Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-08-31T13:08:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4573907 bytes, checksum: 8cb1d35c70844bd9a45aa9257510777a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4573907 bytes, checksum: 8cb1d35c70844bd9a45aa9257510777a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A cidade de Ipatinga, Minas Gerais possui uma indústria siderúrgica e uma grande frota circulante de veículos que aumenta a emissão de poluentes atmosféricos, que constituem fatores de risco à saúde humana, além de comprometem a qualidade da vegetação. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição da atmosfera na cidade de Ipatinga, bem como os efeitos anatômicos e histoquímicos nos nectários extraflorais (NEFs) de Joannesia princeps VELL. (Euphorbiaceae), os teores de macro, micronutriente e metais pesados em folhas, determinar os níveis de deposição particulada sobre as folhas e avaliar a cor verde das folhas de plantas expostas à campo utilizando o SPAD. Mudas de J. princeps foram dispostas em estantes de exposição colocadas dentro da área cercada de cada estação da Rede Automática de Monitoramento da Qualidade do Ar e Meteorologia (RAMQAM) de Ipatinga, nos bairros Bom Retiro, Cariru, Cidade Nobre e Veneza e uma estante de referência foi montada no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD). O experimento teve duração de 126 dias. Foi coletado o material particulado depositado nas folhas e a sintomatologia foi avaliada mensalmente. Para a análise anatômica e histoquímica, foram coletados NEFs do primeiro ao quarto nó da base e ápice peciolar. Foram realizados os seguintes testes histoquímicos: Reação com ácido periódico - reagente de Schiff (PAS), Xilidine Ponceau, Sudan Black B e Cloreto Férrico. Foi procedida a quantificação de macro, micronutrientes e metais pesados na matéria seca de folhas coletadas ao fim do período de exposição. O índice SPAD foi determinado em folhas marcadas. O mês com a maior temperatura e precipitação pluviométrica foi fevereiro e as maiores médias de temperatura, foram registradas nos bairros Cidade Nobre e Veneza. Ventos vindos de norte nordeste (NNE) e nordeste (NE) predominaram em todos os bairros. No bairro Bom Retiro, observou-se as maiores médias mensais, horárias e ocorrência de registros de níveis de ozônio acima do ideal para a vegetação. Nesse bairro, foi registrado as maiores concentrações de precursores nitrogenados e sulfurados de ozônio. Quanto aos poluentes hidrocarbonetos, percebeu- se que as maiores médias de concentração da maioria desses poluentes foram encontrados nos bairros Cidade Nobre e Veneza. As plantas expostas no bairro Cariru, receberam maior deposição particulada e no bairro Cidade Nobre e PERD, a deposição foliar de particulado foi menor. No bairro Cariru, foram observadas mais lesões foliares e no PERD, menos lesões foliares em plantas de J. princeps. Quanto aos danos anatômicos nos NEFs, observou-se necroses nos tecidos, formação de tecido de cicatrização e hiperplasia de células. Nos NEFs de plantas expostas na cidade de Ipatinga, os danos superficiais foram mais intensos. Já no PERD, os NEFs apresentaram aspecto sadio. Em plantas expostas no bairro Cariru, observou-se que células do parênquima nectarífero dos NEFs reagiram negativamente ao teste com XP e para o teste com Sudan Black B, as células do parênquima nectarífero e epiderme secretora apresentaram colorações tênues. Altos teores de cromo e alumínio foram observados em folhas de plantas expostas na cidade de Ipatinga. Conclui-se que a vegetação na cidade de Ipatinga é impactada pela poluição atmosférica da indústria siderúrgica, pelo aterro sanitário do Vale do Aço, pela fábrica de celulose de Belo Oriente e pelo tráfego de veículos local. No PERD, a vegetação nativa sofre menos impactos relacionados à poluição atmosférica. A espécie J. princeps pode ser utilizada como bioindicadora e biomonitora de ambientes poluídos e sugerem-se mais estudos abrangendo períodos maiores de tempo para se avaliar o comportamento da espécie durante a variação sazonal de poluentes na atmosfera de Ipatinga. / The city of Ipatinga, Minas Gerais has a steel industry and a large current fleet of vehicles that increases the emission of air pollutants, which are risk factors to human health, and furthermore, compromise the vegetation quality. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of the atmosphere in the city of Ipatinga, as well as the anatomical effects and histochemical in extrafloral nectaries (EFN) of Joannesia princeps VELL. (Euphorbiaceae), macro levels, and micronutrient heavy metals sheets, determine the particulate deposition levels on the leaves and assess the green color of leaves of plants exposed to the field using the SPAD. J. princeps seedlings were placed on display shelves placed inside the fenced area of each station Automatic Network of Air Quality Monitoring and Meteorology (ANAQMM) Ipatinga, in neighborhoods Bom Retiro, Cariru, Cidade Nobre and Veneza and a bookcase reference was set up in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD). The experiment lasted 126 days. It was collected particulate material deposited in the leaves and the symptomatology was assessed monthly. For anatomical and histochemical analysis were collected EFN first to fourth node of the base and petiole apex. The following histochemical tests were performed: Reaction with periodic acid - Schiff reagent (PAS), Xilidine Ponceau, Sudan Black B and ferric chloride. It was proceeded the quantification of macro, micro and heavy metals in dry leaves material collected at the end of the exposure period. The SPAD index was determined on marked leaves. The month with the highest temperature and rainfall was February and the highest average temperature, were recorded in the districts Cidade Nobre and Veneza. Winds north northeast (NNE) and east (NE) predominated in all districts. In the neighborhood Bom Retiro, there was the highest monthly and hourly avarages and occurrence of ozone levels records above ideal for vegetation. In this neighborhood, it has registered the highest concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur ozone precursors. As for the hydrocarbon pollutants, it was observed that the highest average concentration of most of these pollutants were found in the neighborhoods Cidade Nobre and Veneza. Plants exposed in Cariru neighborhood received more particulate deposition and in Cidade Nobre neighborhood and PERD, leaf deposition of particulate was lower. In the neighborhood Cariru, were observed more foliar injury and in the PERD, less leaf lesions J. princeps plants. The anatomical damage in the EFN was observed in tissue necrosis, scar tissue formation and hyperplasia of cells. EFN in plants exposed in the city of Ipatinga, surface damage was more intense. But in the PERD, the EFN showed healthy appearance. In plants exposed in the neighborhood Cariru noted that nectariferous parenchyma cells of EFN negative reaction to the test pattern XP and for Sudan Black B nectariferous parenchyma cells and secretory epidermis showed a faint staining. High levels of chromium and aluminum were observed in leaves of plants exposed in the city of Ipatinga. We conclude that the vegetation in the city of Ipatinga is impacted by air pollution in the steel industry, the landfill Steel Valley, the Belo Oriente pulp mill and the local vehicle traffic. The PERD, native vegetation suffers less impact related to air pollution. The species J. princeps can be used as a bioindicator and biomonitor of polluted environments and are suggested more studies covering longer periods of time to evaluate the kind of behavior during the seasonal variation of pollutants in the atmosphere of Ipatinga.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2015-11-09T13:36:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2512190 bytes, checksum: ca15012d2964d5630a702f3b1cdc34d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-09T13:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2512190 bytes, checksum: ca15012d2964d5630a702f3b1cdc34d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) é uma espécie florestal de ampla distribuição no território brasileiro e cujo potencial para uso como bioindicadora tem sido recentemente estudado. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar morfofisiologicamente e quimicamente a estrutura foliar e os nectários extraflorais de J. princeps expostos ao nevoeiro ácido. No experimento I, mudas foram submetidas ao nevoeiro ácido com H2SO4 até o pH=3,0 e para controle, pH=6.0, durante 21 dias. Durante o experimento foram realizadas analises: sintomatológica, biométrica, de índice de clorofilometria por extensão, de trocas gasosas e da fluorescência da clorofila a. Ao final, foram coletadas amostras foliares para estudos em microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e quantificação de clorofilas e carotenoides. Os testes histoquímicos foram realizados a fim de detectar a presença de carboidratos, lipídeos, terpenoides e proteínas. No experimento II, plantas jovens foram submetidas ao nevoeiro ácido (pH=3,0) e como referência, utilizou-se plantas não expostas ao poluente. Neste experimento foram realizadas analises: sintomatológica, de pigmentos fotossintetizantes (clorofilometria e concentração), da fluorescência da clorofila a, dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs), das alterações anatômicas em microscopia de luz e histoquímica para detecção da presença de carboidrato, lipídeos, alcaloides e terpenoides. No experimento I o crescimento das folhas jovens foi menor em plantas expostas ao nevoeiro ácido. Estas apresentaram diminuição do índice de clorofilometria e redução na razão clorofila total/carotenoide. Não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros de tocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a entre os tratamentos. As necroses causadas pelo nevoeiro ácido apresentam-se como pontos negros nos nectários e como pontos negros com aréolas amarelas ou bronzeadas nos folíolos. O surgimento das necroses iniciou após a segunda exposição ao nevoeiro ácido e intensificou de forma exponencial entre o 7o e 13o dia, diminuindo posteriormente até o equilíbrio. As alterações anatômicas observadas foram: colapso celular, hiperplasia, hipertrofia e acúmulo de compostos fenólicos. Nos nectários de plântulas submetidas ao nevoeiro ácido observou-se o descolamento das ceras epicuticulares e perfurações na cutícula. As células apresentaram aspecto plasmolizado e houve aceleração da senescência dos nectários no segundo nó. Os testes histoquímicos detectaram lipídios e proteínas estruturais, amido e terpenoides nos mesmos tecidos de plantas de ambos os tratamentos, os quais apresentaram resultado negativo para alcaloides. No experimento II necroses venais e intervenais surgiram no segundo dia de exposição ao nevoeiro ácido nas folhas em expansão. As análises de pigmento fotossintetizantes, fluorescência da clorofila a não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os testes histoquímicos detectaram amido, lipídios estruturais e terpenoides nos mesmos tecidos de plantas de ambos os tratamentos. Dos COVs coletados, 16 são comuns aos dois tratamentos, a saber: nonano; decano; mesytilene; β-myrcene; acetato de 3-hexen-1-ol; limoneno; β-ocimeno; hexanol-2- etil; 4,8,dimetil-1,3,7-nonatrieno; dodecane; decanal; octadecano e ciclohexanol-5- metil-2; tridecano; nonadecano; tetracontano. Funções distintas são atribuídas a estes compostos, desde estruturais até infoquímicos, atuando na atração ou repulsão de artrópodes. As respostas elicitadas pelo nevoeiro ácido acarretam o aparecimento de necroses que podem ser observadas e contabilizadas. Os aspectos fisiológicos e químicos permitem compreender a interação entre a planta e o ambiente na presença de nevoeiro ácido. / Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) is a forest species widely distributed in Brazil and whose potential for use as a bioindicator has been studied recently. The present study aimed to analyze morfofisiologicamente and chemically leaf structure and extrafloral nectaries J. princeps exposed to acid mist. In the first experiment, seedlings were subjected to acid mist with H2SO4 until pH = 3.0 and control pH = 6.0 for 21 days. During the experiment analyzes were performed: symptomatology, biometrics, index chlorophilometry by extension, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Finally, leaf samples were collected for studies using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantification of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The histochemical tests were performed in order to detect the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and terpenoids. In the second experiment, young plants were subjected to acid mist (pH = 3.0) as a reference and was used plants not exposed to the pollutant. In this experiment analyzes were performed: symptomatology, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyilometry and concentration), the chlorophyll a fluorescence, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), anatomical changes under light microscopy and histochemistry for the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids and terpenoids. In the first experiment the growth of young leaves was lower in plants exposed to acid mist. These showed a decrease in the rate of clorofilometry and reduction in the ratio total chlorophyll / carotenoid. There was no significant difference on leaf gas and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, between treatments. Necroses caused by acid mist appear as black spots in nectaries and as black spots with yellow or tan circle around their. The emergence of necrosis began after the second exposure to acid mist and intensified exponentially between 7o and 13o days, decreasing thereafter until the balance. The anatomical changes observed were: cellular collapse, hyperplasia, hypertrophy and accumulation of phenolic compounds. Nectaries in seedlings subjected to acid mist was observed detachment of the waxes and punctures the cuticle. Cells presented plasmolized appearance and was accelerated senescence of nectaries on the second node. Histochemical tests detected lipids and structural proteins, starch and terpenoids in the same tissues in plants of both treatments, which were negative for alkaloids. In experiment II venal and interveinal necrosis appeared on the second day of exposure to acid mist in expanding leaves. Analyses of photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a fluorescence showed no statistically significant differences. The histochemical tests detected starch, structural lipids, and terpenoids in the same plant tissues in both treatments. VOCs collected, 16 are common to the two treatments, namely nonane; Dean; mesytilene; β-myrcene; 3-hexen-1-ol acetate; limonene; β-ocimene; -2-ethyl hexanol; 4,8, dimethyl-1 ,3,7-nonatrieno; Dodecane; decanal; Cyclohexanol and octadecane-5-methyl-2; tridecane; nonadecane; tetracontano. Different roles are assigned to these compounds, structural and infochemicals, acting on the attraction or repulsion of arthropods. The responses elicited by acid mist cause the onset of necrosis that can be observed and recorded. The physiological and chemical aspects allow us to understand the interaction between the plant and the environment in the presence of acid mist.

La thèse a pour but la reconstruction historiographique de la réception des Mémoires byzantines de S. Syropoulos, en Europe, dans le XVIIème siècle. Depuis les remarques faites par V. Laurent dans son édition (1971), la recherche entend reconsidérer les acquisitions antérieures sur la fortune de ce texte, pendant la publication de l’editio princeps en 1660, v. Introduction. À travers l’histoire de la découverte du manuscrit BNF, Paris. gr. 427, on ira à reconstruire l’épisode propagandiste qui a donné lieu à l'intérêt érudit pour la narration florentine de Syropoulos, v. Ch. I; un commentaire aux épîtres relatif à l’iter éditorial suivi pour la princeps donnera aussi des détails sur les érudits engagés, v. Ch. II; enfin, un examen philologique et historique de la version latine du texte grec, interdit par l’Inquisition de Rome en 1682, v. Ch. III. En plus, la thèse presentera la première transcription de la versio latine inédite conservée dans le manuscrit BNF, Paris. Suppl. gr. 317 (sectiones II, IV, IX), avec introduction. Les résultats montrent comment la critique textuelle et la propagande, dansl’édition byzantine de cette oeuvre, ont contribuées à la constitution d'une méthode ecdotique raffinée, plus tard encodée dans la définition des critères scientifiques de la pratique philologique et historiographique. / The aim of the dissertation is to outline the historical reception of S. Syropoulos’ byzantine Mémoires, in Europe, during the XVIIth century. Following the notes proposed by V. Laurent in his edition (1971), the research intends to reconsider the previous data collected on the fortune of the text, especially at the age of the editio princeps publication (1660), see Introduction. The episode of the first rediscovery of the manuscript BNF, Paris. gr. 427 will be useful to delineate the propagandistic climate in which the text was read and excerpted, see Ch. I; a comment on an important epistolary dossier will provide an insight on the publishing iter of the editio, and, above all, about the people involved, see Ch. II; lastly, a philological and historiographical analysis of the latin versio, prohibited by the roman Inquisition in 1682, see Ch. III. In addition, the thesis presents the first transcription of the unpublished latin version (sections II, IV, IX) preserved in the manuscript BNF, Paris. Suppl. gr. 317, with introduction. The results proves how textual criticism and propaganda — for the edition of this byzantine major oeuvre — actively contributed to established a philological method surprisingly refined, later heightened with the definition of the common criteria typically used by modern literary criticism and historiography.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romulo Andre Beltrame.pdf: 2586849 bytes, checksum: b107982280bfe2f4d8a7440e230b39e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O sucesso na fase de produção de mudas de espécies florestais esta diretamente relacionado com a qualidade fisiológica das sementes utilizadas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a propagação da cutieira (Joannesia princeps) e da qualidade fisiológica de suas sementes, além de estudar aspectos morfológicos e biométricos dos frutos, sementes e plântulas. Inicialmente, objetivou-se avaliar tratamentos físicos, químicos e níveis de sombreamento na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas. Sementes intactas (T1) e com o tegumento trincado (T2) foram avaliadas quanto à absorção de água. As sementes foram submetidas a tratamentos pré-germinativos: (T1) semente intacta (testemunha), (T2) tegumento trincado, (T3) tegumento removido, (T4) imersão em ácido sulfúrico (95%) por 5 minutos, (T5) imersão em ácido sulfúrico (95%) por 10 minutos e (T6) imersão em ácido sulfúrico (95%) por 15 minutos. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a relação entre tratamentos de embebição com GA3 em diferentes tempos (zero, seis, 12 e 24 h), e níveis de sombreamento (sol pleno, sombreamento com uma e duas telas) na emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas. Avaliou-se: emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, diâmetro do coleto, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Ainda, aspectos morfológicos e biométricos de frutos, sementes e plântulas foram estudados. Nos frutos foram avaliados os atributos qualitativos em relação à morfologia externa. A análise biométrica teve como base a tomada das dimensões do comprimento, diâmetro e espessura. As sementes foram avaliadas em relação à morfologia externa e interna. As avaliações das plântulas foram conduzidas periodicamente no sexto, sétimo, 14º, 21º, 28º, 35º e 42º dia. Utilizaram-se 15 plântulas normais e sadias para as descrições. Por fim, objetivou-se estudar e analisar a distribuição espacial dos atributos que determinam a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Joannesia princeps. As sementes foram coletadas, individualmente, de 40 árvores matrizes no Horto Municipal de Alegre-ES e o experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Produção Vegetal do CCAUFES. As sementes tiveram o tegumento trincado e foi realizada a embebição em ácido giberélico GA3 500 mgL-1 durante 24 h em câmara tipo BOD com temperatura ajustada para 30 ºC. A semeadura foi realizada em sacos plásticos de ±600 cm3 contendo terra+areia+esterco na proporção de 1:1:1. Foram avaliados os seguintes atributos: emergência (E), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), comprimento da raiz (CR), diâmetro do coleto (DC), comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), massa fresca do sistema radicular (MFSR), massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA), massa seca do sistema radicular (MSSR) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA). Maiores valores de emergência são obtidos em sementes intactas (30%) e sementes trincadas (33%). A germinação é estimulada pelo GA3, atingindo 97% de emergência na imersão por 24 horas, no sombreamento com duas telas. Os maiores valores do IQD foram obtidos em sol pleno e os menores no sombreamento com duas telas. Observou-se que as raízes mudaram o tom de sua coloração de esbranquiçada para branco-amarelada do 14º para o 21º dia após a semeadura. O hipocótilo, nos estádios iniciais apresenta coloração avermelhada passando para verde após o 14º dia transcorrido da semeadura. Os demais órgãos não apresentaram mudanças consideráveis. No entanto, biometricamente, todos os órgãos apresentaram um acréscimo nas suas dimensões, conforme a evolução do desenvolvimento. Com exceção do CPA, verificou-se dependência espacial para as demais variáveis estudadas: E, IVE, CR, DC, MFSR, MFPA, MSSR e MSPA; com alcance variando de 6,10 a 48,67 m, sendo o menor alcance e maior IDE obtidos para a MFSR; maior alcance para a MSSR e menor IDE para o IVE / The success in production of seedlings of forest species is directly related to physiological quality of seeds used. This study aimed to obtain information about the spread of cutieira (Joannesia princeps) and physiological quality of seeds, besides studying aspects morphological and biometrical of fruits, seeds and seedlings. Initially, the objective this work was evaluate physical and chemical treatments and shading levels in the germination and initial development of cutieira seedlings. Intact seeds (T1) and with integument cracked (T2) were evaluated as water absorption. The seeds were subjected to pre-germination treatments: (T1) intact seeds (control), (T2) with seed coat cracked, (T3) with the seed coats removed, (T4) immersion at sulfuric acid (95%) for 5 minutes, (T5) immersion at sulfuric acid (95%) for 10 minutes, (T6) immersion at sulfuric acid (95%) for 15 minutes. Subsequently, we evaluated the relationship between soaking treatments with GA3 at different times (zero, six, 12 and 24 h), and shading (full sun, with one and two shade screens ) on emergence and seedling development. We evaluated: emergency, emergency speed index, shoot length and root, diameter of the base, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. Still, aspects morphological and biometrical of fruits, seeds and seedling of Joannesia princeps. In fruits were evaluated qualitative attributes relative to external morphology. The biometric analysis was based having with base the dimensions the length, diameter and thickness. The seeds were evaluated in attempt to external and internal morphology. The seedling assessments were conducted periodically in the sixth, seventh, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th and 42th day. We used 15 normal and healthy seedlings for descriptions. Lastly, the objective was to study and analyze the spatial distribution on the attributes that determine the physiological quality of seeds Joannesia princeps. Seeds were collected, individually, 40 mother trees in the Horto City Alegre-ES and experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Production CCAUFES. The seeds have had cracked the integument was performed and the imbibition in gibberellic acid GA3 500 mgL-1 for 24 h in environmental chamber with temperature adjusted to 30 ºC. The seeds were sown in plastic bags of ± 600 cm3 containing soil + sand + manure in the ratio of 1:1:1. Were evaluated the following attributes: emergence (E), emergence speed index (IVE), root length (CR), diameter of base (DC), shoot length of the aerial part (CPA), fresh mass of the root system (MFSR), fresh mass of the aerial part (MFPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR) and dry mass of the aerial part (MSPA). Higher values of emergency were obtained intact seeds (30%) and cracked seeds (33%). The germination is stimulated by GA3, reaching 97% in emergency when immersion is for 24 hours in the shade with two screens. The highest values of IQD were obtained in the full sun and minors in shading with two shade screens. It was observed that the roots havechanged their color of whitish for yellowish-white of the 14th to the 21th day after sowing. The hypocotyl, in the early stages has reddish color passing to the green on 14th day after sowing elapsed. The other organs showed no considerable changes. However, biometrically, all organs had an increase in its dimensions, according to in the progression of development. With the exception of CPA and MFSR, it was found spatial dependence for the other studied variables: E, IVE, CR, DC, MFPA, MSSR e MSPA; with range varying of 14,0 a 47,5 m, being the lowest range for the CR and longer range and IDE for the IVE

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-24T18:11:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Sanderleia Santos.pdf: 1495975 bytes, checksum: df3c5bfeb2230b412c177daa6c39318f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-06-27T16:45:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Sanderleia Santos.pdf: 1495975 bytes, checksum: df3c5bfeb2230b412c177daa6c39318f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T16:45:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Sanderleia Santos.pdf: 1495975 bytes, checksum: df3c5bfeb2230b412c177daa6c39318f (MD5) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de diferentes condições microclimáticas sobre o crescimento de mudas de Joannesia princeps Vell., na fase de estabelecimento. O estudo foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação com ambiente controlado no complexo multilaboratorial de estudos em mudanças climáticas de florestas tropicais do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Jerônimo Monteiro, ES (latitude 20°47′8″ S, longitude 41°23′52″ W e altitude 120 m), no período de 18 de junho a 12 de setembro de 2013. Foram utilizadas mudas em fase inicial que foram transplantadas para vasos de 21,5 litros com 30 cm de profundidade, 37 cm de diâmetro superior e 27 cm de diâmetro inferior. O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro ambientes com demandas atmosféricas diferentes, de acordo com combinações de diferentes valores de Temperatura (°C) e Déficit de Pressão de Vapor - DPV (kPa), sendo denominados Temperatura Inferior (20,9ºC e 0,11kPa), Temperatura Intermediária (23,0ºC e 0,53 kPa), Temperatura Superior DPV Baixo (25,1ºC e 0,92 kPa) e Temperatura Superior DPV Alto (25,2ºC e 1,08 kPa), adotando-se três níveis de água no solo, 90; 50 e 10% da água disponível. Foram analisadas as características de crescimento através da mensuração de altura, diâmetro, área foliar e massa seca das plantas. Para caracterizar as respostas ecofisiológicas, foram feitas leituras das trocas gasosas, temperatura do solo e potencial hídrico. Para características de crescimento, potencial hídrico e transmissão da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa o delineamento experimental utilizado foi Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 3x4x12, sendo 3 níveis de água disponível, 4 ambientes e 12 repetições e para as respostas ecofisiológicas e temperatura do solo o esquema fatorial foi 3x2x12, sendo 3 níveis de água disponível, 2 ambientes e 12 repetições, sendo as médias, quando significativas, submetidas ao teste de Tukey para comparação ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Ao final do experimento que teve duração de 86 dias observou-se que as plantas submetidas aos ambientes com temperatura superior e DPV baixo e alto tiveram melhores resultados em comparação aos ambientes de temperatura inferior e temperatura intermediária. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a J. princeps teve melhor desenvolvimento em ambientes com temperaturas mais elevadas com água disponível no solo, em ambientes com temperaturas amenas. Independente se houve ou não déficit hídrico a espécie não apresentou desenvolvimento satisfatório, com a ocorrência de déficit hídrico o DPV passa a ser importante para o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie e a espécie terá boa adaptabilidade às mudanças climáticas previstas. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different microclimate conditions on the growth of seedlings Joannesia princeps Vell., in the establishment phase. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with controlled in multilaboratorial complex studies on climate change in tropical forests of the Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo environment, located in the town of Jerome, ES (latitude 20°47'8"S, longitude 41°23'52"W and altitude 120 m) during the period from June 18 to September 12, 2013. Seedlings were used in the initial stage were transplanted to pots of 21,5 liter 30 cm deep, 37 cm top diameter and 27 cm bottom diameter. The experiment was conducted in four environments with different atmospheric demands, according to different combinations of values of temperature (°C) and Vapor Pressure Deficit - DPV (kPa), being called Lower temperature (20,9 ºC and 0.11 kPa) , Intermediate temperature (23,0 ºC and 0,53 kPa), Low Temperature Higher DPV (25,1 ºC and 0,92 kPa) and DPV Superior High Temperature (25,2 °C and 1,08 kPa), adopting three levels of soil water 90, 50 and 10% of the available water. Growth characteristics were analyzed by measuring height, diameter, leaf area and plant dry matter. To characterize the ecophysiological responses, readings of gas exchange, soil temperature and water potential were made. For growth characteristics, water potential and transmission of photosynthetically active radiation experimental design was completely randomized design (DIC) 3x4x12 factorial arrangement, with 3 levels of available water, 4 environments and 12 repetitions and ecophysiological responses and soil temperature factorial arrangement was 3x2x12, with 3 levels of water available, 2 rooms and 12 replications, the average, when significant, submitted to the Tukey test to compare the level of 5% probability. At the end of the experiment that lasted 86 days was observed that plants subjected to environments with higher temperature and low and high DPV had better outcomes compared to lower temperature and intermediate temperature environments. Based on these results, we conclude that the J. princeps had better development environments with higher temperatures with available soil water, in environments with mild temperatures. Regardless of whether or not there was drought the species was not sufficient development, with the occurrence of drought the DPV becomes important for the initial development of the species and the species have adapted well to forecast climate changes.

La restauration de la République conduite par Octavien vit renaître l’activité législative, « florissante » selon les mots d’Ovide (Met., 2.141) « sous la conduite du très juste » Auguste (Met., 5.833). L’association entre Auguste et son oeuvre législative fut telle que parmi les honneurs funèbres, il fut proposé que le nom de chacune des lois figure sur des écriteaux du cortège funéraire. La lex accompagnait Auguste au tombeau. Ses successeurs abandonnèrent progressivement le recours à la lex et quelques décennies après la disparition d’Auguste, la loi recevait comme seule fonction de sanctionner les pouvoirs et honneurs décidés par le Sénat et conférés à l’empereur à chaque début de principat. Cette loi était la dernière traduction formelle de la volonté du populus Romanus : parce qu’elle émanait du peuple et qu’elle établissait un fondement entre le prince et son statut, ses pouvoirs et les activités auxquelles elle donnait lieu, elle retint particulièrement l’attention des Prudents. S’ils constatèrent le bouleversement général des sources du droit que l’enracinement du prince dans l’édifice constitutionnel républicain et le développement de ses interventions normatives avaient entraînés, seule la partie des Prudents que le prince avait associée à l’exercice de sa justice et de sa production normative, amplifia la normativité des formes qu’empruntait la volonté impériale. La formulation de l’identité de la constitution impériale à la lex marqua l’avènement d’un ordre juridique dont la cohérence reposait sur le consensus, non plus des divers organes de la République mais de l’empereur et des Prudents. Le recours à l’autorité de la loi pour caractériser les constitutions impériales leur assurait, au-delà des mutations dont ils surent prendre la mesure, la continuité d’une activité qui s’originait dans les premiers temps de la civitas. / The restoration of the Republic led by Octavian marked a new start of legislative activity, said to be "flourishing" by Ovid (Met.,2.141), "under the leadership of the righteous" Augustus (Met.,2.141). As part of his funeral honours, Augustus being so closely related to his legislative work was made clear when it was suggested that the name of each law were to be inscribed on the banners for the funeral procession. The lex accompanied Augustus to his tomb. Little by little his successors no longer resorted to the lex and a few decades after Augustus decease, the unique function of the law was to acknowledge the powers and honours decided by the Senate and conferred to the Emperor at the beginning of his reign. That law was the last formal expression of the will of the populus Romanus: because it originated from the people and established the basis between the Prince and his status, his power and the activities that rose from it, it particularly caught the attention of the Prudentes. Though they may have noted the general disruption of the sources of the Law, resulting from the normative interventions of the emperor, it was only the part of jurisprudence that the prince had associated with his justice and therefore the production of norms,, that enhanced the normativity of the forms expressing the imperial will. The identity of the imperial constitution formed on the lex was the beginning of a new legal order, coherently based upon the consensus between the emperor and the Prudentes rather than upon the various organs of the Republic. Their resorting to the authority of the Law to characterize the imperial constitutions and their ability to assess change, ensured that an activity that started at the beginning of the civitas could continue.

Dans une économie mondialisée sur un secteur très concurrentiel, ce travail de recherche articulé en cinq parties propose d’étudier de nouveaux schémas de concurrence entre médicaments princeps et génériques au sein de l’Union Européenne, en intégrant les articulations entre régulation publique et incitations à innover. Dans une première partie introductive, les spécificités réglementaires très évolutives des marchés pharmaceutiques sont présentées ainsi que leurs conséquences induites sur les systèmes de prix et l'innovation.La deuxième partie, vise à analyser dans un premier temps l'approche adoptée par la Commission Européenne et les autorités de concurrence des divers Etats membres quant à la définition du marché pertinent de produits sur ces marchés. Plus particulièrement, dans un second temps, une étude empirique des schémas de substitution existants est développée à partir des décisions prises par la Commission Européenne de 1989 à 2011 en matière de fusions dans le secteur concerné. Cet examen des différents critères retenus pour définir la taille du marché pertinent souligne la tendance lourde à définir des marchés pertinents de produits toujours plus étroits, atteignant même le niveau moléculaire.Dans la troisième partie, l’analyse du système de prix de référence mis en place dans de nombreux Etats membres sur ces marchés concurrentiels, montre,en prenant en compte les avantages informatifs des princeps, dans quelle mesure la mise en place d'un tel système, peut favoriser l’innovation.Sous la quatrième partie, la modélisation de l'impact des nouveaux modèles d'accords de partage de risques se propose d’étudier comment de tels accords peuvent résoudre les problématiques d'aléa moral et de sélection adverse sur ces marchés, en incitant les entreprises à investir dans leur produit et à renforcer la qualité des biens fournis.Enfin, la partie cinq conclut le travail en mettant en perspective les résultats obtenus et en analysant les conséquences sous-jacentes pour les politiques publiques. / The aim of this thesis is to examine the competition patterns that exist between originators and generics by focusing on the articulations between regulation and incentives to innovate. Once the characteristics of regulation in pharmaceutical markets is reviewed in the first chapter and an analysis of some current challenges related to cost-containment measures and innovation issues is performed, then in the second chapter, an empirical study is performed to investigate substitution patterns. Based on the EC´s merger decisions in the pharmaceutical sector from 1989 to 2011, this study stresses the key criteria to define the scope of the relevant product market based on substitution patterns and shows the trend towards a narrower market in time. Chapters three and four aim to analyse in depth two widespread measures, the internal reference pricing system in off-patent markets, and risk-sharing schemes in patent-protected markets. By taking into account informational advantages of originators over generics, the third chapter shows the extent to which the implementation of a reference price for off-patent markets can contribute in promoting innovation. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the modeling of risk-sharing schemes explains how such schemes can help in solving moral hazard and adverse selection issues by continuously giving pharmaceutical companies incentives to innovate and supplying medicinal products of a higher quality.

Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à l’édition critique de l’œuvre Métaphysique ou Première Philosophie rédigée par Vikentios Damodos à Chavriata de Céphalonie en 1736. Il s’agit de la première édition (editio princeps) de cette œuvre dont témoignent sept manuscrits de différents endroits en Grèce et ailleurs. Vikentios Damodos, enseignant de philosophie, a reçu son éducation en Italie et y a fait la connaissance des érudits importants de son temps. Le résultat de ces rencontres apparait à travers son œuvre foisonnante d’idées philosophiques et scientifiques nouvelles du Siècle des Lumières. Il devient ainsi un précurseur des Lumières néo-helléniques. Son intérêt pour l’éducation, la langue, l’instruction des grécophones, occupés par les Vénitiens et les Ottomans, afin d’atteindre le niveau des autres nations européennes rend cet érudit important pour l’histoire néo-hellénique. L’édition est précédée d’une introduction qui tente d’éclairer les aspects considérables de sa production et de sa contribution intellectuelle à la philosophie de la Grèce contemporaine. / This thesis is devoted to the critical edition of the work Metaphysics or First Philosophy written by Vikentios Damodos at Chavriata in Kefalonia in 1736. This is the first edition (edition princeps) of this work as evidenced by seven manuscripts in different places in Greece and elsewhere. Vikentios Damodos, philosophy teacher, was educated in Italy and has met there important scholars of his time. The result of these meetings appears through his work rich in philosophical and scientific ideas Enlightenment. It becomes a precursor of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. His interest in education, the language, the instruction of the Greeks, occupied at the time by the Venetians and Ottomans, in order to reach the level of the other European nations makes this scholar stand out in Modern Greek history. The edition is preceded by an introduction that attempts to illuminate the significant aspects of its production and its intellectual contribution to the philosophy of contemporary Greece.

Cette thèse vise à comprendre les freins à l’achat des médicaments génériques chez les patients-consommateurs. Plus particulièrement, notre recherche vise par le biais d’une étude qualitative et quantitative à améliorer l’efficacité des communications des acteurs de santé pour réduire le risque perçu à l’achat des génériques. Il s’agit plus précisément d’étudier les variables susceptibles d’expliquer l’attitude envers la substitution, mais aussi de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués, et de mettre en lumière les variables les plus à même à expliquer l’intention d’achat d’un médicament générique (vs princeps). Ainsi, nous avons cherché à explorer les facteurs explicatifs de la perception et de la réduction du risque envers les génériques à travers des entretiens semi-directifs individuels menés auprès de 24 patients-consommateurs. Les résultats de l’étude quantitative menée auprès de 303 personnes, soulignent que (1) le risque perçu envers la substitution et l’attitude envers les génériques médiatisent la relation entre le risque perçu envers les génériques et l’attitude envers la substitution, (2) la confiance dans la source d’informations (pharmacien et médecin) modère la relation entre l’attitude envers la substitution et l’intention d’achat d’un médicament générique (vs princeps) et (3) l’effet d’interaction entre le capital marque du médicament générique : faible (vs fort), la chronicité de la maladie : non chronique (vs chronique) et le taux de remboursement : 65% (vs 100%) sur l’intention d’achat d’un médicament générique (vs princeps) est validé. Sur un plan théorique, la recherche permet d’éclairer la littérature sur le risque perçu en matière de santé, notamment en mobilisant un concept issu de la médecine « l’effet nocebo». Les implications managériales sont multiples, tant pour les laboratoires pharmaceutiques génériqueurs, d’une part, que pour les pharmaciens, les médecins et enfin les pouvoirs publics décideurs des politiques de communication en faveur des médicaments génériques, d’autre part. / This thesis aims to understand the obstacles to the purchase of generic drugs in patients-consumers. More specifically, it aims, through a qualitative and a quantitative study, to improve the efficiency of communication of health actors to reduce the perceived risk in buying generics. More precisely, it intends to examine the variables that explain the patients-consumers attitudes towards the substitution, to understand the mechanisms involved in this process and to highlight the most likely variables that explain the intention of purchasing a generic (vs brand name) drug. Thus, we aimed to explore the factors that explain the perception and reduction of risks towards the generic drugs by conducting individual semi-structured interviews with 24 patients-consumers. The results of the quantitative study of 303 individuals point out that (1) the perceived risk towards the substitution and the attitude towards generic drugs mediate the relationship between the perceived risk towards generic drugs and attitude towards substitution, (2) the trust in the information source (pharmacist and physician) moderates the relationship between the attitude towards substitution and the intention of purchasing a generic (vs brand name) drug and (3) the interaction effect between the brand equity of generic drug : low (vs strong ), the chronicity of disease : non chronic (vs chronic) and the repayment rate : 65% (vs 100%) on the intention purchase generic (vs brand name) drug is validated. Theoretically, the research sheds light on the literature on the perceived risk in health, including mobilizing a concept from the medicine "Nocebo effect". The managerial implications are manifold for generic pharmaceutical industry as well as for pharmacists, physicians, and, finally government makers of communications policies for generic drugs.