Orientador: Ricardo Carlos Cordeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T07:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_MariaAngelicaTavaresde_D.pdf: 1594980 bytes, checksum: fb98b0fb268b204c710ae3f82ca85fb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Os acidentes do trabalho são um relevante problema de saúde púbica, razão pela qual esta pesquisa objetivou verificar se variáveis alimentares e nutricionais constituem riscos para acidentes do trabalho, no município de Piracicaba, São Paulo. Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar, entre maio e outubro de 2004, no Centro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Os casos foram 600 trabalhadores acidentados típicos, com idades entre 15 e 60 anos e os controles, 882 trabalhadores acidentados não do trabalho ou acompanhantes dos casos, com igual faixa etária. Um modelo de regressão logística múltipla foi ajustado utilizando como variável resposta o acidente do trabalho e como variáveis preditoras práticas alimentares, ganho ou perda de peso nos últimos 12 meses e estado nutricional. As variáveis nutricionais foram controladas pelas socioeconômicas e ocupacionais. As associações foram avaliadas por estatísticas Odds ratio (OR) com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Em média, 47,29% dos trabalhadores apresentaram sobrepeso/obesidade. A escolaridade é fator de proteção contra acidentes (OR= 0,91 p<0,0001), mas trabalhar nos turnos misto (OR=2,07 p=0,0229) e alternado (OR=1,99 p=0,0464) e despender muito esforço (OR= 1,37 p=0,0087) elevam os riscos. Almoçar no ambiente de trabalho amplia as chances desses agravos (OR=1,57 p=0,0001). O Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador beneficia 84%, contudo, para os que recebem cesta de alimentos (OR= 1,30 p= 0,0414) e vale refeição/alimentação (OR= 1,39 p= 0,0035), as chances de acidentes aumentam. Os achados sugerem correlação entre práticas alimentares e acidentes do trabalho, expressando a necessidade de incorporar esses aspectos à vigilância à saúde dos trabalhadores / Abstract: Work accidents are a relevant public health problem. The objective of this study was to verify if dietary and nutritional variables constitute risk for work accidents in the city of Piracicaba, upstate São Paulo state. A case-control study was done in the Centro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, from May to October 2004. The cases consisted of 600 typically injured workers aging from 15 to 60 years and the controls were 882 individuals with the same age range, either workers who were injured but not at work or those who accompanied the injured workers. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted using as variable work accident and as predicting variables dietary habits, weight gain or loss in the last 12 months and nutritional status. The nutritional variables were controlled by the socioeconomic and occupational variables. The associations were assessed by odds ratio (OR) with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). On average, 47.29% of the workers were either overweight or obese. Education level is a protecting factor against accidents (OR=0.91 p<0.0001), but working in mixed shifts (OR=2.07, p=0.0229), alternating shifts (OR=1.99 p=0.0464) and doing too much effort (OR=1.37 p=0.0087) increase risks. Having lunch at the workplace increases accident risk (OR=1.57 p=0.0001). The Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (Worker Food Program) benefits 84% of the workers, however, those who receive food basket (OR=1.30 p=0.0414) and food stamps (OR=1.39 p=0.0035) are at increased risk for accidents. Our findings suggest a correlation between eating habits and work accidents, so it is necessary to incorporate these aspects in the health surveillance of the workers / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Objetivo. Avaliar a qualidade global das refeições oferecidas por uma amostra de empresas beneficiárias do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT) na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos. Estudou-se amostra aleatória de 72 empresas cadastradas no PAT na cidade de São Paulo. A partir dos dados das refeições oferecidas, foi desenvolvido o Índice de Qualidade da Refeição (IQR), com pontuação máxima 100 e mínima 0. As empresas foram agrupadas utilizando-se análise de cluster hierárquico. Utilizou-se teste t-Student para avaliar diferenças nas médias do IQR segundo as categorias das empresas. Resultados. Foi desenvolvido o IQR com cinco itens (frutas e hortaliças, carboidratos, gorduras, gorduras saturadas e variedade). A média do IQR para as grandes refeições foi de 66,25 (dp=23,83). Foram obtidos dois grupos na análise de cluster. As empresas do primeiro, composto em sua maioria por empresas do setor de comércio de micro e pequeno porte, cadastradas na modalidade de autogestão e sem supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pior qualidade da refeição (56,23) sendo classificadas como refeição que precisa de melhoras. As empresas do segundo cluster, constituído principalmente por empresas de médio e grande porte do setor industrial, com gestão terceirizada e supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pontuação média de 82,95 e foram classificadas como refeição adequada. Conclusão. O IQR desenvolvido mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação de refeições nesta amostra de empresas inscritas no PAT, que, em média, ofereciam refeições classificadas como “precisa de melhoras”. As empresas de maior porte e estrutura oferecem refeições melhores quando comparada às de menor porte e estrutura. / Objective. To evaluate the global quality of the meals offered by a sample of beneficiary companies of the Worker Food Program (WFP). Methods. It was studied a random sample of 72 companies registered in the WFP in the city of São Paulo. From the data of the offered meals, Meal Quality Index (MQI) was developed, with maximum score 100 and minimum 0. The companies had been grouped using analysis of hierarchic cluster. It was used t-Student to evaluate the differences in the mean of the MQI categories of companies. Results. It was developed the MQI with five itens (fruits and vegetables, carbohydrate, saturated fats, fats and variety). The MQI mean for the main meals was 66,25 (sd=23,83). It had been obtained two groups of companies in the analysis of cluster. The companies of first, composed in its majority by commercial sector, micro and small size, registered in the modality self management and without supervision of nutritionist, had horse meal quality (56,23) classified as meal which needs improvements. The companies of second cluster, mainly constituted by companies of medium and large size, from the industrial sector, with subcontracting management and supervision of nutritionist, had gotten mean punctuation of 82,95 and had been classified as adequate meal. Conclusions. The developed MQI revealed efficiency in the evaluation of meals in this sample of companies registered in WFP, that, in average, were classified as “meals which needs improvement”. The companies of large size and structure better offered better meals when compared with smaller and structure.

Orientador: Ana Maria Segall Correa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Albuquerque_CristinaAparecidaBueno_M.pdf: 1160430 bytes, checksum: de4b920f364ce2ca09a766d9a4a2f0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender as significações e a utilização do conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional pelos profissionais de saúde que trabalham na atenção básica, em equipes de saúde da família, em um município de grande porte. E assim analisar como esse tema, que tem permeado as políticas públicas de assistência social e de saúde, tem sido aplicado no cotidiano das ações de promoção e assistência à saúde para a população. A abordagem escolhida para atingir estes objetivos foi uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, a membros de equipes de saúde da família que trabalham em áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social do município de Campinas. O método de análise utilizado foi análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos dos profissionais. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da notoriedade que esse conceito tem tido nas universidades e nos órgãos estatais, há desconhecimento e falta de entendimento por parte dos profissionais de saúde que assistem diretamente a população não entendendo a co-responsabilidade do setor saúde sobre esse tema. A valorização da alimentação como componente fundamental do projeto terapêutico dos indivíduos ainda está longe de transformar-se em prática cotidiana nos atendimentos das unidades básicas de saúde; e, quando acontecem, é de forma adicional, como coadjuvante ao tratamento, contribuindo precariamente para a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional das pessoas e da comunidade. Concluímos que a Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional tem um árduo caminho para sua efetivação, que passa pela efetiva implementação das ações previstas na Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, para assim avançarmos na construção do SISAN. Os desafios estruturais no setor saúde passam pela formação dos profissionais e pela dificuldade em trabalhar de forma intersetorial, pois como demonstra Boog (1999a) a formação pregressa dos profissionais que atuam na atenção básica não fornece subsídios suficientes para a abordagem da questão alimentar da população, seja na prevenção, na manutenção ou na recuperação da saúde. Como observou Yasbek (2004), nos grupos de maior vulnerabilidade social, para os quais existe um maior risco de insegurança alimentar, as ações de saúde tornam-se mais complexas e necessitam de ações integradas com setores externos à saúde. / Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the meaning of food security for health professionals working in primary care teams of the Family Health Program in a large city, and how they apply this concept in their everyday work with the general population, but with poor people, in particular. A qualitative research approach was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews with the health professionals, which were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the concept, which is currently an important theme in universities and government, is little known to the health professionals, and that food access and habits have been addressed in an incomplete and partial way. It is concluded that food and nutrition policies need to be implemented completely at the primary health care level in order to contribute to the implementation of the National Food Security Policy. It is recommended these themes be incorporated into university-level programs for health professionals, with an emphasis on the importance of collaborating with other sectors to assure food security. / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Les analyses statiques ont pour but de déterminer les propriétés des programmes au moment de la compilation. Contrairement aux analyses dynamiques, le comportement exact du programme ne peut être connu. Par conséquent, on a recours à des approximations pour remédier à ce manque d'information. Malgré ces approximations, les analyses statiques permettent des optimisations et des transformations efficaces pour améliorer les performances des programmes. Parmi les premières analyses du processus d'optimisation figure l'analyse des pointeurs. Son but est d'analyser statiquement un programme en entrée et de fournir en résultat une approximation des emplacements mémoire vers lesquels pointent ses variables pointeurs. Cette analyse est considérée comme l'une des analyses de programmes les plus délicates et l'information qu'elle apporte est très précieuse pour un grand nombre d'autres analyses clientes. En effet, son résultat est nécessaire à d'autres optimisations, comme la propagation de constante, l'élimination du code inutile, le renommage des scalaires ainsi que la parallélisation automatique des programmes. L'analyse des pointeurs est très nécessaire pour l'exploitation du parallélisme présent dans les applications scientifiques écrites en C. Ceci est dû au fait que les tableaux, très présents dans ce type d'applications, sont accédés via les pointeurs. Il devient nécessaire d'analyser les dépendances entre les éléments de tableau dans le but de paralléliser les boucles. Le langage C présente beaucoup de difficultés lors de son analyse par la liberté qu'il offre aux utilisateurs pour gérer et manipuler la mémoire par le biais des pointeurs. Ces difficultés apparaissent par exemple lors de l'accès aux tableaux par pointeurs, l'allocation dynamique (via «malloc») ainsi que les structures de données récursives. L'un des objectifs principaux de cette thèse est de déterminer les emplacements mémoire vers lesquels les pointeurs pointent. Ceci se fait en assurant plusieurs dimensions comme : - la sensibilité au flot de contrôle, c'est-à-dire la mise à jour des informations d'un point programme à un autre ; - la non-sensibilité au contexte, c'est-à-dire l'utilisation de résumés au lieu de l'analyse du corps de la fonction à chaque appel ; - la modélisation des champs pointeurs des structures de données agrégées, dans laquelle chaque champ représente un emplacement mémoire distinct. D'autres aspects sont pris en compte lors de l'analyse des programmes écrits en C comme la précision des emplacements mémoire alloués au niveau du tas, l'arithmétique sur pointeurs ou encore les pointeurs vers tableaux. Notre travail permet l'amélioration des résultats des analyses clientes et en particulier il permet la parallélisation des boucles lorsqu'on accède aux éléments de tableaux via les pointeurs, la détection de code inutile ou le calcul du graphe de dépendances. Il est implémenté dans le compilateur parallélliseur PIPS (Parallélisation Interprocédurale de Programmes Scientifiques) et permet d'analyser, en particulier, les applications scientifiques de traitement du signal tout en assurant une analyse intraprocédurale précise et une analyse interprocédurale efficace via les résumés. / Static analysis algorithms strive to extract the information necessary for the understanding and optimization of programs at compile time. The potential values of the variables of type pointer are the most difficult information to determine. This information is often used to assess if two pointers are potential aliases, i.e. if they can point to the same memory area. An analysis of pointers, also called points-to analysis, may provide more precision to other analyses such as constant propagation, analysis of dependencies or analysis of live variables. The analysis of pointers is very important for the exploitation of parallelism in scientific C programs since the most important structures they manipulate are arrays, which are typically accessed by pointers. It is necessary to analyse the dependencies between arrays in order to exploit the parallelism between loops. C language is very hard to analyse since it allows to users to manipulate the memory through pointers. These difficulties arise for example when accessing arrays by pointers, dynamic allocation (via "malloc") and recursive data structures. Points-to analysis may also attempt to handle recursive data structures and other structures that are accessed by pointers. This work provides a points-to analysis which is : - flow-sensitive, by taking into account the order of execution of instructions ; - field-sensitive, since structure fields are treated as individual locations ; - context-insensitive, because functions summaries are computed to avoid re-analyzing functions bodies. Other issues such as heap modeling, pointer arithmetics and pointers to arrays are also taken into account while analyzing C programs. Our intraprocedural analysis provides precise results to client analyses, in particular it allows parallelization when accessing the array elements loops via pointers, detecting useless code or computing the dependency graph. while our interprocedural one allows to propagate them efficiently. Our work is implemented within the PIPS (Parallélisation Interprocédurale de Programmes Scientifiques) parallelizer, a framework designed to analyze, optimize and parallelize scientific and signal processing applications. Keywords : static analysis, points-to analysis, flow-sensitive, context-insensitive, field-sensitive.

Dans un contexte de mondialisation et d’urbanisation, la rapide industrialisation des pays dits émergents se traduit par de profondes transformations dans les modes de vie et de consommation. S’engage alors un processus de transition nutritionnelle particulièrement intense : les carences nutritionnelles et les maladies infectieuses reculent, bien qu’elles persistent, tandis que l’obésité et les maladies chroniques associées atteignent des niveaux endémiques. Dans les faits, le processus de transition nutritionnelle ne se déroule pas de manière homogène au niveau mondial et au sein même d’une société donnée. D’importants enjeux sociaux, économiques et culturels semblent effectivement en découdre. Dans l’optique d’explorer la nature de ces enjeux, la thèse se focalise sur le cas du Mexique, un pays émergent ayant pleinement engagé son processus de transformation nutritionnelle depuis les années 1980. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse des déterminants socioéconomiques de la corpulence montre que l’excès de poids affecte particulièrement une classe moyenne basse éclosant de la pauvreté. Le manque d’éducation et l’obtention d’un revenu additionnel apparaissent comme des facteurs de risques pour les pauvres. Dans un deuxième temps, l’évaluation des effets de la corpulence sur l’échec scolaire et professionnel met en évidence les moyens par lesquels l’obésité et l’accumulation de graisse abdominale réduisent les capacités d’ascension socioéconomique d’un individu. Enfin, l’étude du programme de transferts de fonds conditionnels mexicain suggère que les programmes sociaux constituent l’une des meilleures solutions pour rompre le cercle vicieux mêlant pauvreté et obésité. Puisque la composante conditionnelle du programme contrebalance les externalités négatives liées à un revenu additionnel, ce type d’intervention améliore significativement les connaissances sanitaires et nutritionnelles des bénéficiaires adultes, et à terme les comportements associés. En conclusion, la thèse met en relief la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de prendre simultanément en compte les aspects sociaux, économiques et culturels de l’obésité. / In the context of globalization and urbanization, the rapid industrialization of emerging countries drives on deep transformations in lifestyles and consumption habits. Hence, an intense process of nutrition transition occurs: nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases decline, but persist, while obesity and comorbidities reach endemic levels. Facts point that nutrition transition process is not homogenous at the worldwide level and within a given society. Such heterogeneity can be explained by the presence of social, economic and cultural factors. In order to explore the relationship between these factors and obesity, the study focuses on Mexico, an emerging country which has fully begun its nutrition transition process since the 1980s’. First, I analyze the socioeconomic determinants of body-mass and show that weight gain particularly affects a lower middle class on the verge of poverty. Both the lack of education and earning an extra income appear to be risk factors for lower social categories. Furthermore, I study the effects of body-mass on educational and occupational failures. The findings uncover mechanisms by which both obesity and central adiposity reduce one’s capacity to climb the socioeconomic ladder. Finally, I assess the impact of the Mexican conditional cash transfers’ program on adult body-mass. The results suggest that social programs constitute an adequate intervention to break the vicious cycle of poverty and obesity. Since the conditionalities counterbalance negative externalities from an extra income, such programs significantly improve health and nutritional knowledge and behaviors of participants. To conclude, the thesis dissertation emphasizes the necessity for policy makers to simultaneously take into account social, economic, and cultural aspects of obesity.

La programmation par contraintes offre des langages et des outils permettant de résoudre des problèmes à forte combinatoire et à la complexité élevée tels que ceux qui existent en vérification de programmes. Dans cette thèse nous résolvons deux familles de problèmes de la vérification de programmes. Dans chaque cas de figure nous commençons par une étude formelle du problème avant de proposer des modèles en contraintes puis de réaliser des expérimentations. La première contribution concerne un langage réactif synchrone représentable par une algèbre de diagramme de blocs. Les programmes utilisent des flux infinis et modélisent des systèmes temps réel. Nous proposons un modèle en contraintes muni d’une nouvelle contrainte globale ainsi que ses algorithmes de filtrage inspirés de l’interprétation abstraite. Cette contrainte permet de calculer des sur-approximations des valeurs des flux des diagrammes de blocs. Nous évaluons notre processus de vérification sur le langage FAUST, qui est un langage dédié à la génération de flux audio. La seconde contribution concerne les systèmes probabilistes représentés par des chaînes de Markov à intervalles paramétrés, un formalisme de spécification qui étend les chaînes de Markov. Nous proposons des modèles en contraintes pour vérifier des propriétés qualitatives et quantitatives. Nos modèles dans le cas qualitatif améliorent l’état de l’art tandis que ceux dans le cas quantitatif sont les premiers proposés à ce jour. Nous avons implémenté nos modèles en contraintes en problèmes de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers et en problèmes de satisfaction modulo des théories. Les expériences sont réalisées à partir d’un jeu d’essais de la bibliothèque PRISM. / Constraint programming offers efficient languages andtools for solving combinatorial and computationally hard problems such as the ones proposed in program verification. In this thesis, we tackle two families of program verification problems using constraint programming.In both contexts, we first propose a formal evaluation of our contributions before realizing some experiments.The first contribution is about a synchronous reactive language, represented by a block-diagram algebra. Such programs operate on infinite streams and model real-time processes. We propose a constraint model together with a new global constraint. Our new filtering algorithm is inspired from Abstract Interpretation. It computes over-approximations of the infinite stream values computed by the block-diagrams. We evaluated our verification process on the FAUST language (a language for processing real-time audio streams) and we tested it on examples from the FAUST standard library. The second contribution considers probabilistic processes represented by Parametric Interval Markov Chains, a specification formalism that extends Markov Chains. We propose constraint models for checking qualitative and quantitative reachability properties. Our models for the qualitative case improve the state of the art models, while for the quantitative case our models are the first ones. We implemented and evaluated our verification constraint models as mixed integer linear programs and satisfiability modulo theory programs. Experiments have been realized on a PRISM based benchmark.

This diploma thesis focuses on tackling the issue of in-prison rehabilitation and some related factors. The diploma thesis focuses particularly on the specific problems with social rehabilitation during imprisonment and the related programmes. The thesis gives an overview of social rehabilitation and social work. Close attention is paid to social rehabilitation, treatment programmes and social work. Theoretical knowledge is applied in practical use - a questionnaire survey from Plzeň Prison. The survey results show prisoners' opinions on social rehabilitation and treatment programmes.

This diploma thesis deals with educational programmes of orchestras in Prague. Having dealt with two selected Prague orchestras, namely PKF - Prague Philharmonia and the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, the history of these orchestras is elaborated in the first chapter, followed by the chronological overview of already completed educational programmes. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the contemporary approach of the orchestras to this matter, their future vision and also the organizational aspects that lie behind the realization of the programmes. Part of the thesis is also a comparison of some selected factors of both orchestras and the results of a questionnaire survey among the orchestras'members. Keywords Education programmes Orchestras in Prague Orchestra history PKF - Prague Philharmonic Czech Philharmonic Orchestra

Companies realize to stay competitive they have to introduce quality improvement programs. Many companies are challenged today with the sustainability of these quality improvement programs. Generally the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of quality improvement programs is poorly understood with soft issues as factors of the system. System dynamics may solve this problem. This research was focussed on operational management of operations. The organising framework of this research has been qualitative research where the research design was a polar type research design where the case studies focussed on initiatives that were dramatic success or failures, with the expectation that their comparison would help identify those processes that prevent competence enhancing change. A dynamic hypothesis has been constructed from archival data, semi-structured interviews and direct observations, gathered during these case studies. A system dynamics model for quality improvement programs in an automotive environment has been tested and expanded to be applicable for a heavy engineering manufacturing environment. The structure of the system dynamics model has been expanded to include a sustainability feedback loop which also included a management support model. The management support model included soft factors such as management support, management pressure and managerial effectiveness. The complete quality improvement program system dynamics simulation model with sustainability has been tested and validated against a real system data, for a heavy engineering manufacturing environment, gathered during the case studies. The model parameters were determined from a calibration algorithm, by using the Vensim® simulation platform, that fitted the real system behaviour the best. A sensitivity analysis has been done on the model parameters determining the information cues for the management decision policies. From the system dynamics model of the complete quality improvement program, including the sustainability feedback loop, proposed management decision policies have been studied that could lead to sustainable quality improvement programs for a heavy engineering manufacturing environment. From these simulation studies several management policies have been proposed. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Graduate School of Technology Management / Unrestricted

Higher education in post-independence Kenya from 1963 to 2009 has been characterized by rapid expansion - both in terms of student enrolment and in a sharp increase in the number of both private and public universities. While national and institutional mechanisms, such as the establishment of a revolving fund, the Higher Education Loans Board and the introduction of the Privately Sponsored Students Programme, have been initiated to address the sharp demand for higher education against a backdrop of diminishing financial support, violent student unrest - which seriously undermined these efforts - has persisted. A sustained period of student unrest has characterized Kenya‟s higher education. This has manifested itself in the form of violent protests, riots, boycotts and strikes. Statistics indicate that the intensity/frequency and violence of the strikes has steadily increased over the years. For example, between 1969 and 2000 sixty-nine cases of student strikes were recorded at all the public universities. Of these cases, twenty-two (31.88%) occurred within a time span of 20 years (1969-1989) while forty-seven cases (68.12%) occurred in a short period of just one decade (1990-2000).At Moi University twenty-four cases of strikes, which affected its colleges and campuses, were recorded between 1985 and 2009. In terms of radical policy adaptation at both national and institutional levels, one would expect a downward trend in unrest. Instead, however, the frequency and intensity of violence associated with strikes has increased at an alarming rate with several deaths being reported. As such, this study has investigated the factors that have contributed to, and informed, a sustained period of student unrest with a specific focus on Moi University in order to identify policy lessons. Global, national and institutional aspects were examined. A case study strategy was applied - with Moi University as its focus. Data was collected through an in-depth review of the relevant literature, document analysis and interviews. Past and present senior management staff members at Moi University, including Deans of Faculties, Deans of Students, Heads of Departments, and Heads of Sections as well as former student leaders were interviewed. The study concludes in its findings that the university is operating within a highly dynamic and unstable social-political environment, leading to the emergence of inadequate policy adaptations. The resultant shortcomings in the operations of the university attract the wrath of an informed student population in the form of unrest. The students action is not however simply reactionary, as they too, as change agents have their own agenda that evolves over time as they seize opportunities created by the policy shortcomings to pursue it. The study summarized the salient factors responsible for the violent unrest in five broad thematic areas. These include: (i) Unrest associated with flawed international and national policies and social pressure; (ii) Unrest associated with critical national issues and identification with progressive change agents; (iii) Unrest associated with student politics;(iv) Unrest associated with social identity and threats of their welfare from organized groups; and (v) Unrest associated with the prevalence of institutional catalyzing factors. A typical strike develops through four main phases: (i) The development/ brewing phase; (ii) The heightened tension phase; (iii) The full blown strike phase; and (iv) The dissipation/uneasy calm phase. Organizational disequilibrium describes the general state of instability characterizing the university, while organizational paranoia is associated with instances of devastating strikes during a heightened tension phase. A strike matrix of Spontaneous vs Orchestrated and Flash vs Protracted typify the strikes. Unrest has led to the disruption of academic programmes; the destruction of property and deaths; a loss of critical study time; and damage to students‟ careers caused by suspensions and expulsions. The need for a well-considered policy that involves exhaustive consultation with all the stake-holders emerges as critical for the future stability of universities. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2013 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted