The issues of climate change continue to haunt planet earth as well as the human race. As humans we are aware of the problem, but are not yet ready to make the sacrifices needed for a conversion. There are several solutions for different environmental issues, where each and one of us humans share a responsibility to make a difference. Everyone on planet earth will be affected and will be left with shared or differentiated experiances. Women have shown to be more impacted by the consequences of climate change, and because of their experience they might be more fit for climate leadership. The aim of the survey is to determine whether the gender of the environmental minister is an explanatory variable for national environmental policy ambition. This is made through a quantitative research design, first in a bivariate regression and then a multiple regression. The multiple regression included variables consisting of economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, proportion of women in parliament and corruption. The results from the bivariate regression showed a positive relation between female environmental ministers and environmental policy ambition. The results from the multiple regression presents that there are indicators of a positive relation between the environmental minister's gender and environmental ambition. However the variables that showed to have the most impact on environmental ambition is economic growth and corruption. The results of this paper contribute to a field of political science which has not been studied before and therefore might make a difference for future environmental politics.

no / Diplomatic representation, both as a concept and in terms of its structures and processes, does not receive the attention that it deserves. Th is is surprising given that it forms a central concern for both analysts and practitioners of diplomacy, with the latter confronting multiple challenges in adapting modes of representation to changes in their international and domestic political environments. One facet of this can be identifi ed in responses to factors that have assumed a signifi cant place in the development of diplomacy — namely distance and proximity. To the growth of proximity in both spatial and issue-oriented terms, the challenge of the ‘special relationship’ is added in specifi c contexts. Both factors come together in the case of Canada’s attempts to manage its policies towards the United States. Here, strategies have moved through distinct phases responding to domestic and international changes. Th e latest phase, which is associated with substantial rethinking of the role and structure of Foreign Aff airs Canada, assumes the form of what has been labelled the Enhanced Representation Initiative (ERI). Th e ERI is interesting not only in the Canadian-US context, but because it reveals more general problems for governments seeking to manage the pressures of proximity and a growing number of relationships that assume aspects of ‘specialness.

The Dissertation is a two-part study of Shakespeare's Patterns and Themes in the Early Comedies. The First Part is concerned with the diversity of intellectual construction revealed by the plays seriatim. Chapter 1 focuses on the Quest Pattern in The Comedy of Errors, and its function in clarifying the play's thematic complications. Chapter 2 takes a close look at the Pattern of Classical Allusions in The Taming Of the Shrew. Chapter 3 examines four integrating structural elements in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, which contribute both individually and collectively to the total meaning of the play. Chapter 4 explores the Morality Pattern implanted in Love's Labour's Lost, behind the barrier of artifice which separates Navarre from the outside world. The Second Part centres on the plays' versatile thematic preoccupation. Chapter 5 discusses the Debate about Marriage in The Comedy of Errors, a play written at a time when the controversy over women and their position in marriage particularly, had reached its apogee. Chapter 6 examines The Taming of the Shrew as an academic drama set in Renaissance Italy, in which an experience of Education is provided for the benefit of its characters and audience alike. Chapter 7 analyses the literary theme of Alienation in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and shows how it is ultimately resolved in a state of social communion at the end of the play. Chapter 8 deals with the Religious Dimension in Love's Labour's Lost--the Christian view which emerges from the play and which is based on the teaching and imagery of Holy Scripture. The plays become more interesting when the link between their respective patterns and themes is probed. The associations of home enhanced by the journeys of the Errors bear a strong relationship to the male/female attitudes to domesticity and household stability. Similarly, the Shrew's wonders, achieved against all odds by Petruchio, are doubly stressed by the process of education. The pattern of reconciliations in The Two Gentlemen complements its theme by conquering the alienations. Likewise, the Morality element in Love's Labour's Lost overlaps the play's Christian connotations.

How do the Swedish police get represented in news media and how does that representation differentiate from other media channels where the police have full control over what is said? Through a discourse analysis of news texts and extracts from the police own webpage and Facebook page, we claim that the discourse in newspapers and the discourse on the webpage and Facebook page is pretty much the same, only packaged differently.

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Trois questions importantes se posent à l'élaboration de systèmes d'aide au diagnostic. Quels sont les éléments de la connaissance indispensables au diagnostic? Quelle forme doit prendre la représentation de la connaissance pour être facilement exploitée par l'ingénieur? Comment doit-on organiser ces éléments et quels sont les mécanismes de traitement impliqués qui facilitent l'adaptation du système informatique aux diverses installations rencontrées? C'est à ces questions que cette thèse s'adresse. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'élaborer un mode de représentation de la connaissance qui soit proche des formalismes et des modèles employés par l'ingénieur et qui puisse organiser la connaissance en entités correspondant aux éléments d'une installation à diagnostiquer. Cette représentation de la connaissance repose sur la notion de composante qui regroupe dans une entité les éléments de connaissance relatifs à cette composante. La composante procure la souplesse et rend explicite l'organisation fonctionnelle et structurelle des éléments physiques et conceptuels de l'installation. Chaque composante intègre la description des connaissances relatives aux entrées et sorties, aux paramètres internes, aux comportements, aux modèles de panne, aux fonctions et aux heuristiques de ces éléments. Pour faciliter l'exploitation de la représentation par l'ingénieur, le formalisme exprime les relations algébriques, qualitatives et descriptives des modèles utilisés par celui-ci. Pour ce faire, le formalisme combine les aspects algébriques de la connaissance avec la logique des prédicats, ce qui constitue un des aspects originaux de cette thèse. Ce lien avec la logique des prédicats apporte un support théorique qui met en relation la représentation avec celles présentées par d'autres auteurs du domaine. Cette thèse décrit le formalisme de la représentation et les mécanismes qui résolvent la dimension logique et la dimension algébrique de la connaissance représentée. Les mécanismes parcourent les liens définis entre les éléments de l'installation, tout en conservant les chemins d'inférences employés par ces mécanismes. Un prototype a été élaboré et plusieurs exemples sont résolus par celui-ci. [Résumé abrégé par UMI]

This thesis investigates the shift towards the use of forensic science in crime drama by combining an examination of the British national and historical contexts with a close textual analysis and content analysis of the three series of the CSI-franchise which were shown in Britain on the terrestrial broadcaster Five. The thesis describes how this shift occurred and draws attention to parallel developments towards a greater visibility of body traumas in medical dramas and documentaries which situates CSI in a tradition of programming. The analysis of the franchise highlights that CSI locates the truth about crime in a world a priori rather than in the statements of relatives and friends of victims and suspects. Furthermore, it allows viewers to participate in the multi-sensory experience of the investigation by engaging the viewer’s body physically. Truth, therefore, is conceptualised as much more certain and objective than in traditional crime drama. Despite similarities in the franchise, the detailed analysis reveals that there are differences in the series which arise out of their different incentives during the investigations. While CSI: Crime Scene Investigation celebrates the sciences by putting them at the centre of both the series’ narratives and its style, CSI: Miami uses the sciences in order to highlight the suffering of the victim. Finally, CSI: NY depicts the sciences as a means to overcome the trauma of crime and presents them as a work of mourning.

Roller derby is an emergent women’s sport; self-organized on a not-for-profit, do-it-yourself model it initially developed outside existing sports institutions and remains un-professionalized. Roller derby thus occupies an ambivalent position of gendered alterity in relation to a broader cultural field of sport, where women’s struggles for sporting legitimacy are well rehearsed in the literature. Existing research interprets roller derby as a unique context, particularly conducive to re-configurations of both gender and sport. Despite such uniqueness, research participants increasingly claim roller derby’s similarity to other sports practices, become concerned with its recognition as a ‘real, legitimate sport’ and orientate their practice towards getting taken seriously. I develop an ‘insider’ ethnographic account from analysis of five years of participant observation with one roller derby league of approximately 100 members, including 26 in-depth interviews and a collaborative film-making project. The thesis responds to a broad question, ‘how is getting taken seriously negotiated in practice?’ and analyses shifts in participants’ gendered self-representations, the bureaucratization of a 'by the skaters, for the skaters' organizational ethos, and the institution of competition. As participants work to diminish distinctions between roller derby and ‘sport’, they enact a set of related distinctions between; what the league used to be like and what it became; who roller derby is and is not by and for; and practices that are and are not condusive to serious recognition. As participants’ definitions of roller derby move away from ‘a sport for women who don’t like sport’ towards ‘a sport for people who really, really like sport’ a second over-arching question arises; in seeking serious recognition did the league eventually become what it once defined itself in opposition to? Concentrating on moments when participants’ claims for serious recognition refuse and rework the gendered terms of such intelligibility, I argue that a sociological analysis of seriousness is crucial to understanding such fateful dilemmas. Enactments of non-/seriousness enable skaters to create new organizational and representational praxis, identities, meanings and relations, as they negotiate the possibilities and limits of working together to make something relatively new. Non-/seriousness is how participants move between roller derby, sport and gender as inevitable, singular, certain and beyond their influence and yet malleable, contingent, multiple, ambivalent and created in their own actions. Four interludes, between chapters, reflect on non-/seriousness in ‘insider’ research. The interludes interrupt and expand upon the thesis’ central analytical contentions; that analyzing non-/seriousness both enhances and unsettles our understanding of familiar sociological preoccupations with gender, organization and mid-ranges of agency between dichotomies of voluntarism and determinism.

Advertising images have a history of being criticized for its manipulative character and negative portrayals of men and women. Previous studies have shown that advertising images have a distorting effect on society. There have been lively debates in Sweden the past years about gender equality and how stereotypical portrayals of men and women inhibit the progress towards an equal society. The purpose of this study was to examine how gender is constructed in Swedish advertising images published in Swedish newspapers today. The theoretical framework used in this study consists of former studies of stereotypic portrayals and theories of semiotics, gender and representation. To study signs present in the images a qualitative method and a semiotic perspective was used. The result showed that the studied images contained a lot of stereotypic portrayals of men and women. It was surprising to see such heavy use of stereotypes considering the awareness present in Swedish debates regarding negative portrayals of gender.

I studien har vi uppmärksammat att det råder bristande representation gällande mångfald i läseboksserien Småböcker Tessan och Marius Paket 1 och Småböcker Tessan och Marius Paket 2 författad av Tomsby & Wennberg och illustrerad av Mill (2016) för grundskolans tidigare år. Med hjälp av kvantitativ bildanalys och kvalitativ textanalys har vi analyserat hur och till vilken grad icke-rasifierade kontra rasifierade karaktärer kommer till uttryck i bilder och textavsnitt i läseboksserien. Resultatet visar att icke-rasifierade karaktärer får ett större utrymme i läseboksserien, både i bild och i text. Vidare visar den kvalitativa textanalysen att rasifierade karaktärer tilldelas en marginaliserad position gällande hur mycket utrymme de får i tal, tanke och aktion.