近年來，推廣終身學習與培養資訊素養日益受到重視，國內外政府均將推廣閱讀視為重要的課題。由於文化建設成果，台灣各鄉鎮普設圖書館，由於鄉鎮圖書館直接接觸鄉鎮居民，成為推廣閱讀活動第一線角色。 本論文旨在探討台灣地區鄉鎮圖書館推動閱讀活動之現況。首先就閱讀與閱讀活動之意涵、各國的閱讀活動與政策、圖書館推動閱讀的任務與功能、公共圖書館推廣閱讀活動之類型與策劃、台灣地區鄉鎮圖書館閱讀推廣之相關文獻進行研討，並簡要回顧台灣地區鄉鎮圖書館的設置起源與歷年來閱讀推廣活動的概況。 採用深度訪談法，以立意抽樣之方式選擇訪談對象，共計有台北縣深坑鄉立圖書館、南投縣埔里鎮立圖書館、台南縣歸仁鄉立圖書館、屏東縣長治鄉立圖書館等四所圖書館，藉由訪問承辦閱讀活動之鄉鎮圖書館員、閱讀活動中的帶領人、以及參與閱讀活動的讀者等，匯集多方的想法與建議，從圖書館所辦理閱讀活動的類型、內外資源的運用、所遭遇到的困難與問題、民眾參與的程度等面向，分析台灣地區鄉鎮圖書館閱讀推廣活動辦理概況，並探討其成功模式。 根據文獻與訪談結果，建議政府及圖書館上級主管機關應：1.訂定閱讀相關法案與政策；2.輔導鄉鎮圖書館推廣閱讀；3.利用全球性的閱讀節日加強宣導；4.加強應用網路資源推廣閱讀；5.鄉長應慎選熱心館長；6.加強閱讀培訓課程；7.出版閱讀推廣之策劃等相關出版品；8.辦理閱讀推廣有成的圖書館觀摩與交流活動，建議鄉鎮圖書館應：1.積極地舉辦閱讀推廣活動；2.結合教育單位與民間團體，善用社會資源共同推展閱讀；3.倡導愉悅的閱讀；4.利用獎勵推廣兒童閱讀；5.行銷館藏與推薦好書；6.加強購買新書以即時供應閱讀需求。 / In recent years, the promotion of lifelong learning and the training of information literacy have been bestowed a gradual increase in attention. Both local and international governments regard reading promotion as an important subject. Due to Taiwan’s elaborate cultural infrastructure, widespread rural libraries establish direct contacts with nearby residents, playing a major role in promoting reading activities. This thesis aims at exploring the situations of rural libraries’ reading promotion activities in Taiwan. This research discusses the following issues: the definitions of reading and reading activities, the different reading activity policies of various countries, the mission and function of public libraries in promoting reading activities along with the types of promotions and their planning, a discussion of relevant documents regarding the promotion of reading by rural libraries, and a brief review of the establishment of rural libraries and their general situations in reading promotion. The methods of this study are literature analysis and in-depth interview. Chosen through purposive sampling, interviewees include the Shenkeng Township Library of Taipei County, the Puli Township Library of Nantou County, the Gueiren Township Library of Tainan County, and the Changjr Township Library of Pingdong County. By interviewing the rural libraries that hold reading activities, their activity leaders, and activity participants, this thesis gathers different ideas and suggestions. Through rural libraries’ reading activity types, their application of internal and external resources, the difficulties and problems they confronted, and the participation level of local residents, this thesis analyzes the situation of the promotion of reading activities in Taiwan’s rural libraries’ and investigates their successful models. According to research results, this study suggests that the government and the authorities at the ministry of library: (1) institute relevant reading bills and policies; (2) guide and assist rural libraries in reading promotion; (3) utilize the international reading festival to establish recognition; (4) use the internet and the information & communications technology to promote; (5) select enthusiastic library directors by the head of the local government; (6)strengthen the training courses of reading promotions; (7)publish relevant publications on reading planning; (8) inspect and learn from outstanding libraries. This study suggests that rural libraries: (1)actively hold reading activities; (2)combine educational organization and community resources to promote reading conjointly; (3) advocate pleasure reading; (4)utilize rewards to promote children’s reading; (5) market library collections and recommend good books; (6) enhance new book purchases in order to immediately supply the demand of reading.

[pt] A literatura possui um potencial humanizador, capaz de possibilitar ao leitor o conhecimento de si próprio e do mundo, com especial relevância para o jovem leitor, que está em processo de formação da sua subjetividade. Contudo, a pesquisa Retratos da Leitura no Brasil constata um movimento de afastamento entre o jovem e a leitura literária. Identificando o Design como mediador de leitura e possível aliado no processo de aproximação entre o público juvenil e os livros de literatura, busca-se nesta dissertação um entendimento dos lugares do Design no mercado editorial contemporâneo e nas políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, por meio da análise quantitativa e qualitativa de livros formadores do acervo do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE). A categorização organizada, a partir dos conceitos de Linden, Haslam e Lupton e Phillips, compõe um panorama das relações entre conteúdo textual e imagético nos livros para jovens e relaciona a presença de elementos do Design à valorização da fruição do leitor e ao diálogo entre as diversas linguagens do objeto-livro. Ao constatar que a maioria dos livros não considera o lugar social do jovem leitor e não explora as possibilidades oferecidas pelo Design, propõe-se uma política de Design na Leitura, configurada como atividade projetual de vocação interdisciplinar que entende o leitor enquanto instância cultural e social, visando não apenas contribuir para a consolidação do Design como campo interdisciplinar junto às políticas públicas de fomento à leitura, como também para um projeto de formação continuada do magistério. / [en] Literature has a humanizing potential, capable of enabling the reader to acquire knowledge both about him/herself and the world. For this reason, it has special relevance to the young reader, who is in the process of forming his/her subjectivity. Nevertheless, the research Retratos da Leitura no Brasil (Portray of Reading in Brazil) shows a distancing movement of the young reader and literary reading. Identifying Design as a mediator for reading and a possible ally in the approximation process between the juvenile audience and literature books, this dissertation aims at understanding the role of Design in the contemporary publishing market and in public policies aimed at promoting reading. Thus, it presents both a quantitative and qualitative analyses of the collection of books at the Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE – School Library National Program). The categories, organized according to the concepts proposed by Linden, Haslam and Lupton e Phillips, comprise an overview of the relations between textual and pictorial content in the books for young people and relates the presence of Design elements to the valorization of reader fruition and dialog among the several languages of the book. Research findings indicate that most books do not consider the social role of the young reader and do not explore the possibilities offered by Design. Thus, this research proposes the development of a policy of Design in Reading as a project-oriented activity of interdisciplinary feature, which perceives the reader as both a cultural and social instance and aims not only at contributing to the consolidation of Design as an interdisciplinary field in public policies to promote reading, but also as a project of continuing education in teaching.

Bakgrund: Av alla föräldrar till barn som föds i Sverige varje år är det ca 40 % som är förstföderskor. Omställningen kan bli stor när man blir förälder för första gången och behovet av stöd till båda föräldrarna är stort. Föräldrar är i behov av stöd i föräldrarollen, frågor som rör barnet samt social gemenskap med andra föräldrar i samma situation. Hembesöket har stor betydelse för att skapa en god relation med föräldrarna.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva BVC-sjuksköterskors upplevelser av förstagångsföräldrars behov av stöd under barnets första levnadsår, samt vad som varviktigt att tänka på för att främja god kontakt.Metod: Studien har en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. Sex sjuksköterskor på två olika barnavårdscentraler i Mellansverige deltog. Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer, personliga – och telefonintervjuer. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultat: I studien framkom att föräldrarna var i behov av stöd när det gällde deras egna mående både fysiskt som psykiskt, samt frågor som berörde barnet. Många mammor kunde ha fysiska symtom efter förlossning samt känna nedstämdhet och depressiva symtom. Behovet av social gemenskap och vara med i föräldragrupp efterfrågades när barnet blev lite äldre. Vidare framkom att det var viktigt att skapa en god och förtroendefull relation med föräldrarna och hembesökets betydelse betonades i samband med detta. Slutsats: Upplevelserna hos sjuksköterskorna i studien var att föräldrarna var i behov av stöd framförallt under barnets första sex månader. Behovet av stöd varierade utefter barnets ålder, samt utefter vilka personliga förutsättningar förstagångsföräldrarna hade. Vidare upplevde sjuksköterskorna att hembesök var av stor betydelse, när relationen med föräldrarna skulle grundas och det var ett bra tillfälle att skapa goda och förtroendefulla relationer. Resultatet i föreliggande studie kan ligga till grund för förbättringsarbete inom BVC / Background: Of all children who is born every year in Sweden are 40% first time mothers. The change can be huge when you become a parent for the first time, and the need of support for both parent is great. Parents need support in their parental role, questions concerning the child and social fellowship with other parents in the same situations. The home visit is very importance for creating a good relationship with the parents. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe nurses in child health care experiences of first time parents need for support during the child’s first year of life, and what is important to think about in order to promote good contact.Method: The study has a descriptive design with qualitative approach. Six nurses at two child care centers in central Sweden was participated. Data were collected via semi structured interviews, personal- and telephone interviews. The material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Main results: The study revealed that the parents were in need of support with regard to their own physically and mentally health, as well as issues that concerned the child. Many mother could have physical symptoms after childbirth as well as feel depressed and depressive symptoms. The need of social community and being part of parent group vas demand, when the child got a little older. Furthermore, it emerged that it was important to create a good and trusting relationship with the parents and the importance of home visit was emphasized in connection with this. Conclusion: The experiences of the nurses in the study was that the parents were in need of support, especially during the child’s first six month. The need for support varied according to the child’s age and according to the personal circumstances of the first- time parents. Furthermore, the nurses felt that home visits were of great importance, when the relationship with the parents was to established and it was a good opportunity to create good and trusting relationships. The results of the present study can form the basis for improvement work within child health care.

Abstract                                                                              For long the peace researchers have studied peace in relation to war or to a greater extent negative peace than a positive peace. You may ask what happened with peace? This thesis aims to gain how peace, and positive peace, may be investigated and concretized in a time when states seem more concerned to invest in international commitments like NATO and weapon arsenals than invest in solidarity, diplomatic or peaceful settlements.   Through a literary method with an exploratory design the problem statement is assayed in three different ethical perspective. The analyse of the problem statement; Based on cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and feminist peace ethics, how should positive peace be framed in a time of state emergency? is analysed, interpreted, and compared from the main perspective of cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and feminism peace ethics. Since peace ethic is not one besides a pluralistic ethic, peace ethics, the conclusion is that they all contribute to and welcome a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary development of the framework for further peace researcher. Besides some contradictions the investigated ethical perspective is unit that peace should be studied and conceptualized through peace and be framed in a nonpatriarchal language. Hence, the majority of the chosen ethical perspectives support a combination of micropolitics with the engagement of the individual to a macro politic with transnational covenants and with a greater role of responsibility for United Nation to promote and concretize peace. The ethical contradictions for peace consider the questions of responsibility, commitments, and interference how to realize peace. Future research questions should be raised whether and how diminished poverty is to embody peace? The main conclusion is that peace accelerates more peace and peace generates the benefits of prosperity and justice, why peace should be concretized and promoted in a time of stat emergency.     Keywords:  Ethics of Peace, Positive Peace, Qualitative Peace, Promote Peace, Illustrate Peace, Peace Researcher, Stat Emergency, Cosmopolitanism, Internationalism, Feminist Peace Ethics.

This study identifies additional investment incentives, applicable to the manufacturing sector, which the South African government could introduce to encourage investors to choose the South African manufacturing sector as a desired investment destination. A comparison is made between the relevant investment incentives provided to manufacturing companies by Malaysia and Singapore and those provided by South Africa, in order to examine the similarities and differences between these incentives. In the light of these findings, recommendations are made for revised or additional investment incentives in South Africa to promote investment in South African manufacturing companies and reduce some of the barriers that prevent local and foreign investment in South Africa. / Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)

The study deals with the professional development of educators as a key factor in the promotion of the culture of learning in Johannesburg South District. The aim was to determine the impact of professional development workshops in Johannesburg South district schools. A literature review was used to establish what other scholars say about the concept of professional development. Thereafter, a qualitative study was conducted. Data was gathered during interviews, based on pre-planned interview questions. Ten experienced participants were selected by using purposive sampling and asked about their perceptions and experience of professional development in the Johannesburg South District. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed to explore educators’ insights about professional development in the district. Findings indicate that educators wish to be rewarded with certificates of attendance or monetary incentives after attending professional development workshops presented by knowledgeable facilitators, and they also wish to collaborate with teachers from other districts. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Introdução: A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) tem como causa principal a obesidade. Atualmente não existe tratamento medicamentoso específico para DHGNA. A cirurgia bariátrica surge como uma alternativa de tratamento em pacientes morbidamente obesos. Objetivos: Analisar, através de biópsia hepática intra-operatória, o grau de comprometimento hepático em obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, correlacionando os achados histopatológicos com o estado glicêmico dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo incluindo 521 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica de julho de 2001 até dezembro de 2016. Os pacientes foram classificados em três grupos de acordo com o status glicêmico basal: 167(32,05%) diabéticos tipo 2 (G1), 132 (25,33%) pré-diabéticos (G2) e 222 (42,61%) obesos normoglicêmicos (G3). Foram obtidas biópsias hepáticas transoperatórias, as quais foram classificadas conforme os critérios de Brunt e do NASH-CRN. As variáveis clínicas e bioquímicas e histológicas foram comparadas antes da cirurgia e durante o seguimento pós-operatório. Resultados: A prevalência de DHGNA nesta coorte foi de 95%. Não houve diferença quanto ao gênero e IMC entre os grupos. Observaram-se taxas mais altas de fibrose (56,4% G1 vs 29,2% G2 vs 28,6% G3 p<0,001) e Esteatohepatite Não Alcoólica (EHNA) (59,4% G1vs 49,2% G2 vs 36% G3 p <0,001) nos pacientes diabéticos. Apenas 1,5 %, dos diabéticos apresentaram histologia normal (vs 7,76% G2 vs 15,7% G3). / Introduction: Obesity is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which there is currently no specific medical treatment. Bariatric surgery is a treatment alternative for morbidly obese patients. Objectives: Use an intraoperative liver biopsy to analyze the degree of liver damage in obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery and correlates the histopathological findings with glucose status. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 521 morbid obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery from July 2001 to December 2016, classified into three groups according to their baseline glucose status: 167 (32.05%) type 2 diabetes (G1), 132 (25.33%) pre-diabetic (G2) and 222 (42.61%) normoglycemic obese (G3). Patients using potentially hepatotoxic medications and a history of ethanol consumption or viral hepatitis were excluded. Intraoperative liver biopsies were obtained and classified in accordance with Brunt and NASH-CRN criteria. Clinical, biochemical and histopathological variables were compared before surgery and during postoperative follow-up. Results: The prevalence NAFLD was 95%. There was no intergroup difference for sex and BMI. Higher rates of fibrosis (56.4% G1 vs. 29.2% G2 vs. 28.6% G3 p<0.001) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (59.4% G1vs 49.2% G2 vs. 36% G3 p <0.001) were observed in the diabetic patients. Only 1.5 % of diabetics showed normal histology (vs. 7.76% G2 and 15.7% G3).

Introdução: A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) tem como causa principal a obesidade. Atualmente não existe tratamento medicamentoso específico para DHGNA. A cirurgia bariátrica surge como uma alternativa de tratamento em pacientes morbidamente obesos. Objetivos: Analisar, através de biópsia hepática intra-operatória, o grau de comprometimento hepático em obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, correlacionando os achados histopatológicos com o estado glicêmico dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo incluindo 521 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica de julho de 2001 até dezembro de 2016. Os pacientes foram classificados em três grupos de acordo com o status glicêmico basal: 167(32,05%) diabéticos tipo 2 (G1), 132 (25,33%) pré-diabéticos (G2) e 222 (42,61%) obesos normoglicêmicos (G3). Foram obtidas biópsias hepáticas transoperatórias, as quais foram classificadas conforme os critérios de Brunt e do NASH-CRN. As variáveis clínicas e bioquímicas e histológicas foram comparadas antes da cirurgia e durante o seguimento pós-operatório. Resultados: A prevalência de DHGNA nesta coorte foi de 95%. Não houve diferença quanto ao gênero e IMC entre os grupos. Observaram-se taxas mais altas de fibrose (56,4% G1 vs 29,2% G2 vs 28,6% G3 p<0,001) e Esteatohepatite Não Alcoólica (EHNA) (59,4% G1vs 49,2% G2 vs 36% G3 p <0,001) nos pacientes diabéticos. Apenas 1,5 %, dos diabéticos apresentaram histologia normal (vs 7,76% G2 vs 15,7% G3). / Introduction: Obesity is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which there is currently no specific medical treatment. Bariatric surgery is a treatment alternative for morbidly obese patients. Objectives: Use an intraoperative liver biopsy to analyze the degree of liver damage in obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery and correlates the histopathological findings with glucose status. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 521 morbid obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery from July 2001 to December 2016, classified into three groups according to their baseline glucose status: 167 (32.05%) type 2 diabetes (G1), 132 (25.33%) pre-diabetic (G2) and 222 (42.61%) normoglycemic obese (G3). Patients using potentially hepatotoxic medications and a history of ethanol consumption or viral hepatitis were excluded. Intraoperative liver biopsies were obtained and classified in accordance with Brunt and NASH-CRN criteria. Clinical, biochemical and histopathological variables were compared before surgery and during postoperative follow-up. Results: The prevalence NAFLD was 95%. There was no intergroup difference for sex and BMI. Higher rates of fibrosis (56.4% G1 vs. 29.2% G2 vs. 28.6% G3 p<0.001) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (59.4% G1vs 49.2% G2 vs. 36% G3 p <0.001) were observed in the diabetic patients. Only 1.5 % of diabetics showed normal histology (vs. 7.76% G2 and 15.7% G3).

This study identifies additional investment incentives, applicable to the manufacturing sector, which the South African government could introduce to encourage investors to choose the South African manufacturing sector as a desired investment destination. A comparison is made between the relevant investment incentives provided to manufacturing companies by Malaysia and Singapore and those provided by South Africa, in order to examine the similarities and differences between these incentives. In the light of these findings, recommendations are made for revised or additional investment incentives in South Africa to promote investment in South African manufacturing companies and reduce some of the barriers that prevent local and foreign investment in South Africa. / Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)

The study deals with the professional development of educators as a key factor in the promotion of the culture of learning in Johannesburg South District. The aim was to determine the impact of professional development workshops in Johannesburg South district schools. A literature review was used to establish what other scholars say about the concept of professional development. Thereafter, a qualitative study was conducted. Data was gathered during interviews, based on pre-planned interview questions. Ten experienced participants were selected by using purposive sampling and asked about their perceptions and experience of professional development in the Johannesburg South District. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed to explore educators’ insights about professional development in the district. Findings indicate that educators wish to be rewarded with certificates of attendance or monetary incentives after attending professional development workshops presented by knowledgeable facilitators, and they also wish to collaborate with teachers from other districts. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)