This work deals with finding out the opinions and experiences of children from the asylum house to addictive substances and mapping the occurrence of other risky forms of behavior. Another aim of this work was to investigate and describe the risk and protective factors involved in risk behavior. The starting point for this work is that many researches point to the occurrence of risk behaviors among children and adolescents, and to the growing number of single-parent children,often ending in shelters. The theoretical part deals with the description of the use of addictive substances and the occurrence of risk behavior in the school population, as well as explanation of terms such as risk behavior and risk and protective factors. In addition, the individual chapters in the Theory are dedicated to family, school, peers, social exclusion and asylum homes. The practical part describes the process of the survey itself. The research group consisted of three children aged between 9 and 11 in one asylum house, a case study. The research set was chosen by the method of deliberate institutional selection. Half-structured interviews were used in the research, which was subsequently analyzed by encoding, segmentation and categorization of data. There were eight categories that emerged from interviews with...

Esta tese apresenta um conjunto de estudos que investigaram a manifestação de comportamentos de risco na adolescência e as relações com variáveis de risco e proteção pessoais e contextuais. Engloba uma revisão sistemática de literatura, que identificou os comportamentos de risco mais investigados; um artigo que apresenta o processo de construção e análise do Índice de Comportamento de Risco (ICR); dois artigos empíricos construídos a partir do ICR; e um capítulo com o relato da experiência de devolução dos resultados da pesquisa em diferentes contextos. A versão final do ICR foi composta por 17 itens, que avaliam conjuntamente o uso de substâncias, comportamento sexual de risco, comportamento antissocial e comportamento suicida, com consistência interna satisfatória (α=0.84). Quanto aos estudos empíricos, um deles investigou o engajamento em comportamentos de risco e suas relações com fatores de risco e proteção, e o outro investigou longitudinalmente adolescentes que vivem em diferentes contextos: família, acolhimento institucional e instituições para cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Foi possível identificar que o comportamento de risco assume características diferenciadas conforme o contexto de inserção dos adolescentes, além de variações por idade e sexo, e que está associado com violência intra e extrafamiliar, eventos estressores, relações com a família, escola e religião, ter amigos próximos ou familiares que usam drogas e autoeficácia. Conclui-se que é preciso intervir minimizando fatores de risco e potencializando fatores de proteção, especialmente em grupos mais vulneráveis como adolescentes institucionalizados. / This thesis presents a set of studies that investigated the manifestation of risk behaviors in adolescence and the relationship among risk, personal protection and context variables. Encompasses a systematic literature review that identified risk behaviors investigated further; an article that presents the process of construction and analysis of Risk Behavior Index (RCI); two empirical articles built from the RCI; and a chapter with an experience report of returning the search results in different contexts. The final version of the RCI was composed of 17 items, which jointly assess substance use, risky sexual behavior, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior, with satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.84). About the empirical studies, one investigated the engagement in risky behaviors and their relationships with risk and protective factors, and the other investigated longitudinally adolescents living in different contexts: family, institutional care and institutions to abide educational measures. The study identified that the risk behavior takes different characteristics depending on the adolescents’ context, plus variations by age and sex. The risk behavior in adolescents is also associated with intra- and extra-family violence, stressful events, relationships with family, school and religion, have close friends or relatives who use drugs and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the study shows that an intervention is required to minimize risk factors and enhancing protective factors, especially in vulnerable groups such as institutionalized adolescents.

Relatively little is known regarding trait anxiety and its relationship with negative health risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in adults. This study aimed to examine whether negative health risk behaviors differ by sex and whether trait anxiety is associated with the negative health risk behaviors above and beyond sociodemographic factors and depression. Data used in the present study came from a published dataset from the Midlife in the United States 2 (MIDUS 2) study and include a sample of 1,054 adults whose age range from 34 to 84 years. There were significant sex differences in alcohol consumption, but not in physical inactivity. Age, sex, BMI, and depression were significantly associated with alcohol consumption or physical inactivity, whereas trait anxiety was not. These results suggest that sociodemographic variables and depression should be taken into consideration when studying negative health risk behaviors. / Det finns relativt lite kunskap om ångest och dess förhållande till negativa hälsobeteenden som alkoholkonsumtion och fysisk inaktivitet hos vuxna individer. Denna studie avsåg undersöka om negativa hälsobeteenden varierade beroende på kön och om ångest har en relation till negativa hälsobeteenden utöver sociodemografiska faktorer och depression. De data som användes i denna studie kommer från ett offentligt data-set från the Midlife in the United States 2-studien (MIDUS 2) som omfattar 1054 vuxna deltagare med en ålder mellan 34 och 84 år. Det påfanns signifikanta könsskillnader inom alkoholkonsumtion men inte inom fysisk inaktivitet. Variablerna ålder, kön, BMI och depression hade en signifikant koppling till alkoholkonsumtion och fysisk inaktivitet, men ett liknande samband kunde inte påfinnas mellan ångest och de två hälsobeteendena. Detta indikerar således att man bör studera sociodemografiska variabler och depression i relation till negativa hälsobeteenden då det verkar finnas en tydlig koppling.

Esta tese apresenta um conjunto de estudos que investigaram a manifestação de comportamentos de risco na adolescência e as relações com variáveis de risco e proteção pessoais e contextuais. Engloba uma revisão sistemática de literatura, que identificou os comportamentos de risco mais investigados; um artigo que apresenta o processo de construção e análise do Índice de Comportamento de Risco (ICR); dois artigos empíricos construídos a partir do ICR; e um capítulo com o relato da experiência de devolução dos resultados da pesquisa em diferentes contextos. A versão final do ICR foi composta por 17 itens, que avaliam conjuntamente o uso de substâncias, comportamento sexual de risco, comportamento antissocial e comportamento suicida, com consistência interna satisfatória (α=0.84). Quanto aos estudos empíricos, um deles investigou o engajamento em comportamentos de risco e suas relações com fatores de risco e proteção, e o outro investigou longitudinalmente adolescentes que vivem em diferentes contextos: família, acolhimento institucional e instituições para cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Foi possível identificar que o comportamento de risco assume características diferenciadas conforme o contexto de inserção dos adolescentes, além de variações por idade e sexo, e que está associado com violência intra e extrafamiliar, eventos estressores, relações com a família, escola e religião, ter amigos próximos ou familiares que usam drogas e autoeficácia. Conclui-se que é preciso intervir minimizando fatores de risco e potencializando fatores de proteção, especialmente em grupos mais vulneráveis como adolescentes institucionalizados. / This thesis presents a set of studies that investigated the manifestation of risk behaviors in adolescence and the relationship among risk, personal protection and context variables. Encompasses a systematic literature review that identified risk behaviors investigated further; an article that presents the process of construction and analysis of Risk Behavior Index (RCI); two empirical articles built from the RCI; and a chapter with an experience report of returning the search results in different contexts. The final version of the RCI was composed of 17 items, which jointly assess substance use, risky sexual behavior, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior, with satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.84). About the empirical studies, one investigated the engagement in risky behaviors and their relationships with risk and protective factors, and the other investigated longitudinally adolescents living in different contexts: family, institutional care and institutions to abide educational measures. The study identified that the risk behavior takes different characteristics depending on the adolescents’ context, plus variations by age and sex. The risk behavior in adolescents is also associated with intra- and extra-family violence, stressful events, relationships with family, school and religion, have close friends or relatives who use drugs and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the study shows that an intervention is required to minimize risk factors and enhancing protective factors, especially in vulnerable groups such as institutionalized adolescents.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-17T13:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosoaresdealmeida.pdf: 922917 bytes, checksum: 1d06a8a69bb99bd10cf83f470cd7c124 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T13:04:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosoaresdealmeida.pdf: 922917 bytes, checksum: 1d06a8a69bb99bd10cf83f470cd7c124 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosoaresdealmeida.pdf: 922917 bytes, checksum: 1d06a8a69bb99bd10cf83f470cd7c124 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-13 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Introdução: Os ambientes de lazer noturno têm sido considerados um potencial fator de risco para o uso de drogas e a adoção de comportamentos de risco como violências sexual e física, criminalidade e distúrbios na condução rodoviária. Objetivos: Identificar e descrever os hábitos recreativos e os comportamentos de risco de universitários que frequentam estes locais de lazer. Método: Aplicação de um questionário em uma amostra de estudantes da área da saúde da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e análise estatística básica dos dados. Resultados: Os acadêmicos apresentam hábitos recreativos noturnos significativos e positivam para o consumo de álcool e a adoção dos comportamentos de risco estudados, à exceção da violência física. Considerações finais: Os jovens frequentam ambientes noturnos para se divertirem adotando alguns dos comportamentos de risco estudados. / Introduction: The nightlife environments has been considered a potential risk factor for drug use and other risk behaviors related, like physical and/or sexual violence, criminality and problems in the road driving. Objectives: Investigate and describe the nightlife recreational habits and risk behaviors of college students from Federal University from Juiz de Fora. Methods: Applying of a self-responsive questionnaire and basic statistical analysis of the data. Results: The students have significant recreational habits, use alcohol and adopt the risk behaviors studied, with exception for physical violence. Final considerations: The young people attend nightlife recreational environments for having fun and, in short, they present a significant relationship with some of the risk behaviors studied.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T15:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Alves Guimarães - 2016.pdf: 4476558 bytes, checksum: 46bc5281f5c2ee7c26f5e3c06af53750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T15:54:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Alves Guimarães - 2016.pdf: 4476558 bytes, checksum: 46bc5281f5c2ee7c26f5e3c06af53750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T15:54:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Alves Guimarães - 2016.pdf: 4476558 bytes, checksum: 46bc5281f5c2ee7c26f5e3c06af53750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Crack users are at high risk for syphilis, due to multiple risk behaviors, such as inconsistent condom use, exchanging sex for money and/or drugs and multiple sexual partners. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis in institutionalized crack users in Goiânia, Goiás. Between 2012 and 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 600 users of a reference unit for chemical dependency treatment of Goiás. All participants were interviewed regarding socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for syphilis. Blood samples were then collected for the detection of anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were retested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). Active syphilis was considered when there was a positive ELISA result and VDRL titers ≥ 1:8. Of the 600 samples tested by ELISA, 13.8% (95% CI: 11.3 to 16.8%) were positive and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.1 to 6.5%) had titles VDRL ≥ 1:8. The prevalence of exposure to Treponema pallidum and active syphilis was three times greater in women than in men (p < .001). In multiple regression analysis, female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 3.73; p < .001), exchange sex for money and/or drugs (APR: 3.22; p = .040) and a history of genital ulcers (APR: 4.12; p = .010) were associated with active syphilis. Furthermore, it was observed that the prevalence of infection decreased by 12% for each year of formal study (APR: 0.88; p = .030). The results of this research show high prevalence of syphilis in the investigated crack users and indicate the need to implement strategies for prevention and control of this infection in these individuals, including health education activities, diagnosis of infection in clinical treatment for chemical dependency and treatment of positive cases. / Usuários de crack apresentam elevado risco para sífilis, devido aos múltiplos comportamentos de risco, como uso inconsistente do preservativo, troca de sexo por dinheiro e/ou drogas e múltiplas parcerias sexuais. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a epidemiologia da sífilis em usuários de crack institucionalizados em Goiânia, Goiás. Entre 2012 e 2013, um estudo de corte transversal foi conduzido em 600 usuários de uma unidade de referência em tratamento de dependência química de Goiás. Todos os participantes foram entrevistados sobre características sociodemograficas e comportamentos de risco para sífilis. A seguir, foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para detecção de anticorpos anti-Treponema pallidum pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). As amostras positivas foram retestadas pelo Venereal Disease Research Laboratory/Laboratório de Pesquisa de Doenças Venéreas (VDRL). Considerou-se sífilis ativa positividade no ELISA e títulos de VDRL ≥ 1:8. Das 600 amostras testadas pelo ELISA, 13,8% (IC 95%: 11,3-16,8%) foram positivas e 4,5% (IC 95%: 3,1- 6,5%) apresentaram títulos de VDRL ≥ 1:8. A prevalência de exposição ao Treponema pallidum e de sífilis ativa foi três vezes maior em mulheres do que em homens (p < 0,001). Em análise de regressão múltipla, sexo feminino (Razão de Prevalência Ajustada [RPaj]: 3,73; p < 0,001), troca de sexo por dinheiro e/ou drogas (RPaj: 3,22; p = 0,040) e antecedentes de úlceras genitais (RPaj: 4,12; p = 0,010) foram associados à sífilis ativa. Além disso, observou-se que a prevalência da infecção diminuiu 12% a cada ano de estudo formal (RPaj: 0,88; p = 0,030). Os resultados dessa investigação evidenciam elevada prevalência de sífilis nos usuários de crack investigados e indicam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção e controle dessa infecção nesses indivíduos, incluindo ações de educação em saúde, diagnóstico da infecção em clínicas de tratamento para dependência química e tratamento dos casos positivos.

En France, de 25000 à 30 000 personnes sont co-infectées par le VIH et le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC), avec des conséquences cliniques majeures. Des progrès importants ont été accomplis ces dernières années grâce au développement de nouveaux traitements contre le VHC, efficaces et très bien tolérés. En parallèle, le nombre de patients co-infectés a globalement baissé parmi les patients infectés par le VIH, mais de nouveaux groupes à risque de transmission du VHC sont apparus dans cette population, comme les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec d’autres hommes. Le vécu de la co-infection reste peu documenté. Cette thèse analyse les perceptions (qualité de vie, impact fonctionnel de la fatigue) et les comportements (sexuels, addictifs) des patients co-infectés, en lien avec l’évolution de leurs paramètres cliniques, et évalue comment utiliser ces données pour améliorer la prise en charge de la co-infection et mieux cibler les actions de prévention de la transmission du VHC. / Between 25,000 and 30,000 people are co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in France, with major clinical repercussions. Major therapeutic advances have been made in recent years thanks to the development of direct-acting antivirals for HCV treatment, with very good efficacy and safety profiles. In the same time, while the number of co-infected patients has globally decreased among HIV-infected patients, new groups at risk of HCV transmission have emerged in this population, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Co-infected patients’ day-to-day experience with the disease remains poorly documented. In this work, we analyze the perceptions (quality of life, functional impact of fatigue) and behaviors (sexual risk behaviors, addictive behaviors) of co-infected patients and their relationships with clinical parameters, and we try to determine to what extent such data can be used to improve the management of co-infection and to better target HCV prevention actions.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es correlacionar las conductas de riesgo y representación de estilos de apego en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 177 escolares cuyas edades oscilan entre 12 y 17 años. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Cuestionario de Evaluación Cognitiva de Eventos de Riesgo (Fromme, Katz & Rivet, 1997) y la Versión Reducida del Cuestionario CaMir para la evaluación del apego adaptado a Perú (Valenzuela, 2014). Los resultados indican que se ha encontrado una correlación inversa, baja y significativa entre Seguridad: Disponibilidad y apoyo de figuras de apego con Conductas agresivas (r = -.189, p < .05), Conductas académicas irresponsables (r = -.199, p < .05) y Conductas sexuales de riesgo (r = -.149, p < .05). / The purpose of this work was to correlate risk behaviors with the representative attachment styles among adolescents in a school in Lima. Participants were 177 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 17 years. Two instruments were used to measure the variables: the CaMir-R (Valenzuela, 2014) and the CARE (Fromme, Katz & Rivet, 1997). The results showed that there is an inverse, low and significant correlation between Safety: Availability and attachment figure supports with Aggressive behaviors (r = -.189, p < .05), Irresponsible academic behaviors (r = -.199, p < .05) and Risky Sexual Behaviors (r = -.149, p < .05). On the other hand, there were significant, direct and low correlation between the factors. / Tesis

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between previously experienced bullying with students’ current risk behaviors. The participants were 341 university students in Sweden and the data were collected with a web-based survey. The results showed that students with high experiences of previous bullying were less satisfied with their lives today than students with low experiences of bullying. In addition, male students who experienced bullying in childhood had higher levels of risk behaviors today, whereas female students who experienced bullying in adolescence had higher levels of risk behaviors today. This could be discussed by the fact that relational bullying, which is more common among females, occurs the most in adolescence, while physical bullying, which is more common among males, occurs mostly in childhood. Future research should control for sensation seeking and risk behaviors in adolescence, as well as the effects of cyberbullying. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka relationen mellan tidigare upplevd mobbning och studenters riskbeteenden idag. Deltagarna bestod av 341 universitetsstudenter i Sverige och datainsamlingen genomfördes via en webbaserad enkät. Resultatet visade att studenter som tidigare hade upplevt högre nivåer av mobbning var mindre nöjda med sina liv idag jämfört med studenter som hade upplevt lägre nivåer av mobbning. Dessutom hade manliga studenter som hade upplevt mobbning i barndomen högre riskbeteenden idag, medan kvinnliga studenter som hade upplevt mobbning i tonåren hade högre riskbeteenden idag. Detta kan diskuteras genom att indirekt mobbning, som är vanligare hos kvinnor, oftast uppstår under tonåren, medan fysisk mobbning, som är vanligare hos män, oftast uppstår under barndomen. Framtida forskning borde kontrollera för sensationssökande och riskbeteenden i tonåren, samt effekterna av nätmobbning.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Adolescence is a time of turbulence as young people stretch parental boundaries, seeking where they fit in society. For many American Indian adolescents this time involves the initiation of dangerous high-risk behaviors. Potential causes posed for this are: loss of identity, loss of cultural values and traditions, lack of positive role modeling and feelings of hopelessness. Survey research has been the predominant method of data collection. Very few studies of Native American youth use storytelling, even though stories are a part of many Indian cultures. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the phenomena of respect and risk from the viewpoint of the Lakota adolescent. I employed hermeneutic phenomenology with photography to help the adolescents illuminate these somewhat abstract concepts. I recruited participants from a single reservation on the Northern Plains. I collected data through non-structured interviews and participant observation. I analyzed the data using hermeneutic phenomenology based on Gadamer. Ecological systems theory provided a framework to assist me in understanding the multiple dimensions present in the adolescent’s stories. The phenomena of respect and risk from the perspective of these Lakota adolescents revealed a paradox. Each can be either positive or negative, depending upon the circumstances or the context of the situation. This paradox became the pattern among the participants. The pattern is the rock (inyan) and the wind (tate). The rock and the wind are deeply interconnected, and the influence of one may impact the other. Three themes emerged from this pattern: role modeling (positive or negative), identity, and feeling valued. These themes are consistent with current research regarding adolescent high-risk behaviors. These stories are significant in that they are personal accounts by these adolescents. This study has implications in nursing education, nursing practice, and health policy. Nursing education must attend to teaching students to listen and to become comfortable working with other cultures. As nurses advocate for future programming, it is essential that the research that guides the policies and programming be community-based action research. As society becomes more diverse, nursing must embrace many perspectives, helping all to achieve the highest quality of health and well-being.