The development of globalization and internationalization, increasement of mobility of dwellers, economic growth and other factors lead to the formation recreational system in Lithuania. Nowadays recreation becomes especially significant, this is the reason why researches of theoretical and practical aspects of quality management are important nowadays. The object of this work is the complex of educational and organanizational peculiarities of “Alytus sports and recreation centre”. As a consequence, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the services of recreational centres from consumer’s point of view. The tasks of this paper have supposed the relevant structure of this work: initially, the reader is primed about the concept, essence, functions and types of recreation; after that the analysis of methodological peculiarities of managing recreational activity is accomplished; furthermore the most relevant competencies of public organization “Alytus sports and recreation centre” activity are evaluated; at last, a survey of services provided by public organization “Alytus sports and recreation centre” is accomplished. The analysis of scientifical literature lets to make a statement that the concept and content of recreational activity is quite familiarly formed in lithuanian and foreign informational resources; it makes the process of activity structurization not so complexed. Seeking to confirm scientifical decisions, a survey was accomplished. This survey has presented... [to full text]

Rekreacija – sudėtingas procesas, kuriame tiesiogiai dalyvauja žmogus, siekiantis atgauti fizines jėgas, psichologinę pusiausvyrą, dvasinę emocinę būseną, siekiantis jausti pasitenkinimą, tam tikslui tinkamoje, pritaikytoje, sukurtoje ar specialiai pasirinktoje aplinkoje. Rekreacija – tai ir asmenybės ugdymas. Rinkos pokyčiai, globalizacijos procesai sparčiai besivystančioje visuomenėje lemia, jog vaikui, jo interesų supratimui tenka vis mažiau dėmesio. Nors šeima yra esminis visuomenės elementas ir jai tenka pirminė atsakomybė už vaikų apsaugą, auklėjimą ir vystimąsi, tačiau šeima mūsų šalyje viena nepajėgi sukurti vaikui harmoningų socializacijos sąlygų. Esant tokiai realybei, labai svarbus kitas vaiko socializacijos instituto – mokyklos vaidmuo. Šiame darbe ir bus analizuojama, kokie yra III-IV-tų klasių mokinių rekreacinės veiklos poreikiai ir kaip jie tenkinami, kokie yra laisvalaikio organizavimo ypatumai. Darbo uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti, kaip organizuojamas mokinių laisvalaikis III – IV – klasėse; nustatyti, kiek esamas laisvalaikio organizavimas tenkina III – IV – klasių moksleivius; aptarti, kokių laisvalaikio veiklų pageidautų mokiniai ir jų tėvai; išstudijuoti III – IV – klasių moksleivių, jų tėvų ir mokytojų patirtį, apibūdinant laisvalaikio organizavimo edukacinius ir socialinius aspektus. Darbo hipotezė: šiuolaikinėje mokykloje per mažai rūpinamasi moksleivių laisvalaikio organizavimu, tai yra priemone, skatinančia spartesnį mokinių socializacijos procesą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Recreation is a complex process in which a person takes part directly. A person seeks to regain his/her physical strength, psychological balance and state of mind also he/she seeks to feel a satisfaction in surroundings which is readjusted or specially chosen for the recreation purpose. Recreation is also the upbringing of personality. The disregard for child’s interests in a quickly developing society is conditioned by the alterations of market and processes of globalisation. Although, a family is an essential element of society and it gets primary responsibility for children protection, education and developing in our country the family is not able to create harmonious conditions of socialization for a child. Consequently on this understanding, the role of school which is another institution of child socialization is very important. The purpose of this work is to ascertain the peculiarities of organisation the recreation activities in III-IV forms. The tasks of work are following: to ascertain how is the recreation activity organised in III-IV forms; to estimate on what level the present organisation of recreation activity satisfies pupils from III-IV forms; to discuss what recreation activity do pupils and their parents want; to study the experience of pupils from III-IV forms, their parents and teachers and at the same time to define the peculiarities of organization the recreational activities. There was given the following hypothesis: in a modern school there is... [to full text]

abstract: Use of off-highway vehicles (OHV) in natural landscapes is a popular outdoor activity around the world. Rapid-growing OHV activity causes impacts on vegetation and land cover within these landscapes and can be an important factor in land degradation and ecosystem change. The Algodones Dunes in southeastern California is one of the largest inland sand dune complexes in the United States and hosts many endangered species. This study examines changes in land cover and OHV activity within two OHV active sites in comparison to an adjoined protected area. The study also investigates potential associations between land cover changes, climate trends, and OHV activity over recent decades. Time-series analysis was used to investigate the spatial-temporal changes and trends in the land cover in the Algodones Dunes from 2001 to 2016. In addition, high-resolution aerial photographs were analyzed to determine spatial patterns of OHV usage in comparison to visitor estimation collected by the Bureau of Land Management and observed changes in land cover composition between the control site and OHVs areas. A decreasing trend in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over time indicates a decline in the amount of vegetation cover, which corresponds with an increasing trend in albedo and land surface temperature. Results also show a substantial difference in land cover between the control site and OHVs areas, which typically have a lower amount of vegetation cover, higher exposed sand surface, and increased anthropogenic features. Both climatic variations and OHV activity are statistically associated with land cover change in the dune field, although distinct causal mechanisms for the observed declines in vegetation cover could not be separated. The persistence of drought could inhibit vegetation growth and germination that, in turn, would hinder vegetation recovery in OHV areas. Meanwhile, repeated OHV driving has direct physical impacts on vegetation and landscape morphology, such as canopy destruction, root exposure, and increased aeolian sand transport. Active ecosystem protection and restoration is recommended to mitigate the response of declining vegetation cover and habitat loss to the impacts of OHV activity and climatic variability and allow natural recovery of re-establishement of nebkha dune ecosystems in the Algodones Dunes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Geography 2018

Se investigan los procesos de transformación de la caza en España desde el Antiguo Régimen al siglo XX, pasando de recurso complementario para las economías rurales a destacable actividad recreativa. Se analizan las características de la caza antes del siglo XIX: diferencia caza aristocrática y plebeya, doble consideración de los animales salvajes (útiles y dañinos). Se estudia la redefinición de la caza durante el siglo XIX: lucha por la propiedad del recurso, paso del cazador de oficio al "sportman", nacimiento del asociacionismo, inicio de la protección de los animales y permanencia del control rural de las "alimañas". Se demuestra la consolidación de la caza como deporte urbano en el siglo XX: transformaciones legales y administrativas, mutación del tipo de cazador, estatalización del asociacionismo, diferente consideración de los animales dañinos y repoblaciones cinegéticas. Todo para colmar aspiraciones y necesidades de una población urbana progresivamente masificada y alejada de la naturaleza. / The hunting change processes in Spain from the Ancient Regime to the XXth century had been analyzed from perspective of purpose transformation: first like a complementary resource for rural economies and after a important leisure activity.The hunting characteristics before XIXth century are analyzed in a double consideration; aristocratic and plebeian hunt, underlying the double thought that wild animals deserve (useful and harmful). This century includes the redefinition of the game, the conflict for the property of the resource, the steps from the professional huntsman to the "sportman", the beginning of the associationism, the start of wildlife protectionism and the persistence of the rural control of the vermin.This processes led to the consolidation of the game as XXth century urban sport gradually kept away from Nature. There was legal and administrative changes and so the type of hunter. The associationism was controlled by the Spanish State, the vermin is different considered and the hunting is restocking.

Kayaking is a watersport activity that involves paddling performed within leisure purposes. Although kayaking provides pleasure to the practitioners, there are some adverse environmental issues concerning the site used to perform kayaking due to the equipment. This paper identifies and analyzes the lifecycle stages in which negative environmental impacts are generated. Melker of Sweden is an outdoor company specialized in delivering high-quality kayaks. This study aims to present an overview of the current environmental performance of Melker of Sweden’s kayaks. For this purpose, two environmental assessment tools are applied: material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) results show that the transport of material to the manufacturing unit generates a considerable amount of emissions. Additionally, hull manufacturing and assembling accessories were found to be the least resource-efficient operation among all. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results identify the transport of material and the manufacturing phase as the primary sources responsible for environmental impacts. On the one hand, the use of epoxy resin and gel coat is the root cause of high contribution of the manufacturing phase. On the other hand, the use of flax fiber found to be the least contributing material to adverse environmental impacts. This report also presents a list of recommendations regarding the import of material, the efficacy of the manufacturing operations, the type of raw material, and waste treatment alternatives. / Fysisk aktivitet kan innefatta olika fritidsaktiviteter, däribland friluftsliv. Kajakpaddling är en sådan friluftslivaktivitet, alltefter utövares syfte. I denna rapport är kajakpaddling en fritidsaktivitet där där utövarens naturupplevelse främjas. Oaktat fördelarna vid utövandet av denna aktivitet kan ej förbises faktum att det också kan medföras vissa negativa konsekvenser. Denna masteruppsats har som mål att identifiera och analysera den miljöpåverkan och dennes efterspel som orsakats av en kajaks tillverkning. Melker of Sweden är ett utomhusföretag specialiserat på att leverera kajaker av hög kvalitet. I linje med företagets vision syftar denna studie till att undersöka den nuvarande miljöprestandan samt kvantifiera den potentiella miljöpåverkan från en kajaks livscykel. För detta ändamål tillämpas det två miljöbedömningsverktyg, nämligen en materialflödesanalys och livscykelanalys. Materialflödesanalysen visar att mängden av utsläpp som genereras från transporten av material till tillverkningsenheten är enorm. Utöver detta var den hulltillverkning samt den montering av tillbehörsverksamheter bland de minst resurseffektiva tillverkningssteg. Livscykelanalysen identifierar import av material och tillverkningsfas som de viktigaste källorna till miljöpåverkan. Å ena sidan är användningen av epoxiharts och gelbeläggning i tillverkningen grundorsaken till huvudbidraget. Å andra sidan är användningen av linfiber det minst bidragande material då det gäller negativa miljöeffekter. I denna studie ges rekommendationer rörande import av vissa material och materialval, sätt att öka tillverkningseffektiviteten, typ av råmaterial samt avfallsbehandlingsalternativ.

Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)