2001年，小林一博的『出版大崩壞』一書中，精闢的解析日本出版業轉型的必要性，當時日本出版業面臨的困境，這幾年已經慢慢的在台灣傳統出版業上顯現。出版業的經營環境變遷甚鉅，出版商面臨了出版品供過於求、非紙製出版品的興起、營業額逐年下降、退貨率居高不下等困境；發行商則面臨了利潤空間被壓縮、業務量萎縮、發行費用日益增加的窘境；至於通路商，也面臨了低價促銷變成常態、資金不足、傳統書店經營漸趨困難的情況。另一方面，年輕族群閱聽的動能逐漸轉移到非紙本的媒體上，數位出版產業興起。目前數位出版之業者以價值鏈區分可分為內容創意、出版加值、數位流通與設備使用四種類型，在創新過程中可能會因其價值鏈位置的不同而在創新的作法上有所差異，而創新團隊的不同類型亦可能造成業者在創新過程中有不同的挑戰與因應措施。因此，本研究的目的在於探討數位出版產業中創新的關鍵因素以及創新組織的相關議題，並期望對目前發展中的數位出版事業在面臨創新時可能遇到之障礙與挑戰提出觀察與建議。主要探討之問題為： 一、 數位出版業者在創新的關鍵要素上作法各為何？有何相同處？ 二、 數位出版業者在從事創新活動時的組織特性為何？ 研究發現如下：一、數位出版業者不論位於什麼位置，皆有來自內部與外部的創意來源，其中，外部來源在現階段較為重要；二、數位出版業者皆重視市場之意見回饋，但在實際執行過程中，因”市場競爭、技術問題、使用者習慣” 等因素，因而面臨市場分析數據不足之情況；三、目前數位出版市場面臨之共同問題為需求、設備、軟體以及內容的不協調；四、資金方面，集團本身內部資源的流通與共享是相對於小型出版業者較有優勢之處；五、人才方面，其人才組成分為技術專業與編輯專業兩大類，而目前數位出版產業最缺乏兩種專業兼具之人才；六、在數位出版產業中，其創新關鍵要素之發展順序有一定之脈絡。目前之發展模式為先模擬市場並做小型嘗試，再依據顧客反應修改產品。等到被市場認同，市場擴大後需要新的創意，新的創意產生後，資金就湧入，人才既之被吸引而來。七、數位出版業者在從事創新時，組織以功能型->輕量級->重量級->自治型的順序轉變，當組織發覺有近似市場的機會時，會積極以輕量級或重量級團隊進行創新。

數位內容是政府推動「兩兆雙星」的明星產業之一，其中數位出版與典藏即屬其八大領域之一，具有發展知識經濟的指標意義。政府投入十多年來，業界對於市場潛力仍抱持觀望態度。直到2007年數位出版產業出現革命性之創新商業模式:亞馬遜網路書店(Amazon)推出整合內容、服務、與通訊之電子書專屬閱讀器Kindel，其熱銷佳績，引起各界矚目，亦證明了「閱讀，確實能成為產品之基礎」。 在網際網路與數位化的衝擊下，出版產業價值鏈由於數位內容的大量湧現，使得整個產業需要進行架構性的轉型。除了出版業者遭遇數位化轉型壓力，數位出版產業亦加入不少新成員:如網路作家、行動通訊業者、資訊硬體廠商等…臺灣具有生機勃發的出版產業與厚實的科技研發技術，在數位出版領域之發展可謂兼備軟硬實力。但在公私部門陸續投入之下，目前仍未出現成熟之商業模式，亦不見殺手級產品之應用。在此情勢中，同異業之間的合縱連橫，以及對上下游的策略布局，成為未來數位出版產業發展之重要因素。因此本研究之核心問題為數位出版產業中關鍵參與者之間的互動關係，以及個別對於現況之回應程度。在研究架構方面，則以競合理論(Brandenburgeran & Nalebuff, 1996)為主體，從核心企業、顧客、供應商、互補者、競爭者五大角色切入，探究個別業者的策略佈局與動態互動關係。輔以體驗經濟(Pine & Gilmore,1998)中經濟價值遞進的階段性模型，以文獻分析與個案訪談之方法推論出數位出版產業衍變趨勢。本研究結論可歸納為四: 1. 數位出版價值鏈縮短，廠商組成與分工發生質變。如終端閱讀載體業者與電信業者新加入數位出版產業競局；數位內容營運業者成為重要中間商，通路影響力逐漸展現。遭受轉型壓力之上游內容供應業者現階段應採取「雙軌並行」策略。 2. 就產業現況而言，以互補性資源為基礎的小眾異業結盟現象為發展主軸。「創造價值的本質是合作，爭取價值的本質是競爭」則可總結數位出版產業存在之複雜互動關係。 3. 數位出版產業技術融合的結果擴大產業「範圍」，而「參賽者」與「附加價值」為業界普遍使用於改變產業競局之元素。 4. 各類出版品將依其內容性質往核心持續演化出相異之數位表現型式，整體發展趨勢朝向實體紙本之互補品演進，預測數位出版產業將走向虛實整合的體驗經濟。 / Digital content, including digital publishing and archives, is one of the stars in "Two Trillion Twin Stars” industries. Development of digital content industry is in significance of knowledge-based economy. Although government has promoted for more than a decade, the market potential of digital content was unclear and industry players were cautious until the success of Amazon’s “Kindle”. In 2007, Amazon Bookstore launched the revolutionary eBook reader “Kindle” by creating a new business model that brings contents, services, and transmission together. The success of Kindle not only arouses attention from other market players but also proved the feasibility of e-reader products. Under the impact of digitization, the value chain and structure of publishing industry has transformed due to the emergence of large amount of digital content. Content Providers, such as traditional publishers, have experienced much pressure from the digital transition. In addition, new players such as Information Technology & Communication and IT hardware manufacturers have become involved into the industry. The publishing industry in Taiwan has a growing vitality and solid scientific and technological strength, which makes it an ideal environment for the development of digital publishing industry. However, since the business model is not mature and no killer application has emerged yet, the alliances between different parties and interactions of upstream and downstream become key factors of future development of Taiwan’s digital content industry. The core issue of the study is the interaction between key players in digital publishing industry and their evolution status. This study uses Co-Opetition Theory (Brandenburgeran & Nalebuff, 1996) as theoretical framework and analyzes five dimensions of Taiwan’s digital publishing industry. Additionally, Experience Economy Theory (Pine & Gilmore, 1998) is used as reference to forecast the trend of the industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the layout strategy and dynamic inter-relationship of digital publishing firms by utilizing literature analysis, case study, and deeply interviews. Conclusions of this study can be summarized as following: 1. The value chain of digital publishing has been shortened and the role of market players and their business division have been redefined. For Instance, new players such as Ebook readers’ manufactures and ITC companies are emerging in digital publishing industry, and the influences of integrators and sales channel have been greatly arisen. Therefore, content providers are suggested to take “dual track” strategy to cope with incoming transition pressure. 2. In terms of current situation, the cross-industry alliances are mainly based on complementary resources. To best describe the complex interaction in the digital industry, The complex interaction of the digital industry can be generally described in one sentence, “Cooperation is to create value, while competition is to grasp the value.” 3. The results of technology integration have broadened the scope of digital publishing industry, and "Participants" and "added-value" are elements that can be used to change the competition posture. 4. Digital publication will keep evolving according to their content type, and the trend is toward to make it the complementary goods of paper publications. Moreover, by integrating digital and physical publication, digital publishing industry can be predicted to evolve toward experience economy.

Ma recherche vise, d’une part, à appréhender le phénomène de la publication des correspondances des « poilus » (les soldats français de la Première Guerre mondiale) et d’autre part, à déterminer leur rôle dans la mémoire collective de la Grande Guerre. Précédé d’un bilan historiographique, mon travail se divise en trois chapitres autour de trois thèmes principaux, la correspondance, l’édition et la mémoire. Le premier chapitre met en contexte la production des lettres et identifie les facteurs l’influençant. Le deuxième chapitre se penche sur les buts éditoriaux des publications de correspondances et sur leur transformation au fil des époques. Finalement, le dernier chapitre analyse la place de ces publications dans le cadre de la commémoration de la Grande Guerre. La recherche va au-delà de l’analyse des lettres et s’intéresse davantage aux desseins éditoriaux des recueils. Les sources utilisées sont des ouvrages collectifs publiant des lettres de poilus, édités entre 1922 (La dernière lettre) et 2006 (Paroles de Verdun). / My research aims to address the phenomenon of the publication of the “poilus” correspondences (French soldiers of the First World War) and to determine their role in the collective memory of the Great War. Preceded by a historiographic review, my work is divided into three chapters around three main themes, correspondences, publishing and memory. The first chapter puts into context the production of letters and identifies the factors influencing it. The second chapter considers the leading goals of publishing correspondences and their transformation over time. Finally, the last chapter analyzes the need for these publications for commemoration of the Great War. Research goes beyond the analysis of letters and focuses on the leading intentions of the editions. The sources used are anthologies of the “poilus” letters, published between 1922 (La dernière lettre) and 2006 (Paroles de Verdun).

Silicon (Si) is known as beneficial element for graminaceous plants. The importance of Si for plant functioning of cereals was recently emphasized. However, about the effect of Si availability on biomass production, grain yield, nutrient status and nutrient use efficiency for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as one of the most important crop plants worldwide, less is known so far. Consequently, we assessed the effect of a broad range of supply levels of amorphous SiO2 on wheat plant performance. Our results revealed that Si is readily taken up and accumulated basically in aboveground vegetative organs. Carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) status of plants were altered in response to varying Si supply. In bulk straw biomass C concentration decreased with increasing Si supply, while P concentration increased from slight limitation towards optimal nutrition. Thereby, aboveground biomass production increased at low to medium supply levels of silica whereas grain yield increased at medium supply level only. Nutrient use efficiency was improved by Si insofar that biomass production was enhanced at constant nitrogen (N) status of substrate and plants. Consequently, our findings imply fundamental influences of Si on C turnover, P availability and nitrogen use efficiency for wheat as a major staple crop.

This study was conducted to detail the history of The Arlington Citizen-Journal newspaper and its editors and the effect of an active newspaper on the orderly growth of a town. The Arlington Citizen-Journal evolved from a merger of two Arlington weekly newspapers, The Arlington Journal and The Arlington Citizen, which for more than fifty years reported Arlington happenings. The study includes historical information about the city, its people, and its institutions, and direct quotations of both editorial comment and news reports of Arlington events and people. It was found that throughout the years of Arlington's rapid growth, The Citizen-Journal was a vital force behind its citizens.

A bridge connecting student's new multi-modal abilities and schooling can be built. Students choose between school and other activities outside of the classroom walls (and sometimes even inside the classroom) and schoolwork seems to be losing ground in the battle of spare time more and more. Students could benefit from an electronic space that incorporates their media know-how, their studies, and others in the classroom. Blogs, or weblogs, provide just that type of space by relying on the user's insightful writing and creativity to retain a dynamic position in the Internet blogging community. Blogs have the ability to better the writing classroom by providing an educational forum for dialogue, spatial creativity, and social awareness.

The diploma thesis The publishing house Axel Springer and its transformation into a digital house focuses on the gradual transformation of a the German publishing house Axel Springer from a traditional publisher of printed media into the digital house it is today. The thesis analyzes its business activities and offers a periodized overview of the house's dominant business strategies from the moment it was established in 1946 to 2014. Simultaneously, the thesis presents the chronological development of the house's product portfolio. It is this record of the house's historical and current portfolio which discovers not only the changes in the structure of revenues, but also the house's shift from its original object of enterprise. In the case of Axel Springer, the transformation is characterized with a transfer of the principles of media enterprise into the digital environment - within which the focus was broadened from media projects to non-media projects as well. Economically speaking, this strategy has been successful, as in 2014 the house generated more than 70% of its overall profit (EBITDA) from its digital activities. At the same time the thesis proves in a critical manner that the digital transformation of Axel Springer is not a result of successful digital transformation of the way the...

The diploma thesis deals with the communication strategy of Knižní klub publisher since its establishment till the end of the year 2013. Knižní klub belongs to publishers that mostly in 90s' formed Czech literary culture by its business model. Until recently it was a part of the world media group Bertelsmann, which has operated literary clubs all over the world since 50s' of the 20th century. It entered the Czech Republic shortly after the revolution and brought many forbidden titles. The policy of edition represented the mix of the quality world literature and also the whole range of saleable books which copied actual readers' trends. On this basis, I focus on historical background and its influence of the policy of edition. Then I deal with the development of the literary club after the year 1989. With The Knižní klub publisher, which has gone through several changes from distribution company to appropriate publisher, I try to target the communicational activities in socio-cultural context. Communication strategy was observed through club catalogues and media. Media image in social-cultural supplements Víkend Mladé fronty Dnes, Salon Práva and critical monthly journal Literární noviny is also part of the text and helps to understand the strategy of the publisher.

This diploma thesis is about the media representation of Ivan Martin Jirous - a famous poet, essayist, art critic and the theorist of the czech underground. Ivan Martin Jirous, nicknamed Magor, is especially famous for the fact that he closely worked with the rock band The Plastic People of the Universe, which was at the time of normalization in opposition to communist political party, and therefore its members were persecuted and imprisoned. On the other hand after the year 1989 he became important dissident and the poet. His life changes affect into his media image, which is the subject of this diploma thesis. The main aim of this thesis is to point the life of Ivan Martin Jirous on a personal, journalistic and artistic level based on the study the professional sources and literature. But also obtain a comprehensive historical and media analysis of media texts about Ivan Martin Jirous. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter, which follows after the introduction, has descriptive character, and focuses on the person of Ivan Martin Jirous. It offers a brief overview of his life, his family, studies and jobs. The second one describes his publications and his other cultural activities. The third chapter includes a chronological list of media texts about Ivan Martin Jirous...

The diploma thesis Rewievs of French Literature in the Book Series Světová četba (World Reading) between years 1948 and 1999 analyses the forewords of one of the most important Czech book series of the 20th century. The main aim of the thesis is to find out to what extent the contemporary culture policy influenced the content of the respective texts that were published together with the translations of francophonic literature. The author has chosen the method of qualitative analysis, which has provided the basis for the subsequent quantitative analysis. She tries to describe the way in which the slant in the forewords can present itself and to find out if it truly presented itself in the Světová četba book series. As there is not enough processed materials available concerning the book series and the policy of the Odeon publishing house (formerly SNKLU or SNKLHU), the thesis also covers an extensive historiographic background research based on archive materials and controlled conversations with witnesses.