The traditional pen-paper sketching is extensively used in the early stages of product design as it supports creative exploration of product concepts and provides a fluidic mode for the expression of ideas. The Computer Aided Design (CAD) models support the later stages of design and manufacturing process. Faithful conversion of the designer’s ideas from concept sketches to the CAD models is a skill intensive and time consuming exercise which reduces the overall productivity of the organization. Providing computer based support can help the designer, in several ways, by reducing demand on the skill and allow focusing more on creative exploration of the concepts. Towards that, the thesis presents methodologies to understand the product concept sketches, support cognitive activities like perceiving the composition and behaviour, and create and interact with the sketches, directly in 3D. To begin with, traditional 2D sketches of product concepts are studied mainly to explores the psychological (cognitive) and physiological (musculoskeletal) activities of the designer in the context of the product being designed. A sketching application is created for capturing the sketches created using a tablet in digitized form. The captured data is analyzed based on the identified parameters. A grouping methodology is devised to group the stroke based on the observations which are akin to Gestalt laws of perceptual organization. This functional grouping or segmentation is used to identify the mental model of the product concept and the design rationale behind it. In concept sketches, annotations carry information like behaviour, functionality and usage. These wishful declarations need to be verified through simulation! To simulate the behavior of the components identified by the functional segmentation method, a kinematic model is defined where the designers interactively describe the constituents like joints, fixed links, inputs, etc. The interactive simulation changes the underlying kinematic model and makes the sketches to move to show the behavior. This system also provides methods to verify boundary constraints and allows creating patterns. Traditional 2D sketching suffers from several deficiencies. To overcome these, a novel direct 3D sketching methodology is proposed with stereo vision and haptic feedback. Different types of strokes creations like curves, strips and sweep surfaces, directly in 3D space, are demonstrated. Further, to provide control over stroke creation process, visual and haptic feedbacks are studied. Haptic rendering schemes for stroke generation are explored based on mechanics of sketching. Using the curve generation methods, surface generation schemes are devised. Mainly two types of schemes are explored (a) sweep surface and (b) Hatching surfaces. To support constrained concept exploration, two types of haptic constraints are modeled and their application is demonstrated in constraining a sketch within a boundary and outside a boundary. Motion constraints are implemented by simulating the behaviour of identified components’ motions. Two types of motion are implemented (a) Linear translation and (b) Rotation about an axis. Finally, a sketch based distributed collaboration method is presented to enable design interaction in the context of global product development. Several issues related to the realization of a sketch based collaborative conceptual design system are explored and, one such instance is demonstrated through experiments.

Nos anos recentes tem-se percebido o interesse pela contribuição do design na inovação e nos negócios, mas esta visão com foco no design, por outro lado, ainda não está plenamente inserida na estratégia da indústria. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar não só a cultura de design na micro e pequena indústria, tomando como exemplo o setor moveleiro no estado de São Paulo, como também, dentro do contexto estratégico, quais são os fatores que interferem e decidem o sucesso ou não da inserção da ferramenta de design e sua gestão. Neste sentido,são estudados os aspectos relativos ao design como diferencial do negócio, a estrutura organizacional das micro e pequenas indústrias, a Gestão de Design como sistema integrador de competências, seu consumidor, e como toda esta estrutura desenvolve as características do design na organização, para finalmente propor um modelo teórico que possa indicar soluções estratégicas para a inserção do design dentro da Micro e Pequena Indústria. A tese inicia-se na proposta de que o design e sua gestão podem alavancar a indústria pela sua visão estratégica, trazendo não só inovação nos conceitos desenvolvidos, própria da cultura do design, bem como sendo um fator integrador de estratégias no âmbito do design e do marketing. O estudo mostra que a Gestão de Design e o Modelo teórico aqui proposto podem ser um componente importante para implementar soluções competitivas e integradoras com outras ferramentas estratégicas da organização. / In recent years, there has been great interest in design innovation and contribution to the business; however, this business vision, focusing on design, is not yet fully in line with the industry strategy. This thesis aims to examine not only the design culture in the Micro and Small Industry, taking as an example the furniture sector in the State of São Paulo, but also within the strategic context and business. These factors interfere with and help decide the success or failure of an integration design tool and its management. In this sense, the aspects studied are design as a differential business, the organizational structure of Micro and Small Industries, Design Management as a system integrator skill, customers, and how all this structure develops the design features in the organization to finally propose a theoretical model that can indicate strategic solutions for integrating design within the business vision. The thesis begins by proposing that design and management can leverage the industry towards its strategic vision, not only innovating developed concepts, its own design culture, but integrating factor strategies in design and marketing as well. The study shows that Design Management and the Theoretical Model proposed herein can be an important component to implement competitive solutions and integrated with other strategic organizational tools.

Fiber-reinforced composites comprise an important class of lightweight materials which are finding increasing applications in engineering structures including body components of automobiles and aircraft. Traditionally, synthetic fibers made of glass, carbon, etc. along with a polymeric resin have constituted the most common composites. However, due to environmental concern, occupational health safety considerations, higher cost, etc., research has been focused on substituting synthetic fibers, especially glass fibers with safer, economic and biodegradable natural fibers. Due to the ease of availability and affordability in terms of cost, woven jute mats, among a wide variety of natural fiber-based reinforcements, offer a good choice in combination with a suitable resin such as polyester or epoxy for fabrication of composite laminates. In structural applications, joining of parts made of jute fiber-reinforced composites (JFRCs) would be a natural requirement. Alternatives to joining processes for metals such as welding, riveting, etc. are required for composites. A joining process of high potential is adhesive bonding which has the advantages of reducing stress concentration, permitting fastening of dissimilar materials, etc. In the present study, adhesively bonded joints of JFRCs and their mechanical behavior are investigated under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions. Initially, characterization of substrates is carried out under monotonic loading. This is followed by determination of stress- Strain curves, failure load and mean shear strength of bonded joints as functions of joint curing temperature and overlap length using a two-part structural epoxy adhesive. All tests are carried out according to relevant ASTM standards. It has been observed that higher curing temperatures give rise to only marginally high failure load and mean shear stress at failure compared to curing at room temperature. For a given curing temperature, failure load increases while mean shear strength decreases with respect to overlap length in both types of joints. As fatigue failure is a crucial consideration in design, the behavior of adhesively bonded JFRC joints is studied for the first time under cyclic loading conditions leading to the commonly-used S-N curve for characterization of failure of materials at different loading-unloading cycles. Interestingly, the fatigue strength for infinite life of adhesively bonded JFRC joints turns out to be approximately 30% of the quasi-static strength, a correlation which usually applies to materials in general. The effect of joint overlap length on fatigue life is studied and it is observed that the above relation between fatigue and quasi static strength is retained for different overlap lengths. Additionally, insights are provided into failure modes of joints under different loading conditions and for varying overlap lengths. Various empirical predictors such as exponent, power and hybrid models fitting the S-N curve are obtained and their relative efficacy (in terms of Coefficient of Determination R2, Adjusted-R2, Akaike’s Information Criterion and Residual Sum of Squares) enumerated in prediction of failure load including quasi-static failure load. As numerical simulation is an indispensable tool in designing geometrically complex structures under nonlinear conditions including failure and contact, finite element modeling of JFRC substrates, bulk adhesive and adhesively bonded joints has been investigated using implicit and explicit LS-DYNA solvers. In this context, the effects of various modeling parameters (mesh size and loading rate) and details of constitutive models capable of capturing plasticity and failure in an orthotropic composite and isotropic adhesive are discussed. Mesh size has been found to be an important parameter affecting computed results. Finally, a good correlation within ~(4% - 7%) was found between the predicted and experimental results for JFRC substrates, bulk adhesive and adhesively bonded single lap joints.

The focus of the present work is natural human like grasping, for realistic performance simulations in digital human modelling (DHM) environment. The performance simulation for grasping in DHM is typically done through high level commands to the digital human models (DHMs). This calls for a natural and unambiguous scheme to describe a grasp which would implicitly accommodate variations due to the hand form, object form and hand kinematics. A novel relational description scheme is developed towards this purpose. The grasp is modelled as a spatio-temporal relationship between the patches (a closed region on the surface) in the hand and the object. The task dependency of the grasp affects only the choice of the relevant patches. Thus, the present scheme of grasp description enables a human like grasp description possible. Grasping can be simulated either in an interactive command mode as discussed above or in an autonomous mode. In the autonomous mode the patches have to be computed. It is done using a psychological concept, of affordance. This scheme is employed to select a tool from a set of tools. Various types of grasps a user may adopt while grasping a spanner for manipulating a nut is simulated. Grasping of objects by human evolves through distinct naturally occurring phases, such as re-oreintation, transport and preshape. Hand is taken to the object ballpark using a novel concept of virtual object. Before contact establishment hand achieves the shape similar to the global shape of the object, called preshaping. Various hand preshape strategies are simulating using an optimization scheme. Since the focus of the present work is human like grasping, the mechanism which drives the DHMs should also be anatomically pertinent. A methodology is developed wherein the hand-object contact establishment is done based on the anatomical observation of logarithmic spiral pattern during finger flexion. The effect of slip in presence of friction has been studied for 2D and 3D object grasping endeavours and a computational generation of the slip locus is done. The in-grasp slip studies are also done which simulates the finger and object response to slip. It is desirable that the grasping performance simulations be validated for diverse hands that people have. In the absence of an available database of articulated bio-fidelic digital hands, this work develops a semi-automatic methodology for developing subject specific hand models from a single pose 3D laser scan of the subject's hand. The methodology is based on the clinical evidence that creases and joint locations on human hand are strongly correlated. The hand scan is segmented into palm, wrist and phalanges, both manually and computationally. The computational segmentation is based on the crease markings in the hand scan, which is identified by explicitly painting them using a mesh processing software by the user. Joint locations are computed on this segmented hand. A 24 dof kinematic structure is automatically embedded into the hand scan. The joint axes are computed using a novel palm plane normal concept. The computed joint axes are rectified using the convergence, and intra-finger constraints. The methodology is significantly tolerant to the noise in the scan and the pose of the hand. With the proposed methodology articulated, realistic, custom hand models can be generated. Thus, the reported work presents a geometric framework for comprehensive simulation of grasping performance in a DHM environment.

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are now finding extensive uses in various fields from household articles to automobiles. These composites can score high compared to common synthetic fiber-based composites, notably glass fiber-reinforced composites, in areas such as occupational safety and health, and impact on environment. The current research work is motivated by the need for exploring jute fibers as replacement for glass fibers for various engineering design applications including more demanding impact protection applications as in automotive body structures. In the current work, detailed mechanical characterization of jute-polyester (JP) composite laminates till failure has been carried out for tensile, compressive and flexural loads by varying volume fraction of jute fibers. The effect of fiber volume fraction on mechanical properties is shown. Because of the potency of closed thin-walled components as structural energy-absorbers, a comprehensive experimental study has been performed, for the first time, comparing the behaviors of various geometric sections of JP and glass-polyester (GP) composite tubes under axial quasi-static and low velocity impact loading. Additionally, for jute-reinforced plastic panels to be feasible solutions for applications such as automotive interior trim panels, laminates made of such materials should have adequate perforation resistance. Thus, a detailed comparative study has been carried out for assessing the performance of JP laminates vis-a-vis GP plates under low velocity impact perforation conditions. As high-end product design is heavily driven by CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering), the current research work has also focused on the challenging task of developing reliable modeling procedures for explicit finite element analysis using LS-DYNA for predicting load-displacement responses and failures of JP composites under quasi-static and impact loading conditions. In order to extend the applications of JP composites to structurally demanding applications, hybrid laminates made of jute-steel composites and jute with nanoclay-reinforced polyester have been investigated and the considerable enhancement of mechanical properties due to hybridization is shown. Furthermore, a comprehensive study has been conducted on the behavior of JP laminates for varying degrees of moisture content until saturation, and the efficacy of hybrid laminates in this context has been shown.

Entwerfen – Entwickeln – Erleben. Drei zentrale Begriffe aus dem Alltag der Produktentwicklung stehen als Motto über den Beiträgen dieses Buches und sind das verbindende Element zwischen den differenzierten Sichtweisen der einzelnen Autoren zu einem gemeinsamen Gegenstand: Dieser umspannt das weite Feld der Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Produkten von der ersten Idee bis zu deren Benutzung. Dabei ist für den Designer das Ziel allen Entwerfens und Entwickelns das positive Erleben des Produktes durch dessen Benutzer. Aber bereits beim Entwerfen, d. h. dem Schaffen von Neuem, bei dem Ideen generiert und Wege zur Umsetzung in ein Produkt gesucht werden und beim Entwickeln, dem Ausarbeiten, Erproben, Verändern und detaillierten Festlegung aller Produkteigenschaften, möchte der Designer vorwegnehmen, wie das künftige Produkt auf den Nutzer wirken wird. Doch der Designer tut das nicht allein. Die integrierte Produktentwicklung ist ein sehr komplexer Prozess, in dem viele verschiedene Fachdisziplinen eng zusammenarbeiten müssen, um am Markt erfolgreiche Produkte platzieren zu können. Zum Thema Industriedesign in komplexen und interdisziplinären Entwicklungsprozessen wird durch dieses Buch ein weiterer Baustein hinzugefügt. Dieses Buch enthält die Beiträge zum Technischen Design (Industriedesign, Transportation Design und Produkterleben) der Konferenz Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben 2012. Ein separater Band, herausgegeben von Ralph Stelzer et al. (ISBN 978-3-942710-80-0) enthält die Textfassungen der Fachvorträge zu den thematischen Schwerpunkten Virtuelle Produktentwicklung (CAD-Einsatzszenarien, Virtual Reality und Product Lifecycle Management), Konstruktion (Konstruktionstechnik und -methodik, Reverse Engineering und Maschinenelemente).

Introduction: Sustainability is humanity’s collective ability to sustain development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Preceding closely to the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) Report of 1987, the General Assembly has adopted the UN Declaration, in 1986 [GA RES. 41/128] and has re-emphasized its importance in the UN Millennium Declaration, 2000. Given this anthropocentric rights basis of sustainability it becomes necessary to understand what this ability and development are with respect to the individual human. Problems of relevance, whose resolution benefits more people in general, are often intractable to the methods of rigorous problem-solving (1). Systemic problems of development score high on relevance, low on being amenable to rigor (1) and are considered wicked in nature (2). Consequently, the concern for sustaining human development is wicked and hence calls for taking a design approach as design is considered good at resolving wicked problems(3). This suggests that the collective ability for sustainability with respect to the individual is design ability i.e. to specify solutions that satisfy requirements arising from having to meet self-determined individual (human) developmental needs. However, literature connecting design, sustainability and human development systemically is found lacking and calls for conducting integrative trans-disciplinary research. Prevention and remedial of consequences of technology to the habitability of earth requires the identification, understanding and control of interactions between humans and between humans and the earth systems. These interactions need to be identified generally and understood systemically in the context of being able to sustain human development. However, despite this need for research in interactions and an integrative framework for informing interventions (4) to prevent or remedy unsustainable situations literature that addresses this need is found inadequate. Research Objective: To develop a descriptive model of interaction to be able to identify and describe interactions and understand interactions at human-scale. To develop a prescriptive framework within which to situate the prevention and remedial of problems related to un sustainability by design and prescribe conditions that ensure coherence of design interventions to principles. Research Method: As is the nature of problems of relevance, the proposed research by nature spans multiple disciplines. Descriptive inquiry into widespread literature spanning conservation, development, systems theory and design is conducted before synthesizing a descriptive model of interaction that situates design cycle as a natural cycle based on interpretation of entropy and Gestalt theory of human perception. A manual discourse analysis of a section of the WCED report is undertaken to inquire into the conceptual system (worldview) behind sustainable development to understand human interactions based on worldview. Addressing the need for choosing alternative goals of development for sustainability, Sen’s capability approach to human development is adopted after critically reviewing literature in this area and synthesizing an appropriate integration of design ability, tools, (cognitive) extension and design capability for human development. Models based on theories spanning design expertise, psychology and systems thinking are reviewed and synthesized into a prescriptive framework and two intervention scenarios based on it. The framework, intervention scenarios and the model are illustrated with evidence from qualitative bibliographic analysis of several cases related to sustaining human development in principle. Results: Sustainability is proposed as a human ability; this human ability is proposed to be design ability to sustain human development. A descriptive model of interaction that situates anthropogenic action as a design cycle is proposed. Based on this model, identifying entities and interactions is demonstrated with examples. It is proposed that humans interact, designing, due to and based on their worldview. Expansion of capabilities as stated in capability approach to lead to human development is ‘extension’ of design ability to design capability mediated by tools. Personal and interpersonal interactions at human scale are described through tool-use categories. A prescriptive framework for sustainability by design that holds human needs as central to interventions for sustainability is proposed. Based on this framework, pro-active and reactive scenarios of design intervention for prevention and remedial of un sustainability are constructed and demonstrated using several cases. Summary: Problems of relevance like sustaining human development are wicked in nature and require knowledge and action mutually informing each other. Addressing the inter-disciplinary nature of the problem requires a design approach as design is known to integrate knowledge from several disciplines to resolve wicked problems. The imperative to be able to sustain human development provides the widest profile of requirements to be met and design is shown to be central to meeting these requirements at the various scales that they surface. Sustainability is defined as humanity’s collective ability to develop meeting needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations for meeting their own needs. This collective ability translates to the individual’s design ability to specify solutions that satisfy requirements arising out of having to meet self-determined developmental needs. The process of ‘expansion’ -- of capabilities that free people choose and value – that realizes human development is the process of tools affording the extension of design ability to design capability necessary for progressively satisfying requirements arising out of self-determined needs of increasing complexity. It is proposed that humans interact, designing based on and due to their worldview. Personal and interpersonal interactions at human scale are described through tool-use categories. A prescriptive framework for sustainability by design is developed stating conditions to guide systemic design interventions for preventing and remedying unsustainability within pro-active and reactive scenarios respectively. A descriptive model of interaction is developed to situate and enable understanding of interactions. The framework, scenarios and the model are illustrated using several cases related to sustaining human development.

Es besteht weitgehender Konsens darüber, dass Designer mit anderen Beteiligten gemeinsam bereits in frühe Phasen von Innovations- und Entwicklungsprozessen eingebunden werden müssen. Unterschiedliche Ausbildungsformen, Begriffe, Methoden und Fachkulturen von Designern und den traditionell in Technologieentwicklung involvierten Ingenieuren und Naturwissenschaftlern erschweren oder verhindern in der Praxis oftmals eine effektive Zusammenarbeit. Dieses Buch widmet sich in diesem Kontext dem bislang nur unzureichend gelösten Problem der Akquise des für den Designentwurf relevanten Wissens aus dem individuell verfügbaren Repertoire: Während diese bei Experten weitgehend intuitiv abläuft ist, stellt sie insbesondere für ingenieurwissenschaftlich vorgebildete Designnovizen ohne spezifische methodische Unterstützung ein Problem dar. Um geeignete Methoden auswählen und entwickeln zu können, wird in einem umfangreichen theoretischen Teil untersucht, wie dieses individuelle Designwissen charakterisiert ist. Auf Grundlage einer umfassenden Definition von Designwissen werden potenziell geeignete Methoden zur Unterstützung dessen Akquise dargestellt und bewertet. Reflexive Methoden auf der Basis generischer Fragelisten sowie narrative Methoden auf Basis von Nutzer-Archetypen (Personas) und normativen Szenarien bilden dabei den Schwerpunkt. Der empirische Teil umfasst vier Untersuchungen. Der tatsächliche Effekt von spezifischen reflexiven und narrativen Methoden bei der individuellen Wissensakquise wird in drei Studien mit experimentellem Charakter nachgewiesen und diskutiert. Eine vergleichende explorative Feldstudie zum Einsatz von Methoden in der beruflichen Praxis von Designern und Konstrukteuren ergänzt die Erkenntnisse und hilft, diese in einen breiteren Kontext einzuordnen.

Die Konferenz »Entwerfen – Entwickeln – Erleben« bietet ein besonderes Podium zum Austausch von Wissenschaft und Praxis entlang des Produktentwicklungsprozess mit einem Schwerpunkt Industrial Design. Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge der Sessions zum Industrial Design sowie ausgewählte Posterveröffentlichungen der Konferenz 2016. Darin werden Themen und Ansätze von der Anwenderintegration, neuen Prototypen, Service Design, User Experience und der Gestaltung von Emotion über Design in der Digitalen Revolution und für eine nachhaltige Zukunft, Design in mobilen und für Sicherheitsanwendungen bis hin zu Designmanagement, Feasibilitydesign und Reengineering vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Technische Universität Dresden und technischesdesign.org ermöglichten in Kooperation mit der Gruppe Virtuelle Produktentwicklung der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Produktentwicklung (WiGeP) und dem Rat für Formgebung die fachübergreifende Diskussion des Schwerpunkt-Themas inmitten der interdisziplinären Dresdner Wissenschaftslandschaft. Ein zweiter Band »Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben 2016« (ISBN 978-3-95908-062-0, herausgegeben von Ralph Stelzer) fasst die Beiträge zur Konstruktionstechnik und zur Virtuellen Produktentwicklung zusammen.

Die Konferenz Entwerfen Entwickeln Erleben bietet zum fünften Mal ein national einzigartiges fachübergreifendes Konferenz- und Ausstellungsformat an den Schnittstellen von Produktentwicklung und Industriedesign. Die fortschreitende Integration digitaler Technologien im Bereich Produktentwicklung und Industriedesign führt gerade zu einer massiven Transformation der Arbeitsprozesse und hin zu einer enormen Erweiterung von Möglichkeiten –angefangen von der Digitalisierung des Produktentstehungsprozesses mithilfe von Methoden und Techniken des Systems Engineering, über die Vernetzung und Automatisierung von Produktionsanlagen und Produkten, Predictive Maintenance durch digitale Zwillinge bis hin zur nachhaltigen Produktion vollständig recyclebarer Güter. Hinsichtlich der Einreichung sind Schnittstellen mit folgenden aktuellen Schlüsselthemen von besonderem Interesse: Virtuelle Methoden in der Produktentwicklung: Mit Blick auf den Lebenszyklus der Produktentwicklung stehen die digitalen Möglichkeiten bezüglich Innovation, Design und Umsetzung im Vordergrund. Wie können beispielsweise Daten über Produkte und deren Nutzung in Simulationen in Echtzeit zusammengestellt, zielgerichtet variiert und ausgewertet werden? Wie können digitale Tools in der Innovationsphase helfen, verteilte Informationen und Ideen zu sammeln und zu strukturieren? Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Umgang und Einsatz des Systems Engineering, von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz und des machine learning. Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion: Mit der Weiterentwicklung der Automatisierung hin zur umfassenden Kooperation von Mensch und Technik bis hinein in Produktentwurf und -entwicklung stellt sich die Frage, wie diese zukünftige Partnerschaft durch nutzerzentrierte Designs gestaltet werden soll? Welche Zwischenschritte und Zugänge sind notwendig, um Interfaces zum Beispiel via VR/AR so adaptiv und lernförderlich wie möglich zu gestalten und zugleich notwendige Grenzziehungen zwischen Mensch und Maschine zu definieren? Kollaboration: Produktentwicklung und -design leben von kreativem Zusammenwirken. Wie kann diese Kreativität durch Methoden, Arbeitsumgebung und digitale Tools unterstützt werden? Lassen sich Kreativität und Serendipität messen und entsprechend planen? Welche Rolle spielt Kollaboration bei der agilen Produktentwicklung und bei der Organisation von umfangreichen Partner-Ökosystemen? Und wie lässt sich zum Beispiel die Zusammenarbeit in Design Teams auf die universitäre Lehre übertragen? Nachhaltigkeit/Transfer: Zentral für neue Produkte ist die Verbindung zur Gesellschaft im Allgemeinen und zur Nutzer- bzw. Anspruchsgruppe im Speziellen. Gerade mit Blick auf nachhaltige Produkte mit einem möglichst langen Lebenszyklus sind datengetriebene Analysen zum Nutzerverhalten genauso zentral wie die passgenaue Entwicklung und Planung für eine ressourcensparende Produktion. Dies sind alles wesentliche Bestandteile der additiven Fertigung und späteren Rekonfigurationen. Hierfür ist es unabdingbar Kategorien der Materialwissenschaften, Kreislaufwirtschaft und neueste Ansätze der Produktentwicklung miteinander zu verknüpfen, um die Effizienz der Entwicklung und die Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte gleichzeitig zu steigern.:Digitalisierung der Engineering Prozesse durch System Lifecycle Management (SysLM) Martin Eigner 11 Umgang mit Marktunsicherheiten in der Zielsystementwicklung: Methode zur Reduktion von Definitionslücken bei der Konkretisierung des Initialen Zielsystems Valentin Zimmermann, Christoph Kempf, Leo Hartmann, Nikola Bursac, Albert Albers 21 Digitale Lösungssammlung von Konstruktionsprinzipien für die Agile Entwicklung von Leichtbaustrukturen für Luftfahrzeuge Jutta Abulawi, Maximilian Weigand 35 Ansatz zur Erarbeitung einer Methodenauswahl für nachhaltige Produktentwicklung in KMUs Björn Ragnar Kokoschko, Laura Augustin, Christiane Beyer, Michael Schabacker 49 Kontrollierte Fragebogenentwicklung zur Messung erlebter Qualität von Produkten der Dräger Safety auf haptischer, optischer und akustischer Ebene Julia Schneider, Christian Wölfel, Sarah Wandel, Michael Richenberger 59 Was können wir von Ablehnung lernen? Eine Befragung von NichtnutzerInnen im Kontext einer Produktentwicklung Laura Augustin, Sabrina Pfrang, Björn Kokoschko, Andrea Wolffram, Michael Schabacker 71 Digitale Landwirtschaft und das User-Interface – eine Herstellersicht Michael Jendis 85 Data Model Canvas für die IT-System-übergreifende Integration von Datenmodellen zur Unterstützung von Datenanalyse-Anwendungen im Produktlebenszyklus Thomas Eickhoff, Andreas Eiden, Jonas Gries, Jens C. Göbel 99 Montagegerechte Gestaltungsrichtlinien mittels Deep Learning Johanna Gerlach, Alexander Riedel, Seyyid Uslu, Frank Engelmann, Nico Brehm 111 Hybride Simulationstechnik – Prototypenerkenntnisse in den Produktneuentwicklungsprozess einbinden Dennis Kaczmarek, Armin Lohrengel 123 Zeitliche und inhaltliche Konvergenz der Lösungsfindung als zentrale Herausforderung in Hybriden Produktentwicklungsprozessen – eine Empirische Analyse von Stanfords ME310-Prozessmodell Frank Koppenhagen, Tim Blümel, Tobias Held, Christoph Wecht 137 Better Change a Running System – Implementierung von Innovations- und Nachhaltigkeitsprozessen in Entwicklungsabteilungen Oliver Keller, Paul Stawenow, Marco Kapetan 155 User Research im Zukunftsorientiertem Design-Thinking: Eine Ganzheitliche Methode für das Stakeholder-Management in der Service-Optimierung Mehdi Mozuni, Maren Ohlhoff, Gerhard Glatzel 163 Virtual-Reality-Umgebung für die Visualisierung von Entwicklungszielgrößen auf Basis des Referenzsystems im Modell der PGE – Produktgenerationsentwicklung Felix Pfaff, Simon Rapp, Albert Albers 175 Ausarbeitungsleitfaden für Nutzerstudien zur Evaluation von XR-Interfaces in der Produktentwicklung Jakob Harlan, Benjamin Schleich, Sandro Wartzack 189 Textile Engineering ›SurFace‹: Oberflächenentwurf von der taktilen zur grafischen zur taktilen Erfahrbarkeit im Design Engineering der Zukunft Marina-Elena Wachs, Theresa Scholl, Gesa Balbig, Katharina Grobheiser 201 Effiziente und Robuste Entwicklung komplexer Faserverbund-Triebwerkstrukturen Sebastian Spitzer, Fabian Folprecht, Alrik Dargel, Christoph Klaus, Albert Langkamp, Maik Gude 215 Maschinenkonzept zur additiven Fertigung großdimensionierter Titan-Bauteile Andreas Kalb, Florian M. Dambietz, Peter Hoffmann 227 VIKA – Konzeptstudien eines virtuellen Konstruktionsberaters für additiv zu fertigende Flugzeugstrukturbauteile Johann Steffen 237 Entwicklung einer agil-strukturierten Prozesslösung mittels ASD – Agile Systems Design für das technische Änderungsmanagement im After Sales eines OEM der Automobilindustrie Jonas Heimicke, Sascha Pfau, Linda Vetten, Albert Albers 255 Methoden für die durchgängige Anwendung einer EBOM mithilfe klassenbasierter Substitutionsobjekte Jonathan Leidich, Peter Robl, Julien Raphael Mrowka 271 Anforderungsmanagement in der Agilen Entwicklung Mechatronischer Systeme – ein Widerspruch in sich? Nikola Bursac, Simon Rapp, Lukas Waldeier, Steffen Wagenmann, Albert Albers, Magnus Deiss, Volker Hettich 283 Akzeptanzanalyse zum Einsatz von Hybriden Prototypen und Extended Reality in der Produktentstehung Liesa Zimmermann, Kathrin Konkol, Elisabeth Brandenburg, Rainer Stark 297 Interdisziplinäre Produktentwicklung – Beschreibung einer Kooperation aus Industrie, angewandter Forschung und Technischem Design zur Realisierung einer assistierenden Roboterzelle Christian Hermeling, Johannes Abicht, Thomas Theling, Ralf Hock 309 Szenarien Machen Mögliche Zukünfte Erlebbar – Szenen eines Forschungsvorhabens Maren Ohlhoff, Mehdi Mozuni, Gerhard Glatzel 323 3D-volldigitalisierte Behandlungsplanung bei Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten (LKGS-3D) Christiane Keil, Dominik Haim, Ines Zeidler-Rentzsch, Franz Tritschel, Bernhard Weiland, Olaf Müller, Thomas Treichel, Günter Lauer 335 Beam-colored Sketch and Image-based 3D Continuous Wireframe Reconstruction with different Materials and Cross-Sections Martin Denk, Klemens Rother, Kristin Paetzold 345 Diskussionsbeitrag zu einem methodischen Ansatz für Entscheidungen in Zielkonflikten während der Konzeptphase der Entwicklung automatisierter Produktionsanlagen Peter Lochmann, Jens-Peter Majschak 355 Generieren lastgerechter Materialparameter für FEM-gestützte Umformprognosen – am Beispiel von Karton Verbundmaterialien Toma Schneider, Antje Harling, Frank Miletzky 371 Erweiterte Analyse ausgewählter Schwingungsphänomene mit dem C & C²-Ansatz am Beispiel einer Einscheibentrockenkupplung Peter M. Tröster, Thomas Klotz, Simon Rapp, Yulong Xiao, Sascha Ott, Albert Albers 383 Ein Klassifizierungssystem für Industrielle Augmented Reality Anwendungen Jan Luca Siewert, Matthias Neges, Detlef Gerhard 401 Nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung einer ortsunabhängigen Maschinenabnahme mittels Augmented Reality Nedim Kovacevic, Jantje Meinzer, Rainer Stark 417 Augmented Reality als intuitive Benutzungsschnittstelle für das Roboterprogrammieren Carolin Horn, Christoph-Philipp Schreiber 431 Design von Produkt-Dienstleistungssystemen für Kreislaufwirtschaft Ursula Tischner 443 Nachhaltigkeit: Avoiding Design – Warum gutes Design kein Design ist und auch das Nicht-Designen und Vermeiden von Produkten Gestalterhandwerk sein muss Philipp Schütz, Oliver Gerstheimer, Philipp Englisch 461 Nachhaltigkeit als strategischer Imperativ für die Gesellschaft und Unternehmen Heinz Simon Keil, Detlef Tietze 475 Simulation modularer Produktarchitekturen durch modellbasierte Konfiguration Florian M. Dambietz, Dieter Krause 491 MBSE-Ansatz für eine Vernetzte Stoffstrommodellierung zur Verbesserung der Partnersuche in der Kreislaufwirtschaft Franz Wieck, Philipp Kronenberg, Manuel Löwer 501 Konstruktion eines Inserts für Faserverbund- Halbzeuge Frank Weidermann, Stefanie Zimmermann, Andrea Pino 517 Der Ingenieur an seinem Arbeitsplatz – gesund und kompetent! Bettina Schleidt 529 Digitale Arbeitsumgebungen in der Produktentstehung – Mit Action Design Research Web-Anwendungen zur produktiven Zusammenarbeit entwickeln Stephan Scheele, Daniel Mau, David Foullois, Frank Mantwill 541 Nutzerzentrierung in Zeiten von Social Distancing – Evaluierung eines extracurricularen Lehrformats für Studierende der Produktentwicklung Anne Wallisch, Kristin Paetzold 559 The Digitalization Principles from a User-Centered Design Perspective – A Conceptual Framework for Smart Product Development Carolina Sallati, Klaus Schützer 575 Brain of Materials – die Plattform für Designer, Entwickler und Materialhersteller Hans Peter Schlegelmilch 587 Gibt es ein Patentrezept für erfolgreiche IT-Projekte? Alfred Katzenbach 591 Mockup einer Betriebsleitstelle für Automatisierte Shuttlebusse – Konzeption und Design eines Universellen, Visuellen und Auditiven Interfaces Ingmar S. Franke, Sönke Beckmann, Olga Biletska, Hartmut Zadek 601 Co-Creation bei komplexen Consumer Products Linda Geißler, Nico Herzberg, Natalie Mundt 613 Bessere Kundenorientierung bei der Entwicklung physischer Produkte – Nutzung agiler Vorgehensweisen kombiniert mit Additiven Fertigungsverfahren Philipp Blattert, Werner Engeln 621 Ermittlung von Anforderungen an eine Anwendungsfall-Spezifische Einführung Agiler Ansätze – Erkenntnisse aus der Anwendung des Agile-Stage-Gate Hybrids Jonas Heimicke, Ahmed Spahic, Luis Bramato, Albert Albers 633 goG – die Neue Urbane Mobilität Hans-Georg Höhne 645 Vergleich der Motivationsprofile von Scrum-Teammitgliedern mit dem Agilen Manifest zur Entwicklung von Gamification-Strategien David Kessing und Manuel Löwer 655 Zeichnen als Weltentwurf: Analog + Digital – Die Bedeutung des Zeichnens in der Primarausbildung mit Blick auf Design Engineering in Europa Marina-Elena Wachs 665 Intelligentes Nesting in der Kreislaufwirtschaft zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz Philipp Kronenberg, Franz Wieck, Sebastian Weber, Manuel Löwer 673 Remote Innovation – Co-Creation During Times of Pandemic Oliver Gerstheimer, Philipp Schütz, Philipp Englisch, Erhard Wimmer 681 Analyse des Einflusses von Faktoren auf die agilen Fähigkeiten von Organisationseinheiten in der Entwicklung physischer Systeme Jonas Heimicke, Tobias Rösel, Alber Albers 691 Entwicklung Angepasster Konstruktionsmethoden für Nachhaltige Hochvolt-Speicher Robert Kretschmann, Gerd Wagenhaus, Christiane Beyer 703 Automatisierung des Datenaufbereitungsprozesses für AR/VR-Anwendungen im Engineering Maximilian Peter Dammann, Wolfgang Steger, Ralph Stelzer 714 Nutzer- und Aufgabengerechte Unterstützung von Modellierungsaktivitäten im Kontext des MBSE-Model-Based Systems Engineering Constantin Mandel, Matthias Behrendt, Albert Albers 727