The purpose of this study was to investigate challenges experienced by nurses in the use of electronic whiteboards at one private hospital in the Gauteng province in South Africa. The researcher had observed a continuation of use of the manual dry-erase patient whiteboards in parallel to the use of new the electronic whiteboards in a ward, yet the electronic whiteboard had been implemented to replace the manual system in order to improve service delivery. A descriptive, quantitative study design was used for the study, with n=83 participants being voluntarily surveyed at the hospital over a one month period. The major findings were that the new electronic whiteboards were not always online which necessitated a parallel manual system as backup. Secondly, 47.5% of the respondents requested more training on the whiteboards. A needs assessment to determine training requirements and further investigation into the frequent unavailability of the electronic whiteboards is recommended / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health - with specialisation in Medical Informatics)

[pt] Ao longo dos últimos anos o consumo online aumentou drasticamente, em especial como efeito da pandemia mundial. A pandemia, juntamente com o isolamento social imposto à população, por um lado aumentou o já elevado índice de desemprego no país. Por outro, serviu de estímulo para muitos brasileiros empreenderem no comércio eletrônico. O caminho do empreendedorismo virtual requer entendimentos dos fatores que impactam a tomada de decisão do consumidor, de modo a elevar a chance de acerto quanto a escolha de investimento em uma loja virtual. O objetivo deste estudo foi o identificar os fatores determinantes que influenciam a tomada de decisão no momento da compra online de produtos, realizada por consumidores brasileiros em sites de vendas de varejo, e-commerce, especificamente em lojas virtuais de marca própria, intituladas sites proprietários, excluindo-se as lojas online de fabricantes. Baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, as variáveis relacionadas ao negócio foram identificadas e posteriormente selecionadas as mais relevantes, sendo elas o ambiente de compra online, as fontes de influenciadores, as formas de atendimento e a faixa de preços praticados. O método escolhido para mensurar seus pesos relativos foi a análise conjunta, o qual permite que diversas combinações de atributos e seus níveis sejam avaliados em conjunto. Os resultados mostraram que o preço é o fator principal na tomada de decisão de compra do consumidor, seguido pela forma de atendimento no site, com destaque para a ferramenta de chat online WhatsApp. A indicação de amigos e parentes para se efetuar uma compra se mostrou também relevante, assim como comprar em lojas de sites próprios, possibilitando assim aos gestores de sites proprietários orientações para se tornar mais competitivos no comércio online. / [en] Over the past few years online consumption has increased dramatically, especially as a result of the global pandemic. On one hand, a high unemployment rate was observed in Brazil, on the other hand, it was an option for many Brazilians to undertaken in electronic commerce. However, the way of virtual entrepreneurship requires understanding of the factors that impact consumer decision making, so that the best choice of investment in a virtual store can be right. The objective of this study was to identify the determining factors that influence decision making when buying products online, carried out by Brazilian consumers on retail sales, e-commerce sites, specifically in private label virtual stores, entitled by proprietary sites, excluding manufacturers online stores. Based on a documentary and bibliographic research, the selected and defined variables were: Online Purchase Environment, Sources of Influencers, Forms of Service and Price Range. The method chosen was the conjoint analysis, which allows different combinations of attributes and their levels to be evaluated all together. The results showed that price is the main factor in the consumer s purchase decision making, followed by the form of service on the website, with emphasis on WhatsApp. The indication of friends and relatives to make a purchase, also proved to be relevant, as well as buying in stores of own websites, thus allowing owners of sites to manage guidelines in order to become more competitive in online commerce.

Digitalisering är ett ämne som ständigt diskuteras och har på senare år utvecklats på många plan. Inom byggbranschen har BIM (Byggnadsinformationsmanagement) länge setts som en digital lösning vilken kan tänkas utveckla branschen inom flera områden, men trots det är den digitala utvecklingen inom branschen relativt låg vilket kan ge indikation på lägre produktivitet. Särskilt om man jämför med vad som faktiskt kan uppnås vid implementering av BIM fullt ut genom värdekedjan i projekt. Det finns en brist på tidigare studier kring varför det finns ett informationsgap mellan aktörer genom hela värdekedjan som delvis kan förklara denna låga produktivitet. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns vid implementeringen av BIM i hela värdekedjan av projekt och vad utmaningarna skapar för informationsgap mellan design/konstruktion- och förvaltningssidan inom ett projekt.     För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar har innovationsteori samt investeringsteori använts, där fokus främst riktats på innovationsteori. Med hjälp av teorierna kunde utmaningar med implementeringen av BIM och eventuella informationsgap som uppstår studeras djupare. I studien genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med fastighetsbolag, arkitekturbolag, konsultbolag och intresseorganisation.      De existerande utmaningarna vid implementering av BIM hos olika aktörer, som kan ligga till grund för försämrad interoperabilitet, kan förklaras med att avsaknad av gemensamma branschstandarder, avsaknad av en central BIM-samordnare och generellt sett låg utbildningsnivå kring vad BIM är. Det noteras att ett informationsgap finns mellan aktörer som arbetar på förvaltningssidan kontra design/konstruktion och detta kan dels förklaras på grund av motvilja att anpassa sig till nya lösningar enligt innovationsteori, dels på grund av avsaknad av gemensamma branschstandarder. Att en aktör i projektskedet inte anser det lämpligt att använda BIM kan förklaras eftersom kostnaden hittills inte alltid understiger nyttan.      Implementeringsfasen hos olika aktörer genom värdekedjan varierar och därmed kan branschen i vissa fall tolkas som trögflytande, bland annat på grund av frånvaro av öppna standarder och de språkbarriärer mellan program som kan uppstå vid användning av olika BIM-system. För att vidareutveckla arbetet kring ämnesfrågan behöver ytterligare studier genomföras kring proprietära rättigheter och problem vid anbudskalkylering, offentlig sektors påverkan på utveckling kring gemensamma branschstandarder, extern och intern BIM-samordning kopplat till effektivare projektledning och även hur gemensamma branschstandarder påverkar olika aktörer i hela värdekedjan av ett projekt. / Digitalization is constantly being discussed and has in recent years developed on many levels. Building information management, further described as BIM, has long been considered a digital solution in the construction and management industry. A solution that suitably would develop the industry in several areas. Despite this, digital development is relatively low which may indicate lower productivity than can be achieved. There is a lack of previous studies on why there is an information gap between stakeholders throughout the value chain that can partly explain low productivity and low effective stakeholder efficiency. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate the existing difficulties in the implementation of BIM in the entire value chain and what these difficulties lead to, such as information gaps between the design, construction and management side within a project.    The findings of the study are explained with support of innovation theory and investment theory, with main focus on innovation theory. With support of the theories, difficulties with implementation of BIM for stakeholders and any information gaps that arise have been studied more deeply. This study conducted eight semi-structured interviews with real estate companies, architecture companies, one consulting company and one interest group.   Existing challenges regarding implementation of BIM among different stakeholders, which may be the basis for impaired interoperability, can be explained in the absence of common industry standards, absence of a central BIM coordinator and generally low level of education about the subject BIM. It is noted that there is an information gap between stakeholders working on the administrative side versus design/construction and can be partly explained due to reluctance to adapt to new solutions according to innovation theory and partly due to the absence of common industry standards. The fact that the cost so far is not always less than the benefit of investing in BIM may explain why stakeholders in the project phase choose that BIM does not have to be appropriate to implement.    The implementation phase through the value chain of a project varies a lot for different stakeholders and because of that the industry may in some cases be interpreted as conservative. This could be explained due to the language barriers that can arise when using different BIM systems and due to absence of open standards. To further develop understanding on the subject issue, studies need to be carried out on proprietary rights and problems in tender calculation estimates. Moreover, studies on public sector impact regarding development around common industry standards, external and internal BIM coordination linked to more effective project management and how common industry standards affect different stakeholders in the whole value chain of a project may develop understanding on the subject issue.

Private International Law and the Issues of Securities Law Tomáš Borčin Acts No. 139/2011 Coll. and No. 172/2012 Coll. have introduced a set of brand new choice-of-law rules in respect to securities into the Czech legal system. The same set of rules has rather simultaneously been adopted by the new Act No. 91/2012 Coll., on Private International Law, coming into force on 1st of January 2014. However, despite the fact that these amendments had brought the much needed conflict of laws rules for cross border transactions involving securities, the actual subject of how the securities are treated in private international law remains mostly unexplored by Czech jurisprudence as of this date. Therefore, the core ambition of this thesis is to provide a complex legal analysis of the aforementioned rules by the means of examination of their theoretical basis as well as of practical implications of their application. The thesis consists of seven chapters of various extent and scope. The ratio behind the first chapter is to address the question of what securities are, and how are they treated pursuant to Czech legislation. The emphasis is given on the definition of securities and their respective classification, however, the chapter does not omit the upcoming changes in respect to the recodification of private...

The doctoral thesis focuses on the part of criminal proceedings in which the court adjudicates the injured person's private claims which arose in connection with a criminal act (so-called collateral proceedings). The importance of collateral proceedings lies in the fact that by using it the injured party may avoid time-consuming, financially as well as procedurally demanding civil proceedings. However, the institute of collateral proceedings comprises a number of specific issues since a criminal court adjudicates the private claims of the injured party in compliance with substantive law rules being outside of the scope of criminal law (mainly civil law and labour law regulations) but, still, within the framework of criminal proceedings. The basic source of the submitted thesis is the Czech legal order. However, it is not the only one taken into consideration. The doctoral thesis also contains comparative analysis of legal regulation of collateral proceedings from the point of view of the German and Swiss legal orders. Following the analysis of collateral proceedings de lege lata, as well as the comparison with foreign models I am submitting proposals for the improvement of legislation that could be used in connection with the planned recodification of the Czech Criminal Procedure.

A interoperabilidade entre equipamentos ou aplicativos (software) de tecnologias baseadas em redes de campo (fieldbus) é de suma importância nos sistemas de automação, pois permite a integração dos mesmos, de diferentes fabricantes. A integração é feita por uma linguagem de comunicação comum usada entre as diferentes tecnologias heterogêneas. No nível do software configurador FOUNDATION fieldbus (FF) de dispositivos e de malhas de controle, a linguagem usada para garantir a interoperabilidade entre os dispositivos é provida pela tecnologia de descrição de dispositivos chamada Electronic Device Description (EDD), que é proprietária e de complexo desenvolvimento para o fabricante, definida pela fieldbus Foundation. As tecnologias de software abertas e não-proprietárias têm apresentado um grande crescimento nos últimos anos, em especial a tecnologia eXtensible Markup language (XML), que se tornou mundialmente conhecida devido à integração de aplicativos internet, tornando-os assim interoperáveis uns com os outros. É proposta neste trabalho uma tecnologia de descrição de dispositivos aberta, não-proprietária e de simples desenvolvimento (para o fabricante), baseada na tecnologia XML, que é chamada de Open-EDD (Open Eletronic Device Description). A criação dessa tecnologia engloba a definição da linguagem Open-EDDML (Open Eletronic Device Description Markup Language), a modelagem do XML schema e o projeto e implementação de um interpretador (parser). Para validação dessa tecnologia, é feita a integração da mesma em um configurador real e testes usando dispositivos FF. / The interoperability among devices or software based on fieldbus technologies is becoming increasingly requested and demanded because it allows the integration of devices or software from different manufacturers. The integration is implemented through a common communication language used among the different heterogeneous technologies. In the FOUNDATION fieldbus configurator software is used to provide interoperability among devices a proprietary and complex technology (to be developed by manufacturers), known as Electronic Device Description (EDD) that is defined by the fieldbus Foundation. Meanwhile, open and non-proprietary software technologies have presented a great growth in the last years, especially the eXtensible Markup language (XML) technology, which has became worldwide known due to the integration of internet (heterogeneous) applications. This study proposes a new open, non-proprietary and simple (for manufacturer development) device description based on XML, that is named Open-EDD (Open Electronic Device Description). The creation of this technology includes the definition of the language Open-EDDML (Open Electronic Device Description Markup Language), modeling the XML Schema, projecting and implementing the parser. This technology is validated by integrating it to an existent configurator and testing it using FF devices.

A interoperabilidade entre equipamentos ou aplicativos (software) de tecnologias baseadas em redes de campo (fieldbus) é de suma importância nos sistemas de automação, pois permite a integração dos mesmos, de diferentes fabricantes. A integração é feita por uma linguagem de comunicação comum usada entre as diferentes tecnologias heterogêneas. No nível do software configurador FOUNDATION fieldbus (FF) de dispositivos e de malhas de controle, a linguagem usada para garantir a interoperabilidade entre os dispositivos é provida pela tecnologia de descrição de dispositivos chamada Electronic Device Description (EDD), que é proprietária e de complexo desenvolvimento para o fabricante, definida pela fieldbus Foundation. As tecnologias de software abertas e não-proprietárias têm apresentado um grande crescimento nos últimos anos, em especial a tecnologia eXtensible Markup language (XML), que se tornou mundialmente conhecida devido à integração de aplicativos internet, tornando-os assim interoperáveis uns com os outros. É proposta neste trabalho uma tecnologia de descrição de dispositivos aberta, não-proprietária e de simples desenvolvimento (para o fabricante), baseada na tecnologia XML, que é chamada de Open-EDD (Open Eletronic Device Description). A criação dessa tecnologia engloba a definição da linguagem Open-EDDML (Open Eletronic Device Description Markup Language), a modelagem do XML schema e o projeto e implementação de um interpretador (parser). Para validação dessa tecnologia, é feita a integração da mesma em um configurador real e testes usando dispositivos FF. / The interoperability among devices or software based on fieldbus technologies is becoming increasingly requested and demanded because it allows the integration of devices or software from different manufacturers. The integration is implemented through a common communication language used among the different heterogeneous technologies. In the FOUNDATION fieldbus configurator software is used to provide interoperability among devices a proprietary and complex technology (to be developed by manufacturers), known as Electronic Device Description (EDD) that is defined by the fieldbus Foundation. Meanwhile, open and non-proprietary software technologies have presented a great growth in the last years, especially the eXtensible Markup language (XML) technology, which has became worldwide known due to the integration of internet (heterogeneous) applications. This study proposes a new open, non-proprietary and simple (for manufacturer development) device description based on XML, that is named Open-EDD (Open Electronic Device Description). The creation of this technology includes the definition of the language Open-EDDML (Open Electronic Device Description Markup Language), modeling the XML Schema, projecting and implementing the parser. This technology is validated by integrating it to an existent configurator and testing it using FF devices.

<p>Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ‘IPRs’ particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights.</p><p>This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries.</p><p>From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering. And policy makers should consider differentiation in terms of the level of economic and industrial development, if protection and enforcement of IPRs is intended to enhance technological development.</p>

Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ‘IPRs’ particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights. This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries. From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering. And policy makers should consider differentiation in terms of the level of economic and industrial development, if protection and enforcement of IPRs is intended to enhance technological development.

The purpose of this study was to determine teachers’ perceptions of the relationship of the Katy Management of Automated Curriculum (KMAC) system developed by Katy ISD in Katy, Texas, on planning for learning, delivery of instruction and evaluation of student learning in the classroom. KMAC is a customized, proprietary networked technology curriculum management system created for online access to curriculum and the creation and sharing of lesson plans. Data was collected from 635 teachers district-wide through an online survey. This data was used to determine whether there were differences between/among teachers and teacher leaders and between/among elementary, junior high and high school teachers in their perceived impact of the KMAC on planning for learning, delivery of instruction and evaluation of student learning. Regarding planning for learning, teachers were found to have a moderately positive perception of KMAC with teacher leaders being slightly more positive. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between grade levels with elementary teachers more positive than secondary teachers. Regarding delivery of instruction, teacher leaders again perceived a more positive relationship with KMAC than the teacher non-leaders. Statistically significant differences were also found between elementary and junior high, elementary and high school and between junior high and high school teachers, with elementary teachers being the most positive. Teachers were the least positive toward KMAC and the evaluation of student learning. While a statistically significant relationship was found in relationship to the grade level taught and evaluation, this area was admittedly weaker than the other two areas in district development and teachers’ perceptions. While the position of teacher leader seemed to impact the results in all categories, the grade level taught was found to have the greatest statistical impact on the teacher perceptions.