La précarité aujourd’hui prend de plus en plus de place dans notre vie quotidienne. Elle place celui ou celle qui la subit dans un état incertain, une situation instable ou un temps indéterminé. Aujourd’hui, de nombreux artistes s’intéressent à des espaces touchés par cette précarité, comme les bidonvilles, les camps de migrants, les favelas, etc., en les considérant comme lieu d’expérimentation artistique. Quel est le sens de telles actions artistiques autour, dans et à partir de ces espaces, surtout quand il s’agit de collaboration directe avec ses habitants ? Dans quelle éthique la relation entre l’artiste et ces personnes doit-elle s’envisager lors de la construction d’un travail collaboratif ? Les réponses à ces questions sont proposées à travers une analyse d’oeuvres d’artistes qui ont rencontré cette population et travaillé auprès d’elle, ainsi que par la mise en place de certaines de mes créations artistiques. La première partie de cette thèse dessine les contours du concept de « précarité », en le situant dans des espaces qui permettent de l’appréhender. La deuxième se concentre sur mon expérience auprès des personnes migrantes habitant dans les camps de Calais, ainsi que sur une analyse d’autres travaux artistiques comme ceux de l’artiste Monica Nador, réalisés dans des favelas au Brésil, afin de voir comment l’art permet de créer de la rencontre, d’engendrer du lien social autant que collectif auprès des personnes rencontrées. La dernière partie traite du concept de frontière sous ses différents aspects, et envisage les interventions artistiques permettant des perceptions différentes de la frontière. La thèse se clôt sur la manière dont les actions artistiques peuvent renouveler notre représentation des espaces précaires et de ceux qui les occupent. Par ailleurs, l’impact de la précarité sur les productions artistiques conduit à une autre manière de concevoir la posture de l’artiste quand son art est déplacé dans un terrain d’expérimentation non institutionnel. / Precarity takes more and more place in our life nowadays. It conditions the person who undergoes it in an uncertain state, an unstable situation or an indefinite time. Many artists are interested today in spaces affected by this precarious situation, such as shantytowns, migrant camps, favelas, etc., as a place for artistic experimentation. What is the meaning of artistic actions performed in, from and around these spaces, especially those involving a direct collaboration with itsinhabitants ? What is the ethics in relationship between the artist and these people when building a collaborative work ? I tried to find answers for these questions in this thesis, through the analysis of work of artists who met these people and worked with them, as well as through some of my artistic creations. The first part of this thesis draws the outlines of the concept of « precariousness », situating it in spaces that allow to comprehend it. The second focuses on my experience with migrant people living in the Calais camps, as well as an analysis of other artistic works such as those of Monica Nador, made in Brazil’s favelas, in order to see how art could make it possible to create encounters, to generate social and collective links between people in these places. The last part deals with the concept of border in its various aspects, and considers the artistic interventions allowing different perceptions of the border. The thesis concludes with the way that artistic actions could renew our representation of precarious spaces and those who occupy them. Moreover, the impact of precariousness on artistic productions leads to another way of conceiving the artist’s posture when his art is carried out into a non-institutional field of experimentation.

Cette recherche présente les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de jeunes diplômés en cuisine. Si la restauration est un secteur qui présente un fort taux de roulement, paradoxalement, il s’agit également de l’un des secteurs d’activité où le manque de main d’oeuvre est le plus criant. D’une manière générale, cette thèse vise à rendre compte des différents types de difficultés et de contraintes qui perturbent l’insertion et la stabilisation des jeunes diplômés de cuisine (cuisiniers), et faire l’état de leur situation professionnelle, trois ans après leur sortie du système scolaire. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence quatre principaux types de difficultés rencontrées par les jeunes cuisiniers, à savoir : les difficultés liées aux conditions structurelles du marché du travail, les difficultés liées aux logiques de fonctionnement du secteur de la restauration, les difficultés d’ordre social et familial et les difficultés liées aux attitudes et caractéristiques de jeunes eux-mêmes. Pour faire face à ces différents types de difficultés, les jeunes cuisiniers ont recours aux trois grands types de stratégies suivants à savoir : les stratégies de maintien et de stabilisation en emploi, les stratégies visant la sortie de l’emploi salarié ou du secteur de la restauration, et enfin les stratégies de désinvestissement progressif du marché du travail. / This research presents the results of a study conducted with young graduates of the restaurant industry (young cooks). If restoration is an area that has a high turnover rate, paradoxically, itis also one of the sectors where the lack of workforce is the highest. In general, this thesis aims to reflect the different types of difficulties and constraints that interfere with the integration and stabilization of young kitchen graduates (cooks) and to shed light on their professional situation, three years after leaving the school system. The results of this research highlight four main types of difficulties faced by young chefs,namely the difficulties associated with structural conditions in the labor market, the difficulties associated with the operating logic of the restaurant industry, the social and family difficulties and difficulties related to attitudes and characteristics of young people themselves. To cope with these types of difficulties, young cooks use three types of strategies: strategies for maintaining and stabilizing their employment, strategies to get out of the employment or the restaurant industry, and finally strategies of gradual divestment from the labor market.

This thesis engages deindustrialization as a lived process and applies the concepts of precarity as they relate to communities navigating processes of deindustrialization. Through ethnographic interviews and participant observation research conducted over the summer of 2017 I examine the lived experiences of circular migrant labourers and their significant others, who live in the former coal town of Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, as they engage in strategies to keep their families in the community. I explore the continuities of industrialization, deindustrialization and labour; the history of work in the region; the present sacrifices that families make to stay in the communities; why families stay; and what they circular migrant labourers and their significant others imagine the future of the region will look like as they raise their children there. Further, as circular migrant labourers are away from home and their families for significant amounts of time, often at irregular schedules, I ask about the strategies that labourers and their families use to eke out a living in a marginalized community. I ask participants what it is like to have to leave the community for work; what it is like to stay behind while your significant other is away for work; what is it like to be home together; and what strategies are used to keep in touch. One such strategy is the use of internet communication technologies to negotiate physical and social distance. However, these technologies do not always necessarily make up for time spent away from loved ones. / Graduate / 2019-04-17

Background: Considering the growing popularity of gig organisations and the socioeconomic situation enabling precarity in this type of firms, there is the need to investigate potential gains and losses of this type of work contract from the organisational side.  Aim: The aim is to understand the benefits and losses platform organisations may face by offering precarious work conditions. Apart from economic influence, as on direct labour costs and staff turnover, there are expected to be cultural and social capital losses. Methodology: A qualitative study approach was chosen to discover new details and access the background of the employees. Six food deliverers from three different app-based food delivery companies in Sweden were interviewed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Findings: The empirical findings indicated that apart from decreasing direct labour costs and high turnover, offering precarious working conditions may deprive organisations of access to a qualified workforce and knowledge pool that the employees bring.

Many young people in the Stockholm metropolitan area struggle with accessing the formal housing market and are therefore relying on short-term, second-hand contracts. By drawing on ten semi-structured interviews this essay explores the second-hand tenant’s ability to feel a sense of belonging towards their home. The tenants are often unable to just be in their home and instead feel they need to conform to the landlord’s ideas of proper behaviour.Through the unequal power relations between landlord and tenant the tenants rarely feel at ease in their home. By using a phenomenological conceptualisation of home, I reason that home loses its ability to anchor a person’s sense self in the world and as a result the tenants become more isolated and detached.

No description available.

This master’s thesis investigates how freelancers experience job precarity and asymmetrical power relations which have been established within the media production industry as well as the relevance and value of coworking spaces providing a workspace with the possibilities of knowledge sharing, networking and community building, as a framework in order to challenge their precarious working conditions. Furthermore, the research aims at examining the participants’ experiences in a qualitative manner to explore those rather new concepts of freelancing and coworking spaces as previous research has failed to address the individual experiences of how freelancers deal with the nature of work in the media production industry.Situated in the context of the structural changes within media production towards a project-based nature of work and the decrease of permanent employment, freelancers are increasingly facing precarious working conditions such as uncertainty and instability.Applying the theory of structure and agency as theoretical framework, it is discussed to what extent freelancers are influenced by the established structures, rules and norms within the media production industry and how their agency is enabled within these structures.Using a qualitative research approach, this study is based on an investigation of the experiences and knowledge of eleven freelancers working in the media production industry and who are users of coworking spaces by the means of semi-structured interviews. In summary, this thesis reveals that the majority of the participants experience asymmetrical power relations and precarity to a high degree. Furthermore, freelancers who seek for communities in order to challenge their precarious working conditions, experience coworking spaces as highly valuable concept in order to increase the possibilities for their individual agency. Having investigated those rather novel concepts, this thesis serves as a starting point for examining further research on freelancers’ individual experiences of their working conditions.

[pt] A presente dissertação propõe analisar a política e as práticas de categorização e de classificação de sujeitos em movimento na busca de proteção, a partir da experiência brasileira de acolhimento aos refugiados e, mais especificamente ao fluxo venezuelano no Brasil. Para tanto, o trabalho parte de um debate teórico amplo, começando com a discussão sobre o Estado, fronteiras, limites e pertencimento, e da literatura crítica sobre refúgio e migração. Argumenta-se que a separação problemática entre um refugiado legítimo e um migrante econômico culmina na multiplicação de categorias que visam conter e controlar a mobilidade humana. Essa multiplicação de categorias expõe o desejo de dificultar o acesso ao refúgio, mas também reflete o reconhecimento da necessidade de proteção desses não refugiados. Essas relações entre proteção e regularização, gestão e controle, ficam claras quando olhamos para como o Brasil tem lidado com os fluxos migratórios em seu próprio território. Assim, à luz desse debate, compreendendo que o Brasil está inserido num contexto internacional mais amplo e, portanto, em práticas e normas que ultrapassam seus limites territoriais, o fluxo venezuelano é analisado como um estudo de caso que permite vislumbrar a complexidade e insuficiência dessas categorias da mobilidade na prática, e sua relação direta à manutenção da condição de precariedade e provisoriedade a que esses sujeitos estão submetidos. / [en] This dissertation proposes an analysis of the politics and practices of categorizing and classifying subjects on the move in search of protection, based on the Brazilian experience of welcoming refugees and, more specifically, the Venezuelan flow in Brazil. For this purpose, the research proceeds with a broad theoretical debate, starting with the discussion on the State, borders, limits and the sense of belonging, as well as engaging with the critical refugee and migration studies. It is argued that the problematic separation between a legitimate refugee and an economic migrant culminates in the multiplication of categories that aim to contain and control human mobility. Such multiplication of categories exposes the will to hinder access to refugee protection, but it also reflects the recognition of these non-refugees need for protection. These relations between protection and regularization, management and control, become clear when we look at how Brazil has dealt with migratory flows in its own territory. In light of the debate, understanding that Brazil is inserted in a broader international context and, therefore, in practices and norms that go beyond its territorial limits, the Venezuelan flow is analyzed as a case study that allows to glimpse the deficiency and insufficiency of these categories of mobility, and their direct relation to the perpetuation of the precarious and provisional condition to which those on the move are subjected to.

Published in 1977, Wendell Berry's book The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture gained widespread popularity. More than half a century later, many of the notions of the body and the earth presented in its seventh chapter, "The Body and the Earth," remain relevant and important for environmental discourse today. Berry's discussion of the body and the earth examines their mutuality and codependence from an ontological, theological, agricultural, and even biological perspective. The coupling of this text with Judith Butler's, Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? contemporizes his argument through its more socio-political and philosophical claims regarding life and the body. Through the discussion of societal frames that often prescribe the value of life and bodies, Butler introduces the concept of precarity, or the imposition of violence and its resultant instability of the body. Driven by the external forces of society, precarity weakens, commodifies, and exploits the body, creating unsustainable social systems. As we learn from Berry, this bodily precarity parallels the violence and mistreatment of the earth. The body, and its ecological and anthropological interconnectedness, establishes both material and immaterial ties to the earth, suggesting that any damage done to the body affects not just itself, but the entire system. In bringing together Butler and Berry through an ecocritical dialogue, a new ethic regarding the formation and meaning of a life emerges, prompting revision of the current societal parameters that establish the definitions of the body and the earth. Berry's resurgent relevance comes from his admonitions to repair the relationships of all bodies and the networks of which they are a part. Thus, the connection between an individual and their body, other bodies, and the earth must be restored for an environmental ethic to both persist and establish productive environmental change.

The culinary industry is well known for its unforgiving workplace conditions and precarious employment relationships. Low pay, unpredictable schedules, and workplace harassment are commonplace. However, workers in the industry are often dedicated to their craft and passionate about the industry in which they work. This thesis aims to come to a better understanding of the working lives of young kitchen workers in Toronto. Using a narrative approach to research, this thesis draws on the experiences of nine young kitchen workers. Their narratives are analyzed through examining their participation in communities of practice and their experiences of employment strain. It seeks to answer the question of why these individuals enjoy their work but often hate their jobs. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / The culinary industry is well known for its unforgiving workplace conditions and precarious employment relationships. Low pay, unpredictable schedules, and workplace harassment are commonplace. However, workers in the industry are often dedicated to their craft and passionate about the industry in which they work. This thesis aims to come to a better understanding of the working lives of young kitchen workers in Toronto. Using a narrative approach to research, this thesis draws on the experiences of nine young kitchen workers. Their narratives are analyzed through examining their participation in communities of practice and their experiences of employment strain. It seeks to answer the question of why these individuals enjoy their work but often hate their jobs.