L’histoire de la médicalisation de la maternité en Chine reste encore mal connue et ce mémoire constitue une amorce pour tenter de défricher ce riche et vaste terrain. Il examine dans quel cadre et dans quelle mesure la prise en charge de la maternité des femmes chinoises a évolué au sein des postes médicaux consulaires français du sud de la Chine (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), de l’arrivée des premiers médecins en 1898, jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en 1938. Il démontre comment a pu se traduire l’œuvre médicale française en matière de prise en charge de la grossesse, de l’accouchement et des soins à donner au nouveau-né dans les établissements de santé consulaires, et tente de voir jusqu’à quel point, pourquoi et dans quels domaines précisément l’offre de soins à l’occidentale proposée par les Français dans ces régions a pu atteindre les futures et nouvelles mères chinoises. / The history of medicalization of maternity in China is still poorly understood and this master thesis is a first step in the attempt to clear this rich and vast ground. It examines the context in which and to what extent the care of the Chinese women’s maternity has evolved in the French medical consular posts of Southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), from the arrival of the first doctors in 1898 until the eve of the Second World War in1938. It demonstrates how the French sanitary mission took care of pregnancy, childbirth, and new-born health in the consular health establishments, and attempts to see how far, why, and in what areas specifically the Western health care proposed by the French in these regions could have reached the future and new Chinese mothers.

The East Vaal area of the South African Post Office is faced with a high rate of teller absenteeism, which has been observed to be as high as 15 per cent. This adds to the cost of providing quality service to the company’s customers. The objectives of this study are to determine the factors that lead to the high rate of absenteeism in the East Vaal area and to make recommendations to the area management that could improve the attendance behaviour of the tellers in the area. To achieve these objectives, 51 questionnaires were prepared and handed out to the tellers with absenteeism rates of more than three percent in the East Vaal area to be completed. Face-to-face interviews with both the tellers and their branch managers were conducted. Absenteeism records and Employee Assistance Programme reports were also studied to collect more data. The findings highlighted lack of rewards for employees who reported for work regularly; employee illness; no recognition for good work performance; tellers receiving insufficient remuneration for their work; poor working conditions; and poor management style as the main reasons for the tellers taking unscheduled leave of absence. Based on the key findings, the main recommendations were that appropriate mechanisms for acknowledging and rewarding good work performance and attendance behaviour should be in place; a sick-leave pool system accessible to tellers should be introduced; establishment of performance evaluation and rewards for tellers; and introducing management practices which lead to a more open expression of opinion and participatory problem-solving / Business Management / Thesis (M.Tech. (Business Management))

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This study evaluated the effect of different types of luting cement and post configuration on the bonding to intra-radicular dentin in different depths. One hundred and twenty roots received endodontic treatment and were post space preparation for fixation of glass fiber post in the configurations: serrated/parallel Reforpost X-Ray (S); and smooth/conical Exato Cônico (L). The posts were fixed with cements: RelyX ARC (ARC), RelyX Luting 2 (LU), RelyX Unicem (UN), Maxicem (MAX) and Cement-Post (CP). The roots were sectioned transversally, getting two disks of 1mm of thickness for third of the root portion: cervical (C), medium (M) and apical (A), and submitted to the micropush-out test with speed of 0.5mm/min. The bond strength values (MPa) were submitted to the analysis of variance in scheme of subdivided parcel and Tukey test (p0.05). There was significant difference among the cements types (p<0.0001), among the localizations (p<0.0001) and the interaction cement x localization was significant (p<0.0001). The post configuration did not influence the bond strength values. The cements LU and UN presented the highest values of bonding in all extension of root dentin. The cements ARC and CP presented similar bonding values in cervical third, however, the bond strength decreased in the crown-apex direction for the ARC. The cement MAX presented the lowest values of bonding. / Este estudo avaliou o efeito do tipo de cimento de fixação e da configuração de retentores intra-radiculares na adesão à dentina intra-radicular em diferentes profundidades. Cento e vinte raízes receberam tratamento endodôntico e foram aliviadas para fixação de retentores intra-radiculares de fibra de vidro nas configurações: serrilhado/paralelo Reforpost X-Ray (S); e liso/cônico Exato Cônico (L). Os pinos foram fixados com cimentos: RelyX ARC (ARC), RelyX Luting 2 (LU), RelyX Unicem (UN), Maxicem (MAX) e Cement-Post (CP). As raízes foram seccionadas transversalmente, obtendo-se 2 discos de 1mm de espessura por terço da porção radicular aliviada: cervical (C), médio (M) e apical (A), e submetidos ao teste de micropush-out com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os valores de resistência adesiva (MPa) foram submetidos à análise de variância em esquema de parcela subdividida e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa entre os tipos de cimentos (p<0,0001), entre as localizações (p<0,0001) e a interação cimento x localização foi significativa (p<0,0001). A configuração do pino não influenciou nos valores de resistência adesiva. Os cimentos LU e UN apresentaram os maiores valores de adesão em toda extensão da dentina radicular. Os cimentos ARC e CP apresentaram valores de adesão no terço cervical semelhantes, contudo, a resistência adesiva decresceu no sentido coroa-ápice para o ARC. O cimento MAX apresentou os menores valores de adesão. / Mestre em Odontologia

The national curriculum and the School Act emphasize the importance of establishing partnerships between schools and local businesses. The formation of partnerships was expected to be facilitated by the decentralization reforms that took place in the beginning of the 1990’s. These reforms gave schools and municipalities greater scope for adjusting education to meet local circumstances. However, central government has not made financial resources available for stimulating the establishment of school-business partnerships, nor does it penalize municipalities that do not set up such partnerships. The questions in focus in this study are: why do partnerships arise, how are they organised and what factors are important in achieving a partnership which can function in practice? Urban regime theory is applied to explain why collaborations occur and policy network theory is used to analyse how they are organised. A further aim of the study is to examine whether the partnerships can be defined as urban regimes. The study was based on case studies of four upper secondary schools in Sweden, each in a different municipality. These municipalities are all industrialized, but the structure of their industrial base varies. Two are dominated by one or a few major companies whereas the others are characterized by the predominance of many small businesses. The study focuses on how three vocational study programmes – industry, electricity and building - collaborate with local businesses. The study shows that the main explanation of why a partnership arises is that both partners believe that they can gain something by collaborating. For schools, the main reason for establishing a partnership with business is a belief that this will make the vocational education programmes more attractive for pupils. Through partnerships, schools can get access not only to practical experience for their pupils, but also help from business with developing the content of courses and some financial contributions. However, the economic benefits are of limited importance compared with the perceived gains in terms of the development of the educational content of the courses. This goes against results from studies in other countries. For business, it is particularly important to be able to influence decisions about the content of local education. By doing so, they hope to ensure that the pupils, after having completed their education, will enter the local labour market with more relevant qualifications. My research shows that several requirements have to be present for a successful partnership to be established. First, there must be a commitment and firm intentions from both partners. Second, size of the businesses involved in the partnerships is important for how they are organized. Larger businesses tend to see the partnership from a more long term perspective. However, it is also possible to organize collaborations with smaller businesses if they can be united under a common organisation. Third, specific actors make a difference in the partnerships. Devoted and interested key actors who are closely associated with the partnership are very important for the continuity of the partnership The study suggests that urban regime theory and policy network theory are useful for understanding why and how partnerships between schools and businesses are established and retained. However, it can not be concluded that these collaborations in themselves are urban regimes at a more local level. This would require that their focus was much more long-term.

No description available.

Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur inlägg på Instagram som presenterar en nyfödd bebis utformas språkligt och visuellt. Avsikten är att se om det finns vissa språkliga mönster som är återkommande och därmed kan utgöra en egen genre. Studien utgår från tre forskningsfrågor vilka är: Hur presenteras den nyfödda bebisen i Instagraminläggen, och hur skiljer sig inläggen åt vad gäller presentationen av flickor och pojkar? Hur beskriver Instagramanvändaren förlossningsupplevelsen i presentationen? Resultatet av de första frågorna leder sedan in på studiens sista fråga vilken är: Vilka genredrag i inläggen kan ses som obligatoriska? Materialet som ligger till grund för studien är 110 Instagraminlägg som alla innehåller en presentation av en nyfödd bebis samt en beskrivning av förlossningsupplevelsen. Eftersom det är Instagraminlägg som materialet bygger på, analyseras både skrift och bild för att se hur dessa samverkar och tillsammans skapar betydelse. Studiens teori och metod utgår från socialkonstruktivismen, den kritiska diskursanalysen och genreanalys tillsammans med språkvetenskapliga metoder för skrift och bildanalys.  Resultatet visar att inläggen, både vad gäller skrift och bild, följer fler språkliga mönster som går att koppla till en egen genre. Många av dessa språkliga drag går även att dra historiska kopplingar till vad gäller hur födelseannonser i dagstidningar utformats. Den komponent som har visat sig vara allra vanligast är att avslöja barnets kön i presentationen, vilket sker både genom pronomen och av kvinnligt och manligt könade benämningar. När det kommer till hur  förlossningsupplevelsen beskrivs kan det konstateras att vara intim och privat är en viktig komponent vilket studien kopplar är ett nytt språkligt drag som har med den digitala presentationen att göra.

This paper investigates the perception of dark posts in influencer whitelisting (IWL) and their impact on consumers’ trust compared to other forms of sponsored content on social media. The study employed a mixed-methods approach involving a survey with open-ended questions to gather data from participants across different generational cohorts - GenZ, Millennials and Gen-X. The findings indicate that dark posts are generally perceived as undisclosed advertisements, negatively impacting message trustworthiness and source credibility. Lack of authenticity and transparency from the social media influencer (SMI) and the brand were identified as key factors contributing to this perception. On the contrary, factors positively influencing consumers’ trust in dark posts included familiarity with the SMI, the brand, or the product, simple sponsorship disclosure, permanent content showcasing the product on the SMI’s feed, and authenticity in the influencer’s tone of voice and wording. The study contributes to the existing literature on influencer marketing and emphasises the importance for brands to find a balance between effective marketing strategies and consumer trust, particularly in the context of influencer whitelisting. Brands should consider factors of familiarity, authenticity, and transparency to impact source credibility in influencer whitelisting campaigns positively. / I den här artikeln undersöks hur dark posts uppfattas i influencer whitelisting (IWL) och hur de påverkar konsumenternas förtroende jämfört med andra former av sponsrat innehåll på sociala medier. Studien använde en blandad metod med en enkät med öppna frågor för att samla in data från deltagare i olika generationskohorter - Gen- Z, Millennials och Gen-X. Resultaten visar att mörka inlägg i allmänhet uppfattas som hemlig reklam, vilket har en negativ inverkan på budskapets trovärdighet och källans trovärdighet. Brist på autenticitet och transparens från influencern (SMI) och varumärket identifierades som nyckelfaktorer som bidrar till denna uppfattning. De faktorer som däremot hade en positiv inverkan på konsumenternas förtroende för dark posts var kännedom om SMI, varumärket eller produkten, enkel information om sponsring, permanent innehåll som visar produkten i SMI:s flöde samt autenticitet i influencerns tonläge och ordval. Studien bidrar till den befintliga litteraturen om influencer-marknadsföring och betonar vikten av att varumärken hittar en balans mellan effektiva marknadsföringsstrategier och konsumenternas förtroende, särskilt i samband med vitlistning av influencers. Varumärken bör ta hänsyn till faktorer som förtrogenhet, autenticitet och transparens för att påverka källans trovärdighet positivt i vitlistningskampanjer för influencers.

No description available.

Sociala medier är idag en stor del av många personers vardag och liv, både internet och olika medier har växt fram på senare år och utvecklas fortfarande i hög takt. Detta har resulterat i ett beteende mönster som blir mer digitalt även i vardagliga sammanhang. Företag har funnit ett sätt att marknadsföra sig och skapa en närvaro i sociala medier genom att samarbeta med kända profiler och influencers. De gör detta för att synliggöra sig samt kommunicera sina tjänster och produkter till en bred målgrupp. Detta har vidare resulterat i en föränderlig kommunikation mellan företag och konsumenter, där opinionsledare i form av influencers tagit en ny roll inom digital marknadsföring. När sociala medier har förändrats har även konsumenters beteenden utvecklats, där influencers har fått en starkare plats i samhället och de har ett stort inflytande på konsumenterna. Denna digitalisering av vardagen har lett till en större tillämpning av influencer marketing som en strategi för att marknadsföra och bibehålla trovärdigheten hos märket till slutkunden. Företagen som anlitar och når ut till de inflytelserika opinionsledarna överlåter marknadsföringen och förlitar sig på att markanföringen utförs korrekt men hur påverkar det egentligen slutkundens förtroende. Dessutom har influencernas ett förtroende till att företagen har genuina avsikter, och ett eget socialt ansvarstagande och de kan själva förlora tillit till sina följare på grund av ett samarbete. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur influencers sponsrade inlägg på sociala medier påverkar trovärdigheten som märket bakom reklamen, men även influencers, får av slutkunden. Detta skapar en ökad förståelse för vilka faktorer, som gör reklam på sociala medier och digital marknadsföring, trovärdig och vad som skapar tillit till företagen för en konsument inom Generation Z. Arbetet ger vidare rekommendationer till företag inom marknadsföring i frågan hur de ska skapa en transparens och genuinitet men samtidigt behålla trovärdighet i den reklam som förs vidare till unga i media. Frågeställningen lyder därför ”Hur har den ökade användningen av sponsrade inlägg på sociala medier påverkat trovärdigheten som märkena får av slutkunden?”. / Social media has become a large part of many people's everyday lives, both the internet and various media have emerged in recent years and are still developing at a high pace. This has resulted in a behavioral pattern that becomes more digital even in everyday contexts. Companies have found a way to market themselves and create a presence in social media by collaborating with well-known celebrities and influencers. They do this to make themselves visible and communicate their services and products to a broad target group. This has further resulted in a changing way to communicate between companies and consumers, where opinion leaders in the form of influencers have taken on a new role in digital marketing. As social media has changed, consumer behaviors have also developed, where influencers have gained a stronger place in society, and they have a great influence on consumers. This digitalization of everyday life has led to a greater application of influencer marketing as a strategy for marketing and maintaining the brand's credibility to the end customer. The companies that hire and reach out to the influential opinion leaders leave a part of their marketing to influencers and rely on the influencer to correctly carry the marketing, but how does this affect the end customer's reliability. In addition, the influencers have a trust in that the companies have genuine intentions, and a social responsibility of their own and the influencers can themselves lose reliability from their followers because of the partnership. The purpose of this thesis to investigate how influencers' sponsored posts on social media affect the credibility that the brand behind the advertising, but also influencers, receives from the end customer. This creates an increased understanding of the factors that make advertising on social media and digital marketing credible and creates trust in companies for a consumer within Generation Z. The thesis also provides further recommendations to companies in marketing on the question of how to create transparency and genuineness, but at the same time maintain credibility in the advertising that is passed on to young people in the media. The Problem statement is therefore "How has the increased use of sponsored posts on social media affected the credibility that the brands and influencers get from the end customer?".

This thesis aims to explore the video game medium in depth, to relate it to the stories foundon Internet communities about users’ gameplay experiences during burdensome moments inlife. To achieve that, the phenomena is explored through the lenses of Uses &amp; Gratificationstheory by means of a netnography on the ‘/Persona 5’ official subReddit; interpreting, codingand analyzing all narratives that fit the criteria with the help of a proposed ‘USE’ system. Themodel is in charge of classifying the information into explicit displays of ‘Dissatisfaction’,‘Motivation’, ‘Immersion’ and ‘Emersion’. The resulting codification enabled the creation ofeight different types of reports among a sample of one-hundred threads, all in correlation withthe varied aspects of the game that act as categories. The data derived from the conclusions ofthis study shows that players are not motivated to use the video game for any other purposesthan mere entertainment. Yet, the immersive potential of the virtual world addressed theirdissatisfactions and made them emerge back to reality with, mostly, not-sought gratifications. Still, not all players were able to control their video game uses to regulate their emotions,further implying the importance to continue researching cases of media immersion toestablish guidelines of ethical design and appropriate production and consumption practices.