evaluate the BS and fracture resistance (FR) of restorative techniques for filling oversized root canals. In experiment 1, the roots of 24 mandibular premolars (n=8 per group) were endodontically treated. After one week, the post spaces were prepared depending on the post adaptation inside the root canal, simulating an ideal adaptation (IdAd),medium adaptation (MeAd) and inadequate adaptation (InAd). All posts were cemented with Excite® DSC and Variolink® II. After a week of cementation, the RCT and GF were measured with the Image Tool software version 3.0, and the BS by the push-out test. In experiment 2, the roots of 84 mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and, after a week, the conduits were prepared in order to simulate an oversized root canal, except for the positive control group (PC), which was cemented one prefabricated fiber post (PFP) with the diameter compatible with the conduit. In the other oversized root canals, alternative restorative techniques for filling root canals were tested: NC - negative control (PFP with a smaller diameter than of the root canal), PA - PFP + accessory posts, DAP – direct anatomical post,IAP – indirect anatomical post and RR – root reinforcement with composite resin. All posts were cemented with the same adhesive system and resin cement. After indirect composite crowns cementation, the teeth were submitted to mechanical fatigue (1.2 X 106 cycles, 40 N) before the push-out BS test (n=8) and the FR test (n=6). The data of experiments 1 and 2 were analyzed by ANOVA and paired test (α=0.05). The experiment 1 showed that the smaller RCT resulted in better fiber post adhesion, that is, higher BS and lower GF. The experiment 2 showed that the use of direct and indirect anatomical posts resulted in the best performance both in BS and FR tests,and must be the first choice for FP cementation in flared roots with oversized root canals. Therefore, we concluded that the post adaptation to root canal affected significantly its retention. The better the post adaptation, the better the laboratory results. However, in the absence of this ideal condition, the use of direct and indirect anatomic posts should be the first choice for restoring flared root canals. / Os objetivos deste estudo foram 1) avaliar o efeito da influência da espessura de cimento resinoso (ECR) na resistência de união (RU) e na formação de gaps (FG) entre pino de fibra de vidro (PFV) e dentina radicular e 2) avaliar a RU e resistência à fratura (RF) de técnicas restauradoras para preenchimento de canais radiculares excessivamente alargados. No experimento 1, as raízes de 24 pré-molares inferiores (n=8 por grupo) foram tratadas endodonticamente. Após uma semana, os condutos foram preparados em função da adaptação do pino no canal radicular, simulando uma adaptação ideal (AdId), média (AdMe) e inadequada (AdIn). Todos os pinos foram cimentados com Excite® DSC e Variolink® II. Uma semana após a cimentação, a ECR e a FG foram mensuradas com o software Image Tool versão 3.0 e a RU por meio do teste de push-out. No experimento 2, as raízes de 84 pré-molares inferiores foram tratadas endodonticamente e, após uma semana, realizou-se o preparo dos condutos, de maneira a simular um canal radicular excessivamente alargado, com exceção do grupo controle positivo (GCP), em que foi cimentado um pino préfabricado (PPF) com calibre compatível ao diâmetro do conduto. Nos outros condutos alargados, técnicas restauradoras alternativas de preenchimento dos canais radiculares foram empregadas: GCN – grupo controle negativo (PPF de diâmetro inferior ao conduto), GPA – PPF + pinos acessórios, GAD – pino anatômico direto, GAI – pino anatômico indireto e GRR – reforço radicular com resina composta + PPF. Todos os pinos foram cimentados com o mesmo sistema adesivo e cimento resinoso. Após cimentação de coroas de resina indireta, os dentes foram submetidos à fadiga mecânica (1,2 x 106 ciclos, 40 N) antes de realizar o teste de RU (n=8) e de RF (n=6). Os dados do experimento 1 e 2 foram analisados por ANOVA e teste pareado (α=0,05). O experimento 1 mostrou que quanto menor a ECR melhor a adesão dos PFV, ou seja, maior a RU e menor a FG. O experimento 2 mostrou que o uso de pinos anatômicos diretos e indiretos mostrou o melhor desempenho nos testes de RU e RF, e deve ser primeira opção para cimentação de PFV em canais radiculares alargados. Portanto, foi evidenciado que a adaptação do pino ao conduto radicular influenciou significativamente na retenção dos mesmos; quanto mais justa,melhores resultados laboratoriais. Entretanto, na ausência desta condição ideal, o uso de pinos anatômicos diretos e indiretos pode ser a primeira escolha do clínico para tratamento de canais excessivamente alargados. Palavras-chave: cimentos resinosos, dentina radicular, gap, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, pinos de fibra, raízes enfraquecidas, resistência à fratura, resistência de união.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Johanna Lizbeth Cuadros Sanchez.pdf: 3888267 bytes, checksum: abbdebf22c3a3a8b49c91f6bc734b34d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Abstract: Luting of posts inside the root canal is still a challenge because of the difficult to bonding mainly in the apical third. The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of the application of 3 simplified total-etch adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 Ambar, and XP-Bond+self-cure activator) under manual mode or sonic vibration on the push-out bond strength (POBS), silver nitrate uptake (SNU) and in situ degree of conversion (ISDC) associated to resin cement when used for luted posts. Methods: The roots of 66 human premolars were prepared and divided into six groups (n=11), according to the following combination: adhesive and application mode. The posts were cemented in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions of each cementation system. After water storage, the roots were sectioned transversely into six slabs and it were tested in POBS (0.5mm/min). Two roots for group were data were immersed in 50% silver nitrate, photo-developed and analyzed by SEM to measure the SNU. Two roots for group were evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy to measure ISDC. The data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's tests (5%). Results: When sonic application was performed, usually there are a significantly increasing on the POBS (MPa) (35% and 37% respectively) and ISDC (%) (14% and 38% respectively in the medium and apical thirds) and decreasing of SNU (%) for all groups mainly in the medium (64% decreasing) and apical (84%) thirds when compared with manually application (P < 0.05). / Resumo: A cimentação de pinos dentro do canal radicular ainda é um desafio por causa das dificuldades relativas à adesão, principalmente no terço apical. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da aplicação de três sistemas adesivos convencionais simplificados (Adper Single Bond 2, Ambar e XP-Bond + self cure ativator) manualmente ou através de um dispositivo sônico vibratório na resistência de união por push-out (RU), na infiltração de nitrato de prata (NI) e no grau de conversão in situ (GC) associado ao cimento resinoso de cada fabricante, quando utilizado para cimentação de pinos. Métodos: As raízes de 66 pré-molares humanos foram preparadas e divididas em seis grupos (n = 11), de acordo com a seguinte combinação: adesivo/cimento e modo de aplicação. Os pinos foram cimentados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante de cada sistema de cimentação apenas variando o modo de aplicação. Depois do armazenamento em água, as raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente em seis fatias e foram testados em RU (0,5 mm/min). Duas raízes por grupo foram imersas em 50% de nitrato de prata, e após revelação, foram analisadas por MEV para medir a NI. Duas raízes por grupo foram avaliadas por espectroscopia de micro-Raman para medir GC. Os dados foram analisados por análise de variância de 3 fatores de medidas repetidas (terço radicular) e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: Quando a aplicação sônica vibratória foi utilizada, em geral, se observou um aumento significativo na RU (MPa) (35% e 37% respectivamente) e GC (%) (14% e 38% respectivamente nos terços médio e apical) e diminuição da NI (%) para todos os grupos, principalmente nos terços médio (redução de 64%) e apicais (84%) quando comparada com a aplicação manual (p <0,05) e este fenômeno ocorreu para todos os sistemas adesivos/cimentos testados.