Purpose: To estimate the willingness and ability of private plans to manage costs during the generic drug procurement reform era that began in 2006 in Canada. Two cost management aspects were assessed; the prices paid for generic drugs and the extent to which private plans have enacted measures to increase generic substitution. Methods: IMS-Brogan Pharmastat data was used to estimate the price of commonly prescribed generic drugs and generic share of prescriptions, by plan type, province and quarter from 2003 to 2012. Results: Prices did not decline unless the provincial governments mandated the reductions. Savings from this mandate was approximately $264 million in Ontario. Rates of generic substitution were unaffected by the price reductions, possibly because the rates were high beforehand. Conclusion: Private plans did not independently obtain lower generic prices. Due to already high substitution rates, there may have been limited potential for additional savings from mandatory substitution controls.

Purpose: To estimate the willingness and ability of private plans to manage costs during the generic drug procurement reform era that began in 2006 in Canada. Two cost management aspects were assessed; the prices paid for generic drugs and the extent to which private plans have enacted measures to increase generic substitution. Methods: IMS-Brogan Pharmastat data was used to estimate the price of commonly prescribed generic drugs and generic share of prescriptions, by plan type, province and quarter from 2003 to 2012. Results: Prices did not decline unless the provincial governments mandated the reductions. Savings from this mandate was approximately $264 million in Ontario. Rates of generic substitution were unaffected by the price reductions, possibly because the rates were high beforehand. Conclusion: Private plans did not independently obtain lower generic prices. Due to already high substitution rates, there may have been limited potential for additional savings from mandatory substitution controls.

This dissertation is focused on an analysis of economic policies toward the private insurance industry in the Czech lands between 1938 and 1945 and a description of insurance policy confiscations by the Nazi authorities. It examines the division of insurance companies after the Munich Pact and the subsequent new spheres of influence in the insurance industry. It looks closely at the new conditions for the industry within the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its development from 1939 to 1945. The author describes different strategies through which Nazi authorities and German companies increased their control over protectorate insurance companies and how the confiscated assets were transferred to Germany. The process of Aryanization is also explained.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The Brazilian State is featured by the incorporation of several social rights as well as values and goals to be implemented. The quest for a social reality transformation through the implementation of social justice and through the construction of a free and sympathizing society has not only the State as an actor, but also the individuals. Although the freedom of economic initiative is recognized as a principle, an act detached from constitutional goals and disconnected from legitimate values of economic activities is not authorized. This private social responsibility recognition from individual acting indispensability as an actor, and not as a simple spectator of social transformation justifies the State performance through regulation tools in order to have economic activities comply with constitutional goals being, therefore, in the implementation of social transformation sought by constitutional guidelines, the legitimacy to impose the behaviors to be accomplished by individuals. Nevertheless, it is in health insurance where the indispensability of the State action is shown, from the observation that the market has not enough tools to avoid the practice of misuses in detriment of consumers. At the same time constitutional recognition of public relevance for private health insurance indicates the requirement for a sharpest regulation, in view of the rights involved. Therefore, the public relevance for private health insurance, the evidence of market insufficiency as a control tool for the sector and the need of private agents to take over an active role in social transformation legitimate the State action. This recognition allows the conclusion that initiative freedom does not set impediment to State control and regulation of private activities. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the initiative freedom of health insurance companies to its social responsibilities as an explanation for the narrow state control of health insurance agreements. / O Estado brasileiro caracteriza-se pela incorporação de inúmeros direitos sociais, assim como valores e objetivos a serem implementados. A busca da transformação da realidade social pela implementação da justiça social e construção de uma sociedade livre e solidária tem como atores não só o Estado, mas também os particulares. Ainda que seja reconhecida a liberdade de iniciativa econômica como princípio, não está autorizado um agir desvinculado dos objetivos constitucionais e desconectado dos valores legitimadores das atividades econômicas. Esse reconhecimento da responsabilidade social privada, a partir da imprescindibilidade do agir individual como ator, e não mero expectador, da transformação social, justifica a atuação do Estado por meio de instrumentos de regulação para conformar as atividades econômicas aos objetivos constitucionais, estando, pois, na implementação da transformação social buscada pelas diretrizes constitucionais, a legitimidade para imposição de comportamentos a serem realizados pelos particulares. Mas é na saúde suplementar que se evidencia a imprescindibilidade da atuação do Estado, a partir da constatação de que o mercado não possui instrumentos suficientes para evitar a prática de condutas abusivas em detrimento dos consumidores. Ao mesmo tempo, o reconhecimento constitucional da relevância pública da assistência privada à saúde indica a exigência de regulação mais contundente, ante a sensibilidade dos direitos envolvidos. Assim, a relevância pública da assistência privada à saúde, a evidência da insuficiência do mercado como mecanismo de controle do setor e a necessidade de assunção pelos agentes privados de papel ativo na transformação social legitimam a atuação do Estado. Esse reconhecimento permite a conclusão de que a liberdade de iniciativa não configura óbice para a fiscalização e regulação estatal das atividades privadas. Busca-se, portanto, por meio desse trabalho, a conformação da liberdade de iniciativa das operadoras de planos de saúde à sua responsabilidade social como justificativa para o estreito controle estatal dos contratos de planos de saúde.

Submitted by Daniel Schmitt (daniel@schmitt.adv.br) on 2017-03-08T14:29:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Publicação Direito Rio (publicacao.direitorio@fgv.br) on 2017-03-15T18:39:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV - Trabalho de Qualificação da Dissertação (DS) (28-02-17).pdf: 1238374 bytes, checksum: 77427104099be295ae4735e8aae098ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This paper deals with the repressive regime in the private insurance market ('MSP'), supervised by SUSEP – Superintendência de Seguros Privados. The research focus is to investigate the structure and the application of the norms that govern SUSEP's regulatory activity, regarding the application of the administrative sanction of fine on the individual offender. The administrative accountability in these cases is analyzed. For that, the theory of sanctioning is dealt with, dealing with the violation and the administrative sanction, especially the administrative penalty of fine. Some of the main principles of administrative sanctioning law are also highlighted, such as due process, lawfulness, characteristics and culpability. It also addresses the issue of relativisation of legality in special compliance regimes. These issues are displayed in an environment of sectoral regulation, therefore, contextualizing the sanctioning power of regulatory agencies. The repressive regime of the MSP is systematized. It identifies the National Council of Private Insurance (CNSP), the Resource Council of the National Private Insurance System (CRSNSP) and SUSEP. The normative archetype of the repressive regime of the MSP is presented, especially CNSP Resolution 243/11. A confrontation between SUSEP's guidelines and decisions of the CRSNSP in the opposite direction is made, regarding the imposition of the administrative penalty of fine on the individual offender, due to its administrative responsibility. At the end, as an outcome of the research, a set of constraints that ensure a more consistent application of the administrative penalty of fines on individuals - when considered as offenders in the MSP – is proposed. / O presente trabalho aborda o regime repressivo no mercado de seguros privados ('MSP'), fiscalizado pela Superintendência de Seguros Privados (SUSEP). O problema de pesquisa é investigar a estrutura e a aplicação das normas que regem a atividade regulatória da SUSEP, no que toca a aplicação da sanção administrativa de multa sobre o infrator pessoa física. Analisa-se a responsabilização administrativa realizada nestes casos. Para tanto, aborda-se a teoria da sanção, tratando do ilícito e da sanção administrativa, em especial da penalidade administrativa de multa. Alguns princípios informadores do direito administrativo sancionador também são destacados, tais como o devido processo legal, a legalidade, a tipicidade e a culpabilidade. Aborda-se, também, a questão da relativização da legalidade nos regimes de sujeição especial. Estas questões são expostas em um ambiente de regulação setorial, portanto, contextualizando-se o poder sancionador dos órgãos reguladores. É realizada a sistematização do regime repressivo do MSP. Identifica-se o Conselho Nacional de Seguros Privados (CNSP), o Conselho de Recursos do Sistema Nacional de Seguros Privados (CRSNSP) e a SUSEP. O arquétipo normativo do regime repressivo do MSP é descrito, destacando-se a Resolução CNSP no 243/11. Realiza-se um confronto entre orientações da SUSEP e decisões do CRSNSP em sentido contrário, a respeito da imposição da sanção administrativa de multa sobre o infrator pessoa física, em razão da sua responsabilização administrativa. Ao final, como resultado de pesquisa, propõe-se um conjunto de condicionantes que asseguram uma aplicação juridicamente mais consistente da penalidade administrativa de multa sobre as pessoas físicas, quando consideradas como infratores no MSP.