Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, composta de um levantamento da pós-graduação brasileira com foco na comparação das áreas Direito, Engenharia Civil e Medicina e por 24 entrevistas semi-estruturadas individuais gravadas com 18 mestrandos e seis orientadores da Faculdade de Direito, da Escola Politécnica e da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é comparar como se desenvolve o processo de pós-graduação das três profissões mais tradicionais em uma universidade pública de destaque, relacionando o processo de elaboração da dissertação com a concomitante inserção do aluno na atividade profissional. Como resultado destaca-se que os mestrandos seguiriam a carreira acadêmica, mas simultaneamente à carreira profissional. Enquanto os mestrandos de Direito e Engenharia civil acreditavam no mestrado como facilitador para uma melhor inserção no mercado de trabalho, os de Medicina referiam a busca pelo mestrado como conseqüência natural pela sua proximidade com a universidade. Nas três áreas a universidade se defronta com contradições entre a formação de uma elite pensante, a real vocação do curso de pós-graduação stricto sensu na formação de pesquisadores, e sua qualificação profissional segundo um perfil demandado pelo mercado global. / This is a quantitative and qualitative approach research, consisting of a survey of Brazilian postgraduation focused in the comparison of Law, Civil Engineering and Medicine areas and composed by 24 semi-structured recorded individual interviews with 18 Masters students and six advisors of the Faculty of Law, the School of Engineering and the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. The general objective of the research was compare the postgraduation developing process of the three most traditional professions in a distinct public university, relating the dissertation elaboration process with the concomitant insertion of the student in the professional activity. As result, was emphasized that Masters students would follow the academic career, but simultaneously to the professional career. While Law and civil Engineering Masters students considered Master Course as facilitative for a better insertion in the job market, Medicine ones related the seek for Master Course as natural consequence by their proximity to the university. In the three areas the university confronts with contradictions between the elite think tank formation, the real vocation of the postgraduation stricto sensu course in the researchers education, and their professional qualification according to a profile demanded by the global market.

Este estudo trata da Educação em Fisioterapia e busca reconhecer e problematizar os aspectos que estruturam a relação educação - prática profissional, para identificar elementos orientadores para uma educação que promova a construção de consciência crítica. Entende-se que a educação profissional é, em termos gerais, o processo de preparação para a prática profissional, com o qual se configura uma lógica de predomínio da organização dos serviços assistenciais no processo educativo; em consequência, cabe perguntar como tal organização influencia a formulação da Educação em Fisioterapia. Destaca-se o fato de que os processos de formulação curricular e desenho das disciplinas - tanto para a formação em disciplinas da saúde em geral, como na Fisioterapia em particular - não consideram uma aproximação explícita aos sistemas e à organização dos serviços, como aspecto estruturante da própria prática profissional ao tempo que a referência das necessidades em saúde, como orientadora na definição de conteúdos curriculares, é fraca e com frequência desvirtuada, na medida em que ela reflete os próprios limites de compreensão da realidade, que com frequência negam as críticas e inclusive o desenvolvimento de outras formas de interpretação, mantendo os marcos hegemônicos do conhecimento muitas vezes influenciados pelos interesses e lógicas dos serviços que, frequentemente, acabam modelando tais necessidades. Neste sentido, é frequente que a avaliação dos processos de educação seja desenvolvida desde uma lógica autocentrada e instrumental do próprio processo educativo, que não permite a aproximação a marcos analíticos que deem conta da relação prática profissional - educação, na qual a estrutura de organização da primeira tem um papel definitivo sobre a segunda, fazendo com que o impacto da própria educação se dê em campos limitados, no sentido de animar transformações de fundo, tanto no desenvolvimento da disciplina como na prática em si. Metodologicamente, busca-se reconhecer os elementos ordenadores do processo educativo, já não no próprio processo de educação, mas na organização do trabalho assistencial, em termos de suas lógicas, seus relacionamentos e suas contradições, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica que reconheça sua origem e seu movimento. Neste sentido, a aproximação ao processo educativo que coloca como elemento ordenador as práticas profissionais, em uma perspectiva que as reconhece como expressão da estrutura social e historicamente construída, define-se como um exercício de análise crítica da proposta educativa, que para o caso que nos ocupa toma como referencial de análise a proposta do programa de Fisioterapia da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia, uma vez que o mesmo se reconhece como de alta qualidade e legitimidade social no cenário nacional e internacional. A referência central se constrói a partir da análise do exercício profissional e seu impacto no processo de ensino, o que inclui, entre outros aspectos, o currículo, a pedagogia e a didática, em uma lógica que os articula à estrutura de organização do trabalho, numa perspectiva de reconhecer em tal relação sua historicidade, as relações, as contradições e as possibilidades para sua transformação, como elementos orientadores do processo de formação e posterior exercício profissional / This study addresses Education in Physiotherapy and aims to recognize and problematize the aspects that structure the education - professional practice relationship, in order to identify guiding elements for an education that promotes the development of critical consciousness. Professional education is understood as, in broad terms, the preparation process for professional practice, with which is established the logic of predominance of healthcare services organization in the educational process; consequently, one question that should be asked is how such organization affects the conception of Education in Physiotherapy. Attention is drawn to the fact that the processes of curriculum formulation and discipline design - both for the study of health disciplines in general and Physiotherapy in particular - do not take into consideration an explicit approach to systems and service organization, as a structural aspect of the professional practice itself; moreover, the approach to health needs, as a guidance in the formulation of curriculum contents, is weak and often misrepresented, since such approach reproduces the own limits of understanding reality, and frequently denies not only criticism but even the development of other forms of interpretation, maintaining the hegemonic frameworks of knowledge often influenced by the services interests and logics, and which finally shape the needs. In this sense, the evaluation of the education processes are often developed from a self-centered and instrumental perspective of the educational process itself, which does not allow the approach to analytical frameworks that give full account of the professional practice - education relationship, in which the former organization structure plays a key role on the latter; this means that the impact of education itself takes place in limited fields, regarding background changings, both in discipline development and practice itself. Methodologically, this study aims at recognizing the guiding elements of the educational process, based not on the education process itself, but in the organization of health care work, in terms of its logics, relationships, and contradictions, from a historical perspective that acknowledges its origin and movement. In this sense, the approach to an educational process that establishes professional practices as the guiding element, in a perspective that recognized them as expression of the social structure and historically build, is defined as an exercise of critical analysis of the educational proposal; for this study, we adopt as the analysis framework the proposal of the Physiotherapy Program of the Colombia National University, which regards itself as of high quality and with social legitimacy in both national and international levels. The central approach is developed from the analysis of the professional practice and its impact on the teaching process, which includes, among others, curriculum, pedagogy, and didactic aspects, in a perspective that articulates them to the work organization structure, and recognize in such relation its historicity, relationships, contradictions, and possibilities for their change, as guiding elements of the education process and subsequent professional practice

La transition du milieu académique au milieu clinique vécue difficilement par les infirmières nouvellement diplômées intégrées sur les unités de soins intensifs a été maintes fois documentée. La pratique professionnelle autonome est, notamment, une des difficultés partagées par les infirmières nouvellement diplômées intégrées sur ces unités. Cette étude a pour but d’explorer les perceptions d’infirmières nouvellement diplômées et de préceptrices quant au développement de l’autonomie professionnelle des infirmières nouvellement diplômées dans un contexte d’intégration, ayant une structure de programme de résidence infirmier, sur une unité de soins intensifs. Les programmes de résidence infirmiers sont des programmes d’intégration développés pour faciliter les expériences de transition des infirmières nouvellement diplômées. Dans ces programmes, le profil de compétences cliniques qui permet d’évaluer le développement des compétences peut se baser principalement sur l’autonomie des infirmières nouvellement diplômées. Rares sont les études sur le développement de l’autonomie professionnelle des infirmières nouvellement diplômées. Comme cadre conceptuel, un modèle prenant appui à la fois sur le modèle des niveaux de développement de la compétence infirmière de Benner (1982), sur l’approche d’évaluation des compétences de Tardif (2006) et sur la définition de l’autonomie professionnelle telle que suggérée par Létourneau (2017) est proposé. Pour la réalisation de cette étude qualitative exploratoire descriptive, des entretiens individuels semi-structurés ont permis de collecter les données auprès d’infirmières nouvellement diplômées (n=6) alors que des préceptrices (n=4) ont partagé leurs perceptions au cours de groupes de discussion. L’analyse de contenu de Van der Maren (1996) a été utilisée pour l’analyse des données. Les résultats de cette étude réalisée dans un contexte de soins critiques portent sur le début de carrière difficile des infirmières nouvellement diplômées sur les unités de soins intensifs, une définition de l’autonomie professionnelle et les facteurs influençant le développement de l’autonomie professionnelle des infirmières nouvellement diplômées. Les facteurs influençant le développement de l’autonomie professionnelle des infirmières nouvellement diplômées et la définition de l’autonomie professionnelle ont été mis en relation dans une carte conceptuelle schématisant le concept à l’étude. En regard de ces résultats, des retombées sont proposées pour la pratique, la recherche, la formation et la gestion en sciences infirmières. / The barriers in transition-to-practice for newly graduated nurses on intensive care units has been well documented. Independent professional practice is, in particular, one of the barriers shared by newly graduated nurses integrating an intensive care unit. This research aims to explore the perceptions of newly graduated nurses and preceptors regarding the professional autonomy development of the newly graduated nurses in a nursing residency program on intensive care units. Nursing residency programs were developed in order to facilitate transition-to-practice of newly graduated nurses. In these programs, the evaluation that assesses clinical competence development can be primarily based on the newly graduated nurse’s autonomy. However, few studies focus on the development of professional autonomy of newly graduated nurses. As study framework, a model that includes Benner's stages of clinical competence (1982), Tardif's competency assessment approach (2006) and a definition of professional autonomy as suggested by Létourneau (2017) is proposed. By conducting a descriptive exploratory study, semi-structured individual interviews collected the data from newly graduated nurses (n=6), while preceptors (n= 4) shared their perceptions during focus groups. Content analysis by Van der Maren (1996) was used for data analysis. The results include the barriers encountered in the early career of the newly graduated nurses in critical care setting, a definition of professional autonomy and the influences of the newly graduated nurses’ professional autonomy development. The influences of the newly graduated nurses’ professional autonomy development and the definition of professional autonomy have been linked in a concept map. Considering these findings, implications for practice, research, education and management in nursing were made.

The study offers a historico-educational investigation of the extent to which the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) satisfied the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The discussion begins with a theoretical exposition of characteristic features of teachers' associations. It considers the origin, nature and purpose of teachers' associations. A brief survey of some teachers' associations in the Republic of South Africa is also made. The development and the organisation of the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) is highlighted. In this regard special emphasis is placed on the role of the Association's forerunners, and the nature and functioning of the various organisational structures within the Association. An elaborate discussion is devoted to the achievements of the Association in satisfying the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The researcher also offers recoIIDllendations on the role that teachers' associations may play in the future. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Pereira de Freitas.pdf: 1094385 bytes, checksum: 01cdb835a03e52a037cc319c5270f482 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to analyze the processes that Physical Education teachers use in order to integrate their knowledges and act autonomously considering the Curricular Proposal of the state of São Paulo for the Physical Education subject. We aim to focus on the autonomy of the subject teachers from the perspectives of the study of the epistemology of the teaching practice and professional identity. The choice of the teacher s autonomy theme has emerged from the observation of the impact of the Curricular Proposal of the state of São Paulo, in 2008, on the school routine and the difficulties faced by the teachers concerning the learning situations elucidated in the proposal, as well as the strategies to be used. The research is oriented by the hypothesis that the teachers autonomy is connected to a continuous reconstruction of their professional identity and the processes they use in order to integrate their knowledges to the requirements of the curricular proposal. We adopt as theoretical reference the studies of Dubar, Contreras and Tardif in order to conceptualize and contextualize autonomy, identity and the teachers professional knowledges, as a fundamental part of the teachers formation, development and performance process. To collect the data a previous study was accomplished in order to define the research subjects: 06 physical education teachers and 03 pedagogic coordinators from 03 different state public primary schools in Itapevi-SP who answered semi-structured interviews, previously tested. Besides the interviews, the research included documental analysis of the curricular proposal. The data obtained were presented in synthesis tables and analyzed concerning the concepts of teachers formation, autonomy, identity and professional knowledges. The results allow us to affirm that: the proposal restricts the Physical Education teachers autonomy concerning the elaboration and planning of their lessons, however, at the same time, it has promoted movements towards new knowledges about the taught subject. The situation of the imposition and requirements of the proposal in which the teachers affirm they are exposed to has resulted in processes of adaptation of the proposal and changes in the pedagogic practice. The autonomy the teachers reveal concerning the proposal depends, on the one hand, on their personal path and professional formation and, on the other hand, on the objective conditions of the pedagogic practice, which are linked to their professional identity. The teachers joined the proposal as a consequence of the valorization of the Physical Education by the different subjects of the school community, after its implementation. The teachers pedagogic practices were, in an extent, changed by the proposal, because they re considered necessary to the proposition of new principles to their work, but kept marked by traditional conceptions of the Physical Education and the preference for the field of sports training, which still remains with the requirements of the new proposal, influencing their teaching practice / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os mecanismos que professores de Educação Física utilizam para integrar seus saberes e atuar com autonomia diante da Proposta Curricular para a Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de focalizar a autonomia dos professores pesquisados a partir das perspectivas de estudo da epistemologia da prática docente e identidade profissional. A escolha do tema autonomia do professor surge da observação do impacto da Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo, de 2008, no cotidiano escolar e das dificuldades encontradas pelos professores em relação às situações de aprendizagem explanadas na proposta, assim como em relação às estratégias a serem utilizadas. Norteia a pesquisa a hipótese de que a autonomia dos professores está ligada a uma contínua reconstrução de sua identidade profissional e dos mecanismos que utiliza para integrar seus saberes às demandas provenientes da proposta curricular. A pesquisa adota como referencial teórico os estudos de Dubar, Contreras e Tardif para conceituar e contextualizar autonomia, identidade e saberes profissionais docentes, como parte integrante do processo de formação, desenvolvimento e desempenho profissional dos professores. Para a coleta dos dados realizou-se um estudo preliminar para definição dos sujeitos de pesquisa. A pesquisa foi realizada com 06 professores de Educação Física e 03 coordenadores pedagógicos de 03 diferentes escolas públicas estaduais de ensino fundamental II do município de Itapevi-SP, com os quais foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com auxílio de Roteiro construído e testado com essa finalidade específica. Além disso, a pesquisa incluiu também análise documental da Proposta Curricular. Os dados obtidos são apresentados em Quadros-síntese e analisados com o auxílio dos conceitos de formação, autonomia, identidade e saberes profissionais docentes. Os resultados permitem afirmar que: a proposta limita a autonomia dos professores de Educação Física no que se refere à elaboração e planejamento de suas aulas, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem desencadeado movimentos de busca de novos conhecimentos sobre a disciplina. A situação de imposição e de cobranças a que os professores afirmam estar sujeitos em relação à proposta tem resultado em mecanismos de adaptações da proposta e mudanças na prática pedagógica A autonomia que os professores manifestam diante da proposta depende, de um lado, de seu percurso pessoal e formação profissional e, de outro, das condições objetivas de exercício da prática pedagógica, aos quais está ligada sua identidade profissional. Os professores aderiram à proposta em decorrência da valorização da Educação Física pelos diferentes atores da comunidade escolar, após sua implantação. As práticas pedagógicas dos professores foram, em parte, transformadas pela proposta, pois também a consideram necessária para a proposição de novos princípios para o seu trabalho, mas continuam marcadas por concepções tradicionais da Educação Física e preferência pela área de treinamento esportivo, que ainda permanecem, ao lado das exigências da nova proposta, influenciando sua prática docente

醫療保險與服務是維護個人生存，增進民族健康，保障國民基本權之重要國家任務。而除了藥品、醫材、設備、醫院外，接受專業訓練、符合專業知識、技術與道德要求的醫療專業人員，包括醫師，也是醫療系統中不可或缺的要角。但相較之下，關於我國醫師團體在醫療行政法制中的角色尚缺乏完整論述，而本文即在檢視我國醫師團體(包括職業團體與學術團體)在執業管制中的定位與功能。 為了突顯我國醫師團體的特殊性，考量大陸法/英美法、醫療保險體系、醫療水準、與歷史社會等因素，本文選擇了德國、日本、美國、英國與中國大陸作為參照對比。從「醫療服務與醫療行政系統」到「醫師團體發展歷史與現況」，由大縮小、鑑古知今，將各國家地區之醫師團體的背景事實先做系統化整理、分析、並比較，以理解其在各自國家社會體系中的定位。另外，就其在醫師職業管制中管「入」的「執業資格授予」與管「出」的「執業資格廢止」的作用亦做系統化整理、分析、與比較，以認識各該團體在其中的功能。 基於以上的背景事實，再以「公私協力」與「職業自律」深入檢視，我國醫師團體(特別是職業團體之醫師公會) 在醫師職業管制中與國家政府之相對關係和定位，與其在執業資格授予與廢止作用上的功能。 關於我國醫師公會在執業管制法制中地位與功能的調整，本文建議：相較於仿德國例全面肯認醫師公會為「公法人」與政府分工，或仿日美英例鬆綁醫師公會為真正的「私法人」與政府制衡，依我國現實條件可由立法者直接立法或授權行政機關以授權命令賦予醫師公會行政受託人地位，並對稱移轉關於醫師執業資格授予與廢止之特定具體權限給公會，則在此委託範圍內公會即可被視為行政機關，即可對應要求其內部章程、組織、與程序須符合行政法法規與法理。 / Medical insurance and services are national tasks essentially for maintaining personal survival, improving people health, and protecting fundamental civil rights. Along with medicines, medical materials, equipment, and hospitals, medical professionals, including physicians, who have received professional training and met the requirements of expertise, technology and ethics, are indispensable for a working medical system. However, discussions about the roles of physician groups in medical administrative law systems in Taiwan are few. Thus, the present work is to examine positions and functions of physicians groups (including professional groups and academic groups) in the medical practicing regulation in Taiwan. In order to highlight the particularities of Taiwan physician groups and to take account of the differences in the continental law/Common law, medical insurance systems, medical service levels, and historical and social factors, Germany, Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom were selected for reference and comparison. From the "medical service and medical administrative systems" to "development history and present situation of the groups", the background facts of representative physicians groups were systematically collected, analyzed, and compared for comprehension of their positions in the social systems in their respective countries. Besides, regulatory functions of the groups in approving and revoking medical practicing qualifications were also systematically collected, analyzed, and compared for acknowledgement. Based on the above background facts and the concepts of "public-private partnership" and "professional autonomy", we further inspected Taiwan physician groups, especially the professional groups of physicians, to review their relationship with the government in professional regulation, and functions in practicing licensure. Regarding the positions and functions of the professional groups of physicians in medical practicing regulation in Taiwan, the following adjustment is proposed: Rather than adopting the “public legal entity” model for fulfilling national duties as in Germany, or “fully private corporation” model for balancing national regulation as in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom, our legislatives and administrative authorities could authorize by law the professional groups of physicians to exercise the powers specifically for medical practicing licensure, and thus the groups, as commissioned administrative agencies, should be required to amend their own bylaws, organizations, and procedures about the above authorized areas in concordance with administrative laws.

The study offers a historico-educational investigation of the extent to which the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) satisfied the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The discussion begins with a theoretical exposition of characteristic features of teachers' associations. It considers the origin, nature and purpose of teachers' associations. A brief survey of some teachers' associations in the Republic of South Africa is also made. The development and the organisation of the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) is highlighted. In this regard special emphasis is placed on the role of the Association's forerunners, and the nature and functioning of the various organisational structures within the Association. An elaborate discussion is devoted to the achievements of the Association in satisfying the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The researcher also offers recoIIDllendations on the role that teachers' associations may play in the future. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

No description available.