In this paper the military utility of additive manufacturing of spare parts during international deployment is explored. We also analyze the effect that additive manufacturing has on technical availability. International deployment can be tough for logistical reasons and this leads to a difficulty in supplying ground troops with spare parts. If the spare parts cannot be acquired in the deployment area these have to be shipped from central distribution centers or be ordered directly from the industries. Some spare parts are uncommon and not stored in distribution centers but only get manufactured on order. This type of production can lead to delivery times of up to 40-50 weeks. With additive manufacturing this process could be shortened to 4-10 weeks. Conclusions that can be drawn is that additive manufacturing has military utility and can give a higher technical availability, given that a few technical difficulties are resolved. At this point there is a shortcoming in the number of qualified materials for printing spare parts for regular vehicles and this makes it difficult for the industry to approve of spare parts constructed with additive manufacturing. The winning in technical availability is directly linked to how difficult the deployment area is to reach for logistical units. Additive manufacturing has a higher positive effect in areas that are hard to reach. / I denna uppsats undersöks den millitära nyttan med additiv tillverkning av reservdelar för markförband under internationell insats och hur detta kan påverka den tekniska tillgängligheten på systemen. Internationella insatser kan kräva långa logistikkedjor vilket innebär att reservdelar som inte kan införskaffas i närområdet måste fraktas från en bakre underhållsnivå eller beställas direkt från leverantör. Vid vissa tillfällen med skador på system som kräver nyproduktion av reservdelar från tillverkare, kan det i dagsläget ta upp till 40-50 veckor. Med additiv tillverkning kan förloppet kortas ner betydligt och tillverkningstiden blir istället 4-10 veckor. Slutsatser som kan dras är att additiv tillverkning har en militär nytta och kan ge en högre teknisk tillgänglighet, förutsatt att en del tekniska svårigheter klaras ut. I dagsläget finns det brister i mängden kvalificerade material för utskrifter till vanliga fordon vilket gör det svårt för industrin att godkänna reservdelarna som en ordinarie reparationsmetod i sina produkter. Vinsten i teknisk tillgänglighet är också kopplad till hur svårtillgängligt insatsområdet är. Desto svårtillgängligare området är desto större vinst medför additiv tillverkning.

The diploma thesis is focused on 3D printing of composites parts. Thesis deals with methods of additive manufacturing and describes principle of selected 3D printing technologies. In addition to additive technologies, the theoretical part presents an overview of composite materials and methods of composite production. Then there are four concepts that lead to 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites components. The final concept is selected according to multi-criteria analysis and then designed. Designed extruder allows 3D printing of composite materials. The principle of the function consists of fiber impregnation by matrix inside the heat chamber and then deposition of composite on printing platform. The extruder also consist of fiber cutting mechanism. The extruder's ability is verified by the experiment.

This thesis deals with improvement of 3D-manipulator which is currently used for 3D printing. The improvement involves adding a new printer head which will be able to acquire various colors by mixing up to three materials. Furthermore, device is extended with milling as a finishing process responsible for better surface quality of printed object.

Peintre à la cour du duc René II en 1506 et actif à Strasbourg jusqu’à la fin de la deuxième décennie du XVIe siècle, Hans Wechtlin n’a plus fait l’objet d’une monographie depuis 1907. Il s'agit de combler cette lacune dans la perspective d’une connaissance renouvelée de la production artistique en Lorraine et dans l’aire germanique méridionale, ainsi que des comportements en matière de commandes de peintures, de vitraux et de gravures sur bois à la veille de la Réforme. En partant d’une nouvelle forme de contextualisation artistique, l’étude entend donc questionner l’itinéraire de ce peintre, connu uniquement à travers son œuvre gravé, afin de mettre en lumière les relations qu’il a pu entretenir avec d’autres artistes et imprimeurs. Au terme de ce parcours, l’établissement d’un catalogue raisonné de ses œuvres permet de mieux cerner l’étendue et l’impact des productions de ce représentant de l’art graphique rhénan. / A court painter to Duke of Lorraine René II in 1506 and an artist active in Strasbourg until the end of the second decade of the 16th century, Hans Wechtlin has yet not been the subject of any monograph since 1907. The present work therefore aims at filling the gap by renewing the knowledge of artistic production in Lorraine and in the southern Germanic area, as well as customs regarding commissioned paintings, stained-glass windows andwoodcuts on the eve of Reformation.Based on a new form of artistic contextualization, this study questions the itinerary of a painter of whom everything but his legacy remains unknown until this day, in order to bring his relationships to other artists and printers into light. Finally, a comprehensive, annotated listing of his complete works reveals the extend and impact of the productions of a major figure of Rhenish graphic arts.

The project focuses on the packaging process of the smart card manufacturing industry. The idea of the project concerns how to increase production packaging efficiency by introducing a control system. After taking an in-depth look at the current production environment, the following system goals were defined: packaging time reduction, cost reduction, decrease in human errors, and reducing the number of customer complaints. To achieve these goals, the thesis project was divided into the following tasks: discovering a feasible solution, actual system development, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system is based on hardware (i.e. barcode scanner, and barcode printer) integrated with customized control software. The barcode scanner acts as a bridge between the system and the production process by scanning a barcode printed on each product. The system prints the required information label for the product’s package according to the scanned product. This label is pasted on the product’s box and is used as a tracking tool during further production steps. The system is very flexible and suits any packaging model. Other functional properties maintained in the system include data security, product traceability, and real time production monitoring. Testing of the system was done in an actual production environment at an Oberthur Technologies manufacturing site. Two production lines were selected to test the system’s functionality, specifically the SIM card production packaging line and the Scratch card/ Bank Card production packaging line. The results obtained during the evaluation phase of the proposed system show that the proposed solution decreased the packaging processing time by (27.3%) over the previous values. Moreover, the resulting human error rate is close to (zero%). / Projektet fokuserar på förpackningen processen smartkortet tillverkningsindustrin. Tanken med projektet handlar om hur att öka effektiviteten produktionen förpackningar genom att införa ett styrsystem. Efter att ha tagit en fördjupad titt på den nuvarande produktionsmiljö, var följande systemkrav mål definieras: nedsättning förpackning tid, minskade kostnader, minskad mänskliga fel och minska antalet kundklagomål. För att uppnå dessa mål var examensarbetet indelad i följande uppgifter: att upptäcka en genomförbar lösning, faktisk systemutveckling, testning och utvärdering. Det föreslagna systemet bygger på hårdvara (dvs streckkodsläsare och streckkod skrivare) integreras med skräddarsydd styrprogram. Den streckkodsläsare fungerar som en bro mellan systemet och produktionsprocessen genom att läsa en streckkod tryckt på varje produkt. Systemet skriver den erforderliga informationen etiketten för produktens förpackning enligt den scannade produkten. Denna etikett klistras in på produktens ask och används som ett verktyg för spårning under ytterligare produktionssteg. Systemet är mycket flexibelt och passar varje förpackning modell. Andra funktionella egenskaper bibehålls i systemet inkluderar datasäkerhet, spårbarhet och i realtid övervakning av produktionen. Testning av systemet gjordes i en verklig produktionsmiljö i ett Oberthur Technologies tillverkningsanläggning. Två produktionslinjer valdes för att testa systemets funktionalitet, särskilt i SIM-kortet produktionen förpackning linje och skrapkort / Bank kortproduktion förpackningslinje. De resultat som erhållits under utvärderingsfasen av det föreslagna systemet visar att den föreslagna lösningen minskade tiden förpackningen behandling av (27,3 %) jämfört med föregående värden. Dessutom är den resulterande mänskliga fel som ligger nära (noll %).

In 3D-printers, accurate control of temperature is important and most often a thermistor is used to regulate it. However, while thermistors are cheap, they tend to be quite inaccurate at the wide temperature range of 3D-printers. And since they need to be in contact with the object they are measuring, they have to withstand the temperature that the object operates in. This work explores the possibility and viability of using a contactless solution for temperature feedback for the PID-regulator in 3D-printers instead of thermistors. Originally this work was supposed to use a thermal camera but because of unforeseen shipping problems, the thermal camera did not arrive in time, instead an IR-thermometer was used. The work was done by modifying the software of the 3D-printer to receive temperature from an external source, two available pins on the motherboard of the 3D printer were connected to a Raspberry Pi and with a custom made communication protocol and modified firmware, temperature data could be transferred between them. An IR-thermometer was mounted on the extruder of the 3D-printer, measuring the temperature of the heating block, it was also connected to the Raspberry Pi and its reported temperature was sent to the 3D-printer. To measure the performance of the different solutions, important data was logged and a visual inspection of printed parts were conducted. The results of the work showed that it was possible to replace the thermistor with a contactless IR-thermometer with a print quality that was on par with the original solution. It was also found that the IR-thermometer had a faster response-time to changes in temperature compared to the thermistor. The IR-thermometer should also have a wider object temperature-range than the thermistor but because this work was delimited to one specific thermoplastic material with one temperature-range, this was not tested. In conclusion the contactless solution had a result better than expected and is a promising proof of concept. The price of the contactless solution is magnitudes higher than that of the thermistor but with its promising accuracy and response time to changes in temperature it could be a viable solution for industrial applications.

This is a study of official documents published by and for the Cape colonial Parliament from the mid nineteenth century, when the parliamentary system of government began in South Africa, to the early years of the twentieth century, when the Cape colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa. The constitutional framework within which government and parliamentary publishing took place is outlined, and the relevance of each type of document to the work of Parliament and the present-day researcher is explained. Emphasis has been placed on the administration of the publishing process from conceptualization through the printing stages to distribution and finally to the disposal of surplus material. The study concludes with an investigation of the current status of Cape parliamentary publications respecting preservation issues and the exploitation of the material for research purposes in libraries and archives, and some remarks on future trends. Particular attention has been given to use of the Dutch language in the predominantly English language Cape Parliament and the hitherto neglected effect this had on official publishing. Copious footnotes and seven appendixes have been supplied to make this study thoroughly comprehensive. / Information Science / M.Info. (Information Science)

Volvo Cars in Skövde manufacture and assemble Volvo engines. When attaching the ignition coil to all 4-cylinder engines, a special mounting tool is required. This mounting tool is currently manufactured from injection-molded polyoxymethylene (POM), a thermoplastic. It has been noted that the life span of the tool is shortened as a result of abrasive wear that occurs during the attachment process of the ignition coil. An investigation of the possibility of manufacturing the mounting tool with a 3D-printer is undertaken in cooperation with ÅF, a consultant to Volvo Cars. A literature study is first presented to introduce broader knowledge on the subject. The abrasive wear and other material characteristics such as tensile strength, compressive strength and elongation of  POM and an alternative material for 3D-printing,  Ultem™, an amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimide are discussed.  These material characteristics are studied further and considered in tandem with both a theoretical analysis and a wear experiment, based on the pin-on-disc method. It is shown in the theoretical analysis that the wear is approximately six times larger for Ultem™ when compared to POM. The wear resistance of Ultem™ is highest when wear occurs parallel to the direction of the printed layers. In contrast, the experiment shows that the wear is about three times larger in Ultem™ than in POM.  The highest tensile strength of Ultem™ is also found in the direction of the printed layers. Some issues with the small elongation of the 3D-printed material are presented. It is recommended that ÅF apply the 3D-printing technique with Ultem™ only for construction details with complex geometries and where the material elongation will not exceed 5%. It is also recommended that ÅF both support and contribute to this innovative technique in order to develop leading edge competence in the subject. / Volvo Cars i Skövde tillverkar och monterar Volvomotorer. Vid monteringen av tändspolen till alla 4-cylindriga motorer behövs ett monteringsverktyg. Detta monteringsverktyg tillverkas för närvarande från formsprutad termoplast polyoximetylen (POM). Det har noterats att livslängden av verktyget förkortas på grund av abrasiv nötning som uppkommer under monteringsprocessen av tändspolen. Möjligheterna att tillverka monteringsverktyget med en 3D-skrivare utvärderas i samverkan med ÅF, en konsult till Volvo Cars. En litteraturstudie presenteras för att introducera en bredare kunskap i ämnet. Den abrasiva nötningen och materialegenskaper såsom draghållfasthet, tryckhållfasthet samt töjning hos POM och ett alternativt material för 3D-skrivning, Ultem™, en amorf termoplast polyeterimid, behandlas. Dessa materialegenskaper studeras vidare och tas i beaktning med både en teoretisk analys och ett nötningsexperiment, baserat på pin-on-disc metoden. Enligt den teoretiska analysen är nötningen hos Ultem™ approximativt 6 gånger större vid jämförelsen med POM. Nötningsbeständigheten hos Ultem™ är högst då nötning sker parallellt med 3D-skrivningsriktningen av lagren. Nötningsexperimenten visar att nötningen hos Ultem™ är ungefär 3 gånger större vid jämförelsen med POM. Den högsta draghållfastheten hos Ultem™ uppkommer också parallellt med 3D-skrivningsriktningen av lagren. Problem med den låga töjningen hos det 3D-skrivna materialet behandlas. ÅF rekommenderas att tillämpa 3D-skrivning med materialet Ultem™ främst för detaljer med komplexa geometrier med en töjning som inte överskrider 5 %. ÅF rekommenderas även att både stödja och bidra till denna innovativa teknik för att kunna skapa en ledande expertis i ämnet.

This is a study of official documents published by and for the Cape colonial Parliament from the mid nineteenth century, when the parliamentary system of government began in South Africa, to the early years of the twentieth century, when the Cape colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa. The constitutional framework within which government and parliamentary publishing took place is outlined, and the relevance of each type of document to the work of Parliament and the present-day researcher is explained. Emphasis has been placed on the administration of the publishing process from conceptualization through the printing stages to distribution and finally to the disposal of surplus material. The study concludes with an investigation of the current status of Cape parliamentary publications respecting preservation issues and the exploitation of the material for research purposes in libraries and archives, and some remarks on future trends. Particular attention has been given to use of the Dutch language in the predominantly English language Cape Parliament and the hitherto neglected effect this had on official publishing. Copious footnotes and seven appendixes have been supplied to make this study thoroughly comprehensive. / Information Science / M.Info. (Information Science)

This dissertation thesis is focused on the search for the presence of DIY (Do It Yourself) technologies in the practice of digital sculpting, from the beginnings of this progressive way of creation to the present. The work, through three thematic areas, answers the main research questions: What kind of technology is or has the DIY phenomenon been represented in digital sculpture? How have these technologies influenced and are influencing the development and direction of digital sculpture? Within the first thematic area, the presence of the DIY phenomenon in the beginnings of digital creation of a spatial work of art is mapped until the moment of constituting the concept of Digital Sculpture, as a designation of this new way of creation. The second area deals with specific technologies of digital sculpture, in terms of technical tools and their DIY alternatives. The development of these alternative technologies and their influence on the gradual democratization of digital sculpture tools is investigated. The third area examines the creative methods of DIY, which have been integrated into the practice of digital sculpture.