Six women participated in a qualitative study to understand women's experiences with abortion. The women ranged in age from 52 to 26, and were at least five years post-abortion. A questionnaire was developed using a stress and coping model as a guide to answer the following: relevant primary and reappraisal processes; problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies; resources; and personal and environmental constraints. The results give the women's individual experiences as well as the themes that were consistent for the participants. The women all appraised the situation of an unplanned pregnancy as stressful. All of the participants viewed having the child as a threat to their education, career, or relationship with family. Although all of the women thought some part of the procedure was more stressful than they had anticipated, all found ways to cope with differing levels of stress. The women saw their friends, family, ob-gyn physicians, priest, and clinic staff as resources during the experience. The women most often reported that religious beliefs constrained their abilities to cope. They also reported a lack of information about the abortion procedure and possible physical and emotional effects as environmental constraints. Overall, all but one participant would make the same decision, and all viewed themselves as coping well with a stressful life event. / Master of Science

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This study is dealing with the adoption of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) by Swedish farmers during the last 20 years. SRWC is considered as an innovation in land use. An exploratory case study was set up by interviewing Swedish farmers and land owners to find out (1) about their decision process and reasons to start with Salix cultivation and (2) their opinions from today’s (time of interview, 2008) point of view about that decision. The aim is to improve German investigations in this field, to find out about reasons for farmers to decide in favour of or against SRWC. The development of Salix cultivation in Sweden seemed successful in the beginning of the 1990s as the total area of SRWC increased considerably until 1995. With the entry to the EU and participation in the common agricultural policy (CAP) in 1995 the positive development ended and has remained on the same level until this investigation. The study is based on 14 interviews with farmers who have been involved in SRWC. The interviews are part of the appendix A (Anhang A). On the basis of these 14 cases reasons and aspects for making decisions are evaluated in a qualitative method. Important factors for decision making in Sweden were in this study: agricultural policy before 1995, income from Salix, workload, service enterprise Agroenergi AB, hunting, site quality, and some miscellaneous aspects more. Further investigations should consider the type of farmer referring to his personal income structures as SRWC seems suitable for landowners who are financially independent from agricultural income. Another topic for further investigations should be the transfer of the obtained knowledge in Sweden to Germany.

This study is dealing with the adoption of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) by Swedish farmers during the last 20 years. SRWC is considered as an innovation in land use. An exploratory case study was set up by interviewing Swedish farmers and land owners to find out (1) about their decision process and reasons to start with Salix cultivation and (2) their opinions from today’s (time of interview, 2008) point of view about that decision. The aim is to improve German investigations in this field, to find out about reasons for farmers to decide in favour of or against SRWC. The development of Salix cultivation in Sweden seemed successful in the beginning of the 1990s as the total area of SRWC increased considerably until 1995. With the entry to the EU and participation in the common agricultural policy (CAP) in 1995 the positive development ended and has remained on the same level until this investigation. The study is based on 14 interviews with farmers who have been involved in SRWC. The interviews are part of the appendix A (Anhang A). On the basis of these 14 cases reasons and aspects for making decisions are evaluated in a qualitative method. Important factors for decision making in Sweden were in this study: agricultural policy before 1995, income from Salix, workload, service enterprise Agroenergi AB, hunting, site quality, and some miscellaneous aspects more. Further investigations should consider the type of farmer referring to his personal income structures as SRWC seems suitable for landowners who are financially independent from agricultural income. Another topic for further investigations should be the transfer of the obtained knowledge in Sweden to Germany.:Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis........................................................................... 6 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................. 7 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Problemstellung................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Ziel der Diplomarbeit .......................................................................................... 11 1.3 Untersuchungsgebiet ........................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Geografie, Klima und Politik .................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Landwirtschaft......................................................................................... 15 1.3.3 Salixkultivierung in Schweden................................................................ 16 1.4 Begriffsabgrenzung und deduktiv entwickelte Faktoren..................................... 19 1.5 Vorgehensweise................................................................................................... 22 2 Theoretischer Rahmen...................................................................................... 23 3 Methodik ............................................................................................................ 31 3.1 Forschungsdesign ................................................................................................ 31 3.2 Datenerhebung..................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Befragung................................................................................................ 32 3.2.2 Erhebungsinstrumente............................................................................. 33 3.2.3 Auswahlverfahren und Interviewdurchführung ...................................... 35 3.2.4 Transkription ........................................................................................... 36 3.3 Auswertung.......................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1 Strategie................................................................................................... 37 3.3.2 Kategoriensystem, Paraphrase und Reduktion........................................ 38 3.3.3 Integration der Ergebnisse....................................................................... 42 4 Ergebnisse .......................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Die Interviewpartner............................................................................................ 46 4.2 Spektrum der Entscheidungsgründe .................................................................... 54 4.3 Entscheidungsfaktoren und Thesen..................................................................... 65 4.3.1 Agrarpolitische Faktoren vor 1995 ......................................................... 65 4.3.2 Einkommen aus SRWC........................................................................... 66 4.3.3 Faktor Dienstleister ................................................................................. 66 4.3.4 Faktor Arbeitsbelastung .......................................................................... 67 4.3.5 Faktor Jagd .............................................................................................. 68 4.3.6 Faktor Standort........................................................................................ 68 4.3.7 Weitere Faktoren ..................................................................................... 69 5 Diskussion........................................................................................................... 70 6 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 82 7 Literaturverzeichnis .......................................................................................... 84 Anhang A: Fallübersichten .......................................................................................... 91 A.1 SÖD-A, 19.01.2008 ........................................................................................ 91 A.2 SÖD-B, 19.01.2008 ........................................................................................ 94 A.3 SÖD-C, 21.02.2008 ........................................................................................ 97 A.4 UPP-A, 20.01.2008....................................................................................... 100 A.5 UPP-B, 22.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 103 A.6 UPP-C, 22.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 107 A.7 ÖST-B, 12.01.2008....................................................................................... 111 A.8 ÖST-C, 13.01.2008....................................................................................... 114 A.9 ÖST-E, 15.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 117 A.10 ÖST-F, 16.01.2008 ....................................................................................... 121 A.11 ÖST-G, 16.01.2008....................................................................................... 124 A.12 ÖST-H, 17.01.2008....................................................................................... 128 A.13 VGT-A, 23.01.2008...................................................................................... 132 A.14 VGT-B, 25.01.2008 ...................................................................................... 136 Anhang B: Materialien und Informationen ............................................................. 139 B.1 Zeitstrahl ....................................................................................................... 139 B.2 Interviewleitfaden ......................................................................................... 140 B.3 Kurzfragebogen ............................................................................................ 142 B.4 Codierleitfaden ............................................................................................. 144 B.5 Materialien auf CD-ROM Anhang ............................................................... 145 B.6 Anmerkung zum Thema Gender .................................................................. 145 B.7 Glossar .......................................................................................................... 146

Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi. / Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi.

<p>Kalmar Municipality has in 2008-2010 made an effort to educate managers on gender, with the goal of mainstreaming gender into public activities so that all citizens should feel safe in that treatment and services are designed and resources are distributed equally to both sexes living conditions and needs. The overall aim of this study was to examine whether the training effort has paid off, and how gender mainstreaming has been implemented in the different activities. We have used a qualitative approach, which we examined through interviews managers' approach to gender equality.</p><p>Gender was generally described as an important issue of all respondents, and all were working to mainstream gender into their activities and workplaces. The results show that the operational and management needed clearer directives and strategies in their efforts to promote gender equality. Education was necessary because personal definition of gender may differ from the control contents of the documents. We found that many respondents saw the barrier of time, but also difficulties in changing attitudes and preferences of employees. As a result, we realized that the problem was bigger than that, when society is ruled by norms and values. After analysis of empirical data, we concluded that gender mainstreaming is a difficult subject, and it demands hard work, efforts and resources.</p>

To better understand the responses of siblings to the disclosure of a sister's lesbian identity, eight pairs of siblings, each consisting of one lesbian participant and one of her siblings, were interviewed. Both lesbian and sibling participants were asked to discuss family relationships before disclosure (coming out), the actual disclosure, sibling reactions, parental reactions, and family relationships since disclosure. Notable results include "closeness" in sibling relationships and high levels of "trust" as strong predictors of supportive sibling responses. Siblings were also found to take on the role of confidant and counselor for their parents as they negotiated their daughters' newly-disclosed sexual orientation.

I det sociokulturella perspektivet som vi har utgått ifrån är synsättet på lärandet att det utvecklas i sociala sammanhang där kommunikation är en central del. Lärandet sker i samspel mellan individer där en genom stöttning och vägledning utvecklar nuvarande kunskaper. I detta arbete har vi beskrivit arbetsmetoder som lärare använder sig av i sin undervisning för att främja kommunikationen i klassrummet. Eftersom kommunikation är en central del i det sociokulturella perspektivet blir detta en lämplig teori att utgå ifrån. Motivation och språkligt självförtroende är grundpelare för att främja kommunikativ interaktion i undervisningen. Dessa komponenter är av betydelse för att lära ett nytt språk eftersom kommunikation gynnar andraspråksinlärning, där målet är att kunna tala det nya språket. I arbetet intervjuades fem lärare där det framkom att komponenter som motivation, språkligt självförtroende och val av arbetssätt är alla centrala för att främja kommunikation. Enligt lärarna är par- och grupparbete nödvändigt eftersom elever lär sig ett nytt språk genom interaktion. / The sociocultural perspective, this essay theory, approach of learning is that it develops in social contexts where communication is a central part. Learning takes place in interaction between individuals where, through support and guiding, one develops current knowledge. In this essay, we have described methods that teachers use in their teaching to encourage communication in the classroom. Because communication is a central part of the sociocultural perspective, it is therefore an appropriate theory to use. When establishing communicative interaction, motivation and linguistic self-confidence are among the pillars. These components are important when learning a new language because communication favors language learning, where the goal is to be able to speak the new language. In this essay, we interviewed five teachers where it emerged that components such as motivation, linguistic self-confidence and choice of methods are all central parts to encourage communication. According to the teachers, pair-and group work is necessary for students because in order to learn a new language, you need to interact.

A complex mix of community and government activities and policies address social welfare needs, and the balance of roles varies from country to country and sometimes community to community. Economic changes and other factors have led to the development of comprehensive welfare states in many countries, making national/federal governments significant players in social welfare planning and provision. Even with these structural changes, communities are still active in assessing and providing for their own members' needs, though in widely variable forms. Religious organizations are key players in providing for community social welfare needs, both congregations and faith-based organizations, as well as contributing to the national level policy discourse. To understand the role of congregations in social welfare provision, this project presents a case study of congregations in a small U.S. city (using qualitative interviews and other contextual data), a review of federal faith-based social welfare policy (from three administrations), and a discussion of the U.S. case in comparison to similarly constructed European case studies. The federal policy documents reflect an emphasis on communities as best placed to serve their own needs. The community interview data yielded themes focused on collaboration and structural ways congregations contributed to social welfare. Respondents generally voiced a similar position that community organizations have intimate knowledge of the community's needs and how to meet these. However, respondents (with a few exceptions) saw the work of community organizations as only possible within a larger government structure of regulation and funding. The constraints of program and funding guidelines that created a need for congregations to fill gaps, discussed by respondents, refers to the complex system of benefits designed to identify the deserving portion of those in need. The results of this project fit in a larger, international comparative analysis of social welfare and religion in western liberal democracies. Examining religion's participation in social welfare provision contributes to the understanding of religion's role in the public sphere as possible moral commentator, contributor to the common good, and identity legitimation.

This study consists of qualitative interviews with 8 graduate students about the use of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC), or instant message (IM), programs in their interpersonal relationships. Participants were interviewed twice, once via an instant message program and once in a face-to-face setting. They were asked about their frequency of use, their use of multi-tasking, and the types of conversations they have via IM. Results of the interviews are discussed, with a concentration on the paradoxical nature of IM communication as impersonal, but at the same time, conducive to personal disclosure and intimacy.