Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-18T12:01:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 39c.pdf: 875476 bytes, checksum: 8a8b6c4934cfff87a473a3b3a24ea27c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-18T12:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 39c.pdf: 875476 bytes, checksum: 8a8b6c4934cfff87a473a3b3a24ea27c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Trata-se de um estudo transversal para investigar a relação entre transtornos psiquiátricos menores e sintomas do climatério, bem como os fatores associados, em 615 mulheres, de 40 aos 65 anos, atendidas em um ambulatório de climatério e cirurgia ginecológica do sistema público de saúde no sul do Brasil. Avaliou-se Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores (TPM) pelo Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e Sintomas do climatério pelo Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Criou-se um escore para sintomas do climatério e categorizado em 3 níveis de sintomas: nenhum/leves; moderados; e altos/muito altos. Foram calculadas as razões de chances brutas e ajustadas, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, utilizandose Regressão Logística Ordinal. A prevalência de sintomas do climatério nenhum/ leves foi de 34,1% (IC 95% 30,3-37,9); moderados 29,6% (IC 95% 25,8-33,1) e altos/ muito altos 36,3% (IC 95% 32,4-40,0). A prevalência de TPM foi de 66,6% (IC 95% 62,8-70,3). Após ajuste, mulheres acima de 50 anos, com companheiro, de menor escolaridade, fumantes, com maior número de gestações durante a vida reprodutiva, obesas, em uso de medicação psicotrópica e que estavam na pós-menopausa apresentaram maior chance de ter sintomas do climatério. Apresentar TPM esteve associado a uma chance cerca de 8 vezes maior para sintomas do climatério, quando comparadas com aquelas mulheres sem estes transtornos. Os TPM estão fortemente associados à presença de sintomas do climatério, independente de fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, reprodutivos e uso de medicação psicotrópica. / This paper is about a cross-sectional study which aimed to investigate the relationship between minor psychiatric disorders and climacteric symptoms as well as the associated factors in 615 women, aged from 40 to 65 years, assisted at an outpatient climacterium and gynecological surgery clinic of the public health system in the south of Brazil. Minor Psychiatric Disorders were evaluated by Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the symptoms of menopause by Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). A score for climacteric symptoms was created and categorized in 3 levels of symptoms: none / mild, moderate, and high / very high. The unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated with their respective confidence intervals of 95%, using Ordinal Logistic Regression. The prevalence of climacteric symptoms none / mild was 34.1% (95% CI 30.3 to 37.9), moderate 29.6% (95% CI 25.8 to 33.1) and high / very high 36.3% (95% CI 32.4 to 40.0). The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was 66.6% (95% CI 62.8 to 70.3). After adjustment, women over 50 years old with a partner, less educated, smokers, with more pregnancies during reproductive life, overweight, on medication for nerves and who were in their postmenopausal had a higher occurrence of climacteric symptoms. Minor psychiatric disorders led to 8 times higher chance for climacteric symptoms compared with those without these disorders. The minor psychiatric disorders are strongly associated with the presence of climacteric symptoms, independent of sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive factors, and the use of psychotropic medication.

Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

CONTEXTO: A exposição a eventos traumáticos durante a infância está associada a uma piora das funções cognitivas, especialmente na função executiva. Estes achados são bem documentados em adultos. Entretanto há poucos estudos que avaliam as alterações cognitivas em crianças em idade escolar com história de trauma precoce. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho cognitivo em crianças com história de abuso sexual, maus-tratos e/ou negligência, em comparação a controles não expostos a vivências traumáticas. MÉTODO: Em um estudo de caso-controle, foram recrutadas 30 crianças de 5 a 12 anos de idade com história de trauma e 30 controles, pareados por sexo e idade, no período de outubro de 2008 a janeiro de 2010. A cognição foi avaliada através do teste ‗Wisconsin card sorting test’, Escala Wechsler de Inteligência – 3ª Edição (subtestes dígitos, cubos e vocabulário) e do teste ‗Continuos Performance Test‘. O K-SADS-E foi utilizado para identificar sintomas ou transtornos psiquiátricos de acordo com DSM-IV-TR, os quais eram confirmados também em entrevista com psiquiatra. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sintomas psiquiátricos nas crianças com trauma foi de 56,6% e nos controles foi de 6,7 % (p<0.001). Os casos tiveram um pior desempenho no subteste ‘Dígitos do WISC-III’ (F=8,553, p=0,005) e no teste ‗CPT commission errors‘ (F=5.63, p=0.022) quando comparados aos controles. Em crianças com trauma, o QI foi estatisticamente superior naquelas sem sintomas psiquiátricos (p= 0,025) em comparação com aquelas que apresentavam sintomas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que crianças com história de trauma apresentam prejuízo na atenção e na memória de trabalho comparado a controles, o que pode ser detectado já nos primeiros anos da idade escolar. A presença de sintomas psiquiátricos também está associada a um pior funcionamento cognitivo nestas crianças e a um pior funcionamento global. Os dados apresentados reforçam a importância de intervenção precoce para prevenir déficit cognitivo quando o trauma não pode ser evitado. / INTRODUCTION: Exposure to traumatic events during childhood is often associated with cognitive impairment. These findings are well documented in adults. However, few studies have examined cognitive function in school-age children with a history of early trauma. OBJECTIVE: To examine cognitive performance in children with trauma compared to age and gender matched controls. METHODS: We recruited thirty 5-12 years old children with a history childhood trauma and thirty age and gender matched controls. The neuropsychological battery assessed broad cognitive domains such as learning/working memory, executive function, attention, verbal/premorbid intellectual functioning (IQ) and impulsivity. The K-SADS-E was used to examine psychiatric symptoms or disorders according to DSM-IV-TR, which were also confirmed in an interview with a psychiatrist. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in those with childhood trauma was 56.6% while in controls was 6.7% (p <0.001). Those with trauma showed a worse performance in the Digit Span WISC-III (F = 8.553, p = 0.005) and CPT errors (F=5.63, p=0.022) when compared to controls. In addition, children with psychiatric symptoms and childhood trauma, showed lower IQ scores when compared to those without (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that children with trauma show attention and working memory impairment when compared to controls, which is present as early as in the first school years. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in children exposed to traumatic experiences and this seems to be associated with worse cognitive performance and global functioning. These findings further support the need for early intervention to prevent cognitive impairment when childhood trauma could not be avoided.

The intertwined relationship between physical and psychological problems is a topic of much interest in the rehabilitation of severely injured patients, e.g. after a burn. The present study aims at gaining further knowledge concerning the impact of psychological factors and psychiatric morbidity on short and long-term adaptation after burn injury. Outcome was assessed for three main areas: pruritus, return to work and psychiatric health. Three separate samples of previous or current adult patients treated at the Uppsala Burn Unit during different time periods: 1980-1995 (n=248), 1996-2000 (n=86), and 2000-2005 (n=73), were assessed. Chronic burn-related pruritus is more common than previously reported and psychological factors such as anxiety-related personality traits and coping are significantly associated with its presence. Only a small group of former patients with work-related accidents were not working an average of nine years after injury. The unemployed reported more pain and worse perceived health, particularly in psychosocial domains. Returning to work was explained by both injury severity and personality characteristics. Those who were not working had lower health-related quality of life and poorer traumarelated physical and psychological health, and more pain. Preburn psychiatric morbidity is high in a lifetime perspective. Two thirds of the sample had at least one disorder according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Affective disorders were especially highly represented. A logistic regression showed that having a history of preburn disorders was associated with a higher risk of both PTSD and depression one year after the injury. In this material it was actually uncommon for a patient without a preburn psychiatric history to develop postburn psychiatric symptomatology. The results have strengthened the overall model for adaptation after burn injury by showing that psychological factors and psychiatric history are important moderators of the adaptation process after the injury.

Many patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) exhibit difficulties in rehabilitation, even in cases of a good prognosis. The present project investigates this using qualitative methods and standardised outcome measures. Patients with SAH treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2002 and 2005 with an expected good prognosis were consecutively included. In addition, nurses working with such patients were interviewed. Outcome was assessed in terms of perception of care, psychiatric health, coping and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Qualitative content analyses revealed eight categories, which were divided into two patterns, Confident or Pessimistic perception of recovery, largely on the basis of the presence or absence of depression. Eighty-three patients were assessed by The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Axis I (SCID-I). Forty-one percent fulfilled criteria for any psychiatric disorder seven months after SAH and 45 % presented with a history of lifetime psychiatric morbidity. Logistic regressions indicated that a psychiatric history was related to a higher risk of psychiatric problems seven months after SAH, as well as a lower return to work. SAH patients had lower HRQoL than the general Swedish population; almost entirely in the subgroup with a psychiatric history prior to the SAH. Those with a psychiatric history used more evasive, fatalistic, emotive and palliative coping strategies associated with inability to handle illness. Multiple regressions revealed that a psychiatric history and use of coping were independently associated with HRQoL, albeit more in the mental than the physical domains. Qualitative content analyses revealed that nurses viewed patients’ support needs as a process ranging from technological to emotional care. Shortcomings in the communication between nurses in acute and rehabilitation settings on the subject of support were acknowledged. The results underline the importance of early diagnosis of coexisting psychiatric illness and the need for an intact health care chain.

A major burn is one of the most severe traumas a person can experience, and recovery can be a protracted process. The principal aim was to increase the knowledge base regarding factors related to return to work and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after burns. Patients treated at the Uppsala Burn Center between 2000 and 2007 were included on a consecutive basis. Assessments were made at hospitalization, and thereafter and included a home visit 2 to 7 years after injury. The psychometric properties of the generic HRQoL instrument EQ-5D were investigated. The results support the use of EQ-5D as an adjunct to burn-specific assessments of HRQoL. Most former patients exhibited a good HRQoL at 2 to 7 years postburn. Not working at the time of injury and having PTSD at 12 months, as well as having low scores on the EQ VAS at 12 months, were related to a worse EQ VAS score at 2 to 7 years after injury. The majority of former patients had returned to work 2 to 7 years postburn. Time to return to work was predicted by length of hospital stay and a personality disorder diagnosis. Predictors for not returning to work were length of stay and having any anxiety or substance use disorder prior to injury. Those who were not back at work reported lower generic and burn-specific health, and exhibited more psychiatric morbidity at follow-up than those who were working. The latter group exhibited HRQoL that was comparable to that of the general population. Participants emphasized their own psychological resources and capabilities as facilitators in the process of returning to active work. The findings suggest that an early and systematic approach for assessing recognized risk factors enhances the possibility of discovering patients at risk of developing problems during postburn adaptation.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Psychology

This report presents an overview of the results of the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (Kessler et al., 1994) and future directions based on these results. The NCS is a survey that was mandated by the US Congress to study the comorbidity of substance use disorders and nonsubstance psychiatric disorders in the general population of the US. (...)

Project (Ed.S.)--James Madison University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

This study tested whether the hormonal stress response to the DEX-CRH test may be predictive of the psychotherapy success for panic disorder (PD). Thirty-four patients diagnosed either with agoraphobia with PD or PD without agoraphobia were subjected to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Patients (pre-therapy) and healthy volunteers were exposed to the DEX-CRH test. Blood samples were taken for cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) assessment. Established panic-specific questionnaires were handed out for the pre-therapy and post-therapy evaluation of disease severity (with reference to panic beliefs and agoraphobic cognitions, fear of bodily sensations, agoraphobic avoidance behaviour). Repeated measures ANCOVA were conducted for the analysis of the pre-therapy hormonal response, and Pearson\'s correlation analysis to test for associations with the psychotherapy outcome. Data analyses revealed large effect sizes for CBT in the clinical measures (η2 ≥ 0.321), main effects of time for cortisol and ACTH with no differences between both groups, and significant associations between cortisol release and agoraphobic cognitions for the patients. PD diagnosis had no impact on the hormonal response. However, those patients with higher cortisol release showed less improvement after CBT (significantly for agoraphobic cognitions). Clinical implications of these findings are the prediction of the therapy success from a potential endocrine correlate whose persistency (if assessed repeatedly) during the treatment may predict (non-)response to the current treatment, possibly representing a decision support for a change in treatment to avoid the continuation of an inefficient treatment.