Detta Examensarbete utfördes som en fallstudie Saab Combat Systems, som är och undersöker utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter som uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Dessa utmaningar verkar orsaka konflikter och tvetydigheter i Multiprojekt-Organisationer gällande exempelvis, kommunikation, resursallokering, produktutveckling samt maktstrukturer mellan olika roller (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Detta Examensarbete behandlar dessa utmaningar genom att undersöka och besvara följande forskningsfrågor: Vilka utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter existerar på Saab Combat Systems? Hur kan dessa utmaningar hanteras? Våra resultat visar att tre olika typer av beroenden uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer som utvecklar komplexa produkter och system; organisatoriska beroenden, tekniska beroenden och resursberoenden. Dessa tre beroenden verkar påverka varandra och resultera i osäkerheter när flera projekt hanteras samtidigt. Dessutom ökar nivån av osäkerhet i projekt på grund av osäkerheter i relation till maktstrukturer samt utveckling av komplexa produkter och system. De tre identifierade beroende inkluderar projektosäkerheter samt projektberoenden. Vi har valt ut tre stycken olika typer av Management Control Systems; Projektkontor, Projektportföljhantering samt Programhantering och drar slutsatsen att de kan användas för att hantera de tre identifierade beroendena Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Vi har dock upptäckt att dessa Management Control Systems har både fördelar och nackdelar gällande hantering av de tre olika typer av beroenden. Alla identifierade beroenden och osäkerheter kan följaktligen hanteras genom att kombinera olika Management Control Systems. Dessutom har vi kompletterat en redan utvecklad modell av Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) genom att kartlägga de tre beroendena, som tar hänsyn till projektosäkerheter och projektberoenden, samt vilken typ av Management Control Systems som är mest lämplig för att hantera dessa beroenden. / This Master Thesis was conducted as a case study at Saab Combat Systems investigating challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties that emerge in Multi-Project Organizations. These challenges seem to cause conflicts and ambiguity in Multi-Project Organizations regarding for instance; communication, human resources allocation, product development and power structures between different roles (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Thereby, this Master Thesis addresses these challenges by investigating and answering the following research questions: What challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties exist at Saab Combat Systems? How can these challenges be addressed? Our Results display that three different types of dependencies exists in Multi-Project Organizations developing Complex Products and Systems; organizational dependencies, technical dependencies and resources dependencies. These three dependencies seem to be connected, and therefore result in uncertainties when managing multiple projects. Additionally, uncertainties in relation to the power structure as well as development of Complex Products and Systems tend to increase the level of project uncertainty. The three identified dependencies include both project uncertainties and project dependencies. We have chosen three different Management Control Systems; Project Management Office, Project Portfolio Management and Programme Management and conclude that they can be utilized in order to address the three identified dependencies in Multi-Project Organizations. However, we have found that these Management Control Systems have benefits as well as shortcomings when addressing different types of dependencies. Consequently, by combining them, all of the identified dependencies and uncertainties can be addressed. Furthermore, we have complemented an already developed model by Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) by mapping the three identified dependencies, which consider project uncertainties and project dependencies, as well as which Management Control System is most appropriate when addressing these three dependencies.

The recent global financial crisis, regulatory and compliance requirements placed on organisations, and the need for scientific research in the project portfolio management discipline were factors that motivated this research. The interest and contribution to the body of knowledge in project portfolio management has been growing significantly in recent years, however, there still appears to be a misalignment between literature and practice. A particular area of concern is the decision-making, during the management of the portfolio, regarding which projects to accelerate, suspend, or terminate. A lack of determining the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives leads to poorly informed decisions that negate the positive effect that project portfolio management could have in an organisation. The focus of this research is, therefore, aimed at providing a mechanism to determine the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives so that the right decisions can be made regarding those projects. This thesis begins with providing a context for project portfolio management by confirming a definition and providing a theoretical background through related theories. An investigation into the practice of project portfolio management then provides insight into the alignment between literature and practice and confirms the problem that needed to be addressed. A conceptual model provides a solution to the problem of determining the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives. The researcher illustrates how the model can be extended before verifying and validating the conceptual model. Having the ability to determine the contributions of projects to strategic objectives affords decision makers the opportunity to conduct what-if scenarios, enabled through the use of dashboards as a visualization technique, in order to test the impact of their decisions before committing them. This ensures that the right decisions regarding the project portfolio are made and that the maximum benefit regarding the strategic objectives is achieved. This research provides the mechanism to enable better-informed decision- making regarding the project portfolio. / Computing / D. Phil. (Computer science)

Examensarbetets mål har varit att utveckla en modell för att värdera och prioritera utvecklingsprojekt som verkar för att projektportföljen som helhet ska stödja företagets strategier. För att uppnå målet gavs studien syftet att förklara en process samt vilka styrmedel och parametrar som skapar en projektportföljhantering med koppling till strategin. Bakgrunden till syftet grundas både empiriskt och i vetenskapen. Den empiriska grunden sammanfattas i fyra utmaningar som identifierats genom en förstudie och genom beställaren Propias erfarenhet i följande fyra punkter: a) Företagen upplever en saknad av översikt över hur projekten uppfyller strategin. b) Önskar ökad transparens kring hur strategiska värderingar och prioriteringar görs. c) När externa förutsättningarna genom strategi ändras är det inte säkert att projektet omvärderas. d) Projekt växer och blir mer komplexa utan att omvärderas och har på så sätt svårt att motivera resursåtgång. En förstudie av befintlig vetenskap påvisade att koppling mellan projektportföljhantering och strategi behövde undersökas vidare. För att svara på företagens utmaningar och samtidigt bringa klarhet i hur strategi kan kopplas till projektportföljhantering gjordes en teoretisk utveckling av en modell och analysmodell som sedan låg till grund för att analysera data från en empirisk studie. Den empiriska insamlingen gjordes genom kvalitativa intervjuer på tre företag på koncernnivå och inom ett av företagen gjordes en mer omfattande studie där även enskilda affärsområden studerades.Arbetet resulterade i en modell som innefattar en process som beskriver stegen från identifiering av initiativ till utvärdering samt utifrån vilka styrmedel och värderingsparametrar, prioritering samt beslut inom processen ska baseras på. Stegen i modellen är identifiering, klassificering, balansering, urval, prioritering, optimering, sekvensering, beslut och utvärdering. De styrmedel som kopplas till processen och som lämpar sig för att koppla strategi till projektportföljhanteringsprocessen(PPH) är främst riktlinjer, budget, mål och mätetal samt strategiska perspektiv. Hur stegen kopplas ihop med styrmedel och parametrar visualiseras i Figur 1.För utmaningarna a, och b, föreslås att företag har identifiering, klassificering och balansering av projekt och placerar projekten i rätt portfölj samt att företag använder sig av en projektportföljhanteringsprocess (PPH-process) som skapar transparens och en översikt. För utmaningarna c, och d, föreslås att företag kopplar sin strategi till sina projektportföljer, skapar en synkronisering mellan strategi- och PPH-processen samt parkerar projekt som inte är aktuella för denna iteration av PPH-processen. / The goal of the thesis is to develop a model to valuate and prioritize development projects to ensure that the project portfolio is in line with strategy. To reach the goal the report was given the purpose to explain a process and which management control instruments and valuation parameters that creates a project portfolio management process that is connected to strategy. The background is based both in theory and empirically, which was ensured during the pre-study. The empirical background can be summed up in four main points: a) Businesses experience a lack of overview regarding how projects contribute strategy. b) Businesses wish for increased transparency regarding how strategic valuations and prioritization are being made. c) When external factors incorporated in strategy is changing it does not mean the all projects are re-valuated. d) When projects grow to be gradually more complex there is a tendency of not revaluating, hence resulting in trouble allocating resources for the project.A pre-study was conducted which showed that research finds a gap between strategy and how project portfolios are managed and that gap needs to be further examined. To fill the gap and answer to the empirical challenges a theoretically developed model has been developed combined with a model of analysis which was the foundation of the analysis of empirical data. The empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews from three different companies on corporate level as well from business level in one of the companies.This report has resulted in a process, management control components and parameters to be able to evaluate and prioritize project in a portfolio. The process consists of the steps identifying, clustering, balancing, selecting, prioritizing, optimizing, sequencing, deciding and evaluating. Meanwhile, guidelines, budget, performance measurement with goals and strategic perspectives are suitable formats for transferring strategy into the project portfolio management process.To handle point a) and b) above the study suggests that the process steps identifying, Clustering and balancing are used to place the projects in the appropriate portfolio and by that facilitate balance between projects and initiatives. To ensure transparency and enable overview the process needs to be formal and followed by the users. Regarding point c) and d) it is suggested that the project portfolio management process need to be adjusted for compatibility with the strategy development process and that projects.

Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 2008. / Bibliography: p. 301-327. / Introduction -- Literature review -- Methodology and phase 1 research design -- Phase 1 findings -- Phase 2 research design -- Phase 2 findings -- Conclusions and implications. / This research examines the relationship between innovation project portfolio management (IPPM) capabilities and competitive advantage. Innovation projects - or projects for the development of new products - are of escalating importance in an increasingly competitive, globalised and deregulated environment characterised by shortening product lifecycles and dynamic markets. IPPM capabilities aim to improve the success rates for product innovation activities by providing a holistic and responsive decision-making environment to maximise the long-term value of innovation investments across the portfolio of innovation projects. This research takes a wide view and investigates the overall rganisational capability for the management of the innovation project portfolio. -- Successful product innovation is no longer primarily a concern of manufacturing-based industries - product development in service industries is a growing endeavour in an increasingly important industry. Therefore this research includes service product development environments and is the first to extend beyond the traditional manufacturing industry base for IPPM research. This is also the first study to investigate IPPM capabilities in Australia. -- A pragmatic perspective guides a two-phase study encompassing a quantitative survey and a qualitative multiple-case study, the combination of methods providing a deeper level of understanding than could be achieved by either method alone. Findings support prior IPPM studies and suggest a positive relationship between structured IPPM capabilities and improved new product outcomes. The research highlights similarities and differences between service and manufacturing environments, and suggests future challenges will result from the increasing blurring of the boundaries between service and manufacturing industries. This research adopts a 'dynamic capabilities' perspective and draws on organisational learning theory to investigate the path-dependent nature of IPPM capability development. It adds to the understanding of how IPPM capabilities work with the resource base and contribute to competitive advantage. The findings of the research are presented in a maturity model and several conceptual models, and areas for future research are identified. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / xxvii, 436 p. ill. (some col.)

Cette thèse traite du processus d’évaluation et de sélection de projets sur la base de critères multiples. Outre la capacité du modèle à permettre une identification efficace des meilleurs projets et leur intégration à un portefeuille, l’équité et la transparence sont des considérations importantes dans la conception de modèles d’appui à ce processus. Nous proposons un cadre de travail général pour l’évaluation de projets, Il reprend les codes de l’analyse SWOT, dont de nombreuses organisations orientées projets sont familières. Nos contributions apportent des éléments de réponse à la question de « l’après SWOT », à laquelle ces organisations peuvent éprouver des difficultés à répondre. Dans ce cadre de travail, nous introduisons et discutons un modèle de préférences permettant de mesurer l’importance des critères sur deux dimensions, représentant de manière indépendante leurs capacités de conviction et d’opposition. Suivant l’évaluation et en préalable à la sélection, le filtrage consiste à écarter les projets trop inadéquats. Nous proposons un mécanisme basé sur la dominance pour effectuer cette opération. Nous proposons, enfin, deux méthodes de sélection de projets, chacune étant basée sur une procédure d’agrégation multicritère originale. La première méthode, SPADE (pour Structure de Préférence pour l’Aide à la Décision) est une approche de surclassement, destinée à des contextes où les préférences exprimées concernent essentiellement les projets individuels, et dans lesquels les décisions concernant un projet peuvent être argumentées en référence à des projets tiers. Nous garantissons la validité théorique de SPADE, en amont, ce qui permet un temps de mise en œuvre réduit et une utilisation en temps réel. En pratique, nous illustrons l’application de SPADE, en la comparant à deux autres approches d’aide multicritères à la décision, MAUT et ELECTRE, en mettant en exergue ses spécificités. La seconde méthode, RADAR (Règles d’Aide à la Décision et à l’ARgumentation) est une approche à base de règles logiques. Elle est destinée à des contextes plus contraints dans lesquels les préférences exprimées concernent à la fois les projets individuels, mais aussi le portefeuille de projets (degré de diversification, budget total, etc.). De plus, l'argumentation des décisions est ici basée exclusivement sur la qualité intrinsèque des projets en référence à une norme fixe. RADAR permet également la construction automatique de tels arguments. Nous proposons un programme linéaire en variable mixtes permettant de valider théoriquement cette approche. Cependant, sa résolution est nécessaire à chaque mise en œuvre de RADAR, ce qui limite l’application de cette approche au temps différé. Nous illustrons une telle application sur un jeu de données représentant des évaluations de projets financés par le Fond des Nations Unies pour la Démocratie (UNDEF). / Project portfolio management (PPM) involves the use of methods and tools, allowing an organization to plan, evaluate, analyze and screen the execution of a set of projects or project proposals, sharing common resources or aiming at the attainment of common objectives. Multicriteria decision aid models are useful tools to support this process, given their ability to accurately model preferences, and rationally agregate points of view. However, existing models present some lacks that limit their use outside of academic circles : (i) They neglect the non-symetrical nature of the importance of some criteria that are relevant in PPM. (ii) The black box effect makes it hard to use them for the argumentation of decisions and to gain their acceptance by users (iii) They are implicitly fitted for private/for-profit projects, which limits their use in public organizations. In this thesis, our contribution consists in proposing two multicriteria methods for supporting the activities of evaluating, selecting and arguing decision, for project portfolio management. We propose: (i) An analysis of the specific features of public and private projects and their consequences for decision support (ii) A framework that allows an independent modeling of the abilities of a criterion to oppose and convince (iii) Two transparent multicriteria agregation procedures, fitted for different decision contexts. We ensure the theoretical validity of our approaches and illustrate their applicability on real data, with satisfying results.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2015-10-29T13:57:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Maria Celeste de Carvalho Ressiguier Ribeiro.pdf: 12817772 bytes, checksum: b23ae40921877e1329e6a70604a1f9fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T13:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Maria Celeste de Carvalho Ressiguier Ribeiro.pdf: 12817772 bytes, checksum: b23ae40921877e1329e6a70604a1f9fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-14 / Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo para a seleção de propostas de projetos de pesquisa, básica e aplicada, com o apoio de método multicritério à decisão, já existente. Como método multicritério, é aplicado o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combinando as mensurações relativa e absoluta, para ajudar os gestores do IF Fluminense, na área de pesquisa. O modelo proposto visa à priorização e seleção de projetos que atendam, satisfatoriamente, aos propósitos da instituição e aos requisitos exigidos para cada pesquisa científica. Trata-se de um problema complexo de decisão, que envolve a avaliação de um grande número de projetos julgados em vários critérios, em sua maioria, qualitativos. O problema é tratado em duas etapas de seleção. A primeira etapa visa à seleção dos projetos mais satisfatoriamente alinhados aos objetivos da instituição. Os projetos selecionados na primeira etapa servem de entrada para a segunda etapa, onde tais projetos são pontuados segundo os requisitos da pesquisa. Em cada etapa utiliza-se método AHP aplicando a mensuração relativa e absoluta. O AHP mensuração relativa é aplicado para determinar o peso de contribuição dos critérios para atingimento do objetivo geral. A mensuração absoluta serve para avaliar os projetos em cada critério. Finalmente, cada projeto é pontuado com a soma ponderada que consiste no somatório dos produtos do peso relativo de cada critério pela mensuração absoluta atribuída ao projeto no mesmo critério. Para tanto, utilizou-se como procedimento de pesquisa o estudo de caso, baseando-se num estudo exploratório. O trabalho envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica sobre diversos assuntos, tais como, gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos, apoio multicritério à decisão e aplicação dos métodos de apoio multicritério à decisão na seleção de projetos, a fim de conhecer o estado de arte sobre a utilização de tais métodos na seleção de projetos. Assim como, fez uma breve revisão da literatura sobre os critérios de avaliação considerados na pesquisa científica, a fim de ajudar na estruturação dos critérios utilizados na avaliação dos projetos. Também, baseou-se em pesquisa documental e entrevistas não estruturadas, a fim de compreender melhor o problema. A autora concluiu que o modelo proposto contribuiu para melhorar o processo decisório e proporcionou um processo de seleção mais simples e eficaz. O resultado do trabalho permitiu a escolha de projetos baseado na melhor contribuição de tais projetos para o alcance dos objetivos institucionais e para o melhor cumprimento dos requisitos exigidos para cada pesquisa. / This work develops a model for selection of proposals for research projects, basic and applied, with the support of multi-criteria decision method, already exists. How multicriteria method is applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combining the relative and absolute measurements, to help managers of IF Fluminense, in the search area. The proposed model aims at prioritizing and selecting projects that may match satisfactorily the purposes of the institution and the requirements demanded for each scientific research. This is a complex decision problem, which involves the evaluation of a large number of projects judged on several criteria, mostly qualitative. The problem is treated in two stages of selection. The first step aims at selecting projects more satisfactorily aligned to the objectives of the institution. The projects selected in the first stage serve as input to the second stage, where such projects are scored according to the requirements of the research. At each step, it uses AHP applying the relative and absolute measurement. The AHP relative measurement is used to determine the weight of contribution of the criteria for achieving the overall goal. The absolute measurement serves to evaluate the projects in each criterion. Finally, each project is scored with a weighted sum consisting of the sum of the products of the relative weight of each criterion for absolute measurement assigned to the project on the same criteria. For this, we used the procedure as a research case study, based on an exploratory study. The work involved bibliographic research on various subjects such as project portfolio management, multicriteria decision support and application of the methods of multicriteria decision support in the selection of projects in order to know the state of art about the use of such methods in selecting projects. Just as, made a brief literature review on the evaluation criteria used in scientific research, in order to help in structuring the criteria utilized in the evaluation of projects. Also drew on documentary research and unstructured interviews in order to better understand the problem. The author concluded that the proposed model contributed to improving the decision making process and provided a simpler and more effective selection. The result of the work allowed the choice of projects based on the best contribution of such projects to achieve the institutional goals and to better compliance with requirements demanded for each research project.

This thesis deals with the issue of the project management, project portfolio management and environment settings for the management and portfolio analysis in a fictional organization. In the theoretical introduction there is outlined the situation of the education of the project portfolio management at universities in the Czech Republic, Europe and worldwide, in summary form of founded courses that deal with this issue. Some basic principles of PMI methodology follow to introduce the reader to the project and portfolio management. As a practical part of this thesis there has been project management solution software implemented as a support for the portfolio management education. Microsoft Project 2010 has been selected for this purpose. This part of the thesis guides reader through practical topics like how to set up the whole environment including all utilities and contains a description of services settings. As example there were also sample roles and resources of the company set up, which were subsequently assigned to fictional projects so that the business portfolio analysis based on set of business goals and prioritization of individual projects could have been performed. The contribution of this work can be found mainly in the possibility of portfolio management education and training by using one of the leading software tool that are successfully implemented in a real production environment, and to try out the various acts and practices and also to clarify the various processes in the context of specific projects within the portfolio. Prepared fictional organization and sample data can be especially used as a model for handling various assignments in the upcoming educational courses at VŠE.

The recent global financial crisis, regulatory and compliance requirements placed on organisations, and the need for scientific research in the project portfolio management discipline were factors that motivated this research. The interest and contribution to the body of knowledge in project portfolio management has been growing significantly in recent years, however, there still appears to be a misalignment between literature and practice. A particular area of concern is the decision-making, during the management of the portfolio, regarding which projects to accelerate, suspend, or terminate. A lack of determining the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives leads to poorly informed decisions that negate the positive effect that project portfolio management could have in an organisation. The focus of this research is, therefore, aimed at providing a mechanism to determine the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives so that the right decisions can be made regarding those projects. This thesis begins with providing a context for project portfolio management by confirming a definition and providing a theoretical background through related theories. An investigation into the practice of project portfolio management then provides insight into the alignment between literature and practice and confirms the problem that needed to be addressed. A conceptual model provides a solution to the problem of determining the individual and cumulative contribution of projects to strategic objectives. The researcher illustrates how the model can be extended before verifying and validating the conceptual model. Having the ability to determine the contributions of projects to strategic objectives affords decision makers the opportunity to conduct what-if scenarios, enabled through the use of dashboards as a visualization technique, in order to test the impact of their decisions before committing them. This ensures that the right decisions regarding the project portfolio are made and that the maximum benefit regarding the strategic objectives is achieved. This research provides the mechanism to enable better-informed decision- making regarding the project portfolio. / Computing / D. Phil. (Computer science)

This thesis suggests implementation of human resources management system to manage project portfolio in small organizations. Main gist is implementation and demonstration of the system, that is able to assign human resources to planned projects. The thesis also provides basic theory of projects and human resources management in projects. Based on this theory the system is analysed, designed and implemented.

[EN] The construction of railway infrastructure networks requires heavy investment, long planning and execution times and extended life cycles. An important family of projects in Railway Engineering are the Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement (MR&I) projects. They are critical to maintaining railway infrastructures in good condition and to adapt them to environmental changes and new operating conditions and needs. MR&I action plans have a great impact in the short term because they affect the performance of operating facilities A critical issue for public infrastructure managers and planners is the effective allocation of the scarce resources available for maintenance and repair of railway infrastructures. Obsolescence and lack of adequate maintenance and repair of the railway network affect productivity and lead to increased costs over time. Every year the Manager of a rail network area is faced with different MR&I needs. This involves different projects to be executed with different levels of urgency, different levels of investment and different improvement measures and action plans on the railway network. Therefore, the Manager has a portfolio of MR&I projects and a limited budget. The main problem that the manager faces is setting priorities among the projects to decide which ones will be executed first. It is a complex problem due to the number of different projects and criteria to be considered. Classical approaches are based upon the Cost Benefit analysis (CBA) but there are great uncertainties and variations between the economic values used in different models and the results are heavily dependent on the specific methodology adopted. Methods based upon Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) allow mixing quantitative and qualitative criteria, aggregate multiple experts evaluations and, in general, obtain more robust project rankings than CBA. There is little evidence in the scientific literature of the use of MCDA to similar cases. Research conducted in this thesis studies the decision-making process to choose MR&I projects in a railway network. Technicians and managers are given a methodological tool to help them establish a priority between all the projects in the MR&I portfolio. The problem is addressed as a Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in which thee different ANP models have been used, comparing the results obtained with all of them: Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Benefits and Costs (ANP-BC) and the Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Costs, Benefits, Opportunities and Risks (ANP-BOCR) The main contributions of this works are: - Deep analysis of the decision criteria. - Design of a procedure for evaluating many different alternative projects. - A decision making process which is both systematic and strict has been obtained. It can be generalized to other areas of the railway infrastructure management company. Thanks to the results the budget can be used in the best-valued projects according to the criteria established by the decision maker. The priorization is then obtained in a transparent and documented way. / [ES] La construcción de infraestructuras ferroviarias requiere de grandes inversiones, largos plazos de planificación y ejecución y los ciclos de vida totales son muy largos también. Dentro de los proyectos que se realizan en este tipo de infraestructuras, una parte muy importante son las actuaciones sobre líneas en servicio, que se denominan actuaciones de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora (MR&I por sus siglas en ingles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Las actuaciones de MR&I tienen un gran efecto a corto plazo al afectar al rendimiento de instalaciones que ya están en servicio en el momento de la actuación . La asignación eficaz de los escasos recursos disponibles para MR&I por parte de los gestores de infraestructuras es clave para mantener y mejorar el desempeño general de la red. Cada año el gestor de una zona de la red se enfrenta a diferentes necesidades de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora de la red, por tanto, tiene conjunto muy grande de proyectos de MR&I y un presupuesto limitado para ejecutarlos. El problema que se plantea es seleccionar qué proyectos tienen prioridad a la hora de su ejecución y qué criterios ha de considerar para establecer esa prioridad. Es un problema complejo debido al amplio número de proyectos posibles y de criterios a considerar. Los métodos clásicos más utilizados se basan en el enfoque de análisis coste-beneficio, pero existen grandes variaciones e incertidumbres a la hora de obtener los valores económicos y los resultados del análisis dependen mucho de la metodología específica adoptada. Los métodos basados en el Análisis Multicriterio de Decisiones (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permitan integrar valoraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, agregar las preferencias de varios expertos y, en general, obtener ordenaciones de proyectos más robustas que el CBA. No existe apenas evidencia de la aplicación de MCDA al problema planteado en la literatura científica. La investigación presentada en esta tesis estudia el proceso de toma de decisiones para la selección de proyectos de MR&I en una red ferroviaria. Se dota a los técnicos responsables y a los gestores del mantenimiento de los administradores ferroviarios de una herramienta metodológica que les ayude a establecer una prioridad entre la cartera de proyectos de MR&I. El problema se afronta como una toma de decisión multicriterio (MCDM) en la que se han utilizado tres modelos del método ANP, comparando los resultados entre sí: el modelo jerárquico basado en el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) , el proceso analítico en red con una subred de costes y otra de beneficios (ANP-BC) y el proceso analítico en red con cuatro subredes: beneficios, oportunidades, costes y riesgos (ANP-BOCR). Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son: - El profundo análisis realizado sobre los criterios de decisión. - Se ha diseñado un procedimiento para evaluar un conjunto muy numeroso de actuaciones alternativas. - Se ha obtenido un proceso de toma de decisiones riguroso y sistemático que se puede generalizar para otras zonas de gestión de la Compañía Gestora de las Infraestructuras ferroviarias El resultado permite utilizar el presupuesto en los proyectos mejor valorados de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por el decisor. Obteniéndose la priorización de forma transparente y documentada. / [CA] La construcció d'infraestructures ferroviàries requereix de grans inversions, llargs terminis de planificació i execució i els cicles de vida totals són molt llargs també. Dins dels projectes que es realitzen en aquest tipus d'infraestructures, una part molt important són les actuacions sobre línies en servei, que es denominen actuacions de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora (MR&I per les seues sigles en angles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Les actuacions de MR&I tenen un gran efecte a curt termini en afectar al rendiment d'instal·lacions que ja estan en servei en el moment de l'actuació . L'assignació eficaç dels escassos recursos disponibles per a MR&I per part dels gestors d'infraestructures és clau per a mantenir i millorar l'acompliment general de la xarxa. Cada any el gestor d'una zona de la xarxa s'enfronta a diferents necessitats de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora de la xarxa, per tant, té un conjunt molt gran de projectes de MR&I i un pressupost limitat per a executar-los. El problema que es planteja és seleccionar quins projectes tenen prioritat a l'hora de la seua execució i quins criteris ha de considerar per a establir aqueixa prioritat. És un problema complex a causa de l'ampli nombre de projectes possibles i de criteris a considerar. Els mètodes clàssics més utilitzats es basen en l'enfocament d'anàlisi cost-beneficie, però existeixen grans variacions i incerteses a l'hora d'obtenir els valors econòmics i els resultats de l'anàlisi depenen molt de la metodologia específica adoptada. Els mètodes basats en l'Anàlisi Multicriteri de Decisions (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permeten integrar valoracions quantitatives i qualitatives, agregar les preferències de diversos experts i, en general, obtenir ordenacions de projectes més robustes que el CBA. No existeix apenes evidencia de l'aplicació de *MCDA al problema plantejat en la literatura científica. La recerca presentada en aquesta tesi estudia el procés de presa de decisions per a la selecció de projectes de MR&I en una xarxa ferroviària. Es dota als tècnics responsables i als gestors del manteniment dels administradors ferroviaris d'una eina metodològica que els ajude a establir una prioritat entre la cartera de projectes de MR&I. El problema s'afronta com una presa de decisió multicriteri (MCDM) en la qual s'han utilitzat tres models del mètode ANP, comparant els resultats entre si: el model jeràrquic basat en el Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) , el procés analític en xarxa amb una subxarxa de costos i una altra de beneficis (ANP-BC), i el procés analític en xarxa amb quatre subxarxes: beneficis, oportunitats, costos i riscos (ANP-BOCR). Les principals contribucions d'aquest treball són: - La profunda anàlisi realitzada sobre els criteris de decisió. - S'ha dissenyat un procediment per a avaluar un conjunt molt nombrós d'actuacions alternatives. - S'ha obtingut un procés de presa de decisions rigorós i sistemàtic que es pot generalitzar per a altres zones de gestió de la Companyia Gestora de les Infraestructures ferroviàries El resultat permet utilitzar el pressupost en els projectes millor valorats d'acord als criteris establits pel decisor. Obtenint-se la priorització de forma transparent i documentada. / Montesinos Valera, J. (2015). Aplicación de las técnicas AHP, ANP-BC y ANP-BOCR de análisis multicriterio de decisiones a la selección de carteras de proyectos de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora en infraestructuras ferroviarias [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/56821