Women who live in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside experience some of the most devastating health problems among residents of British Columbia. While crack cocaine use has been associated with many of these problems, we lack an understanding of how women who use crack cocaine experience these health problems and what they do to manage them. Informed by tenets of intersectionality and social geography, a critical ethnographic approach was used to examine the scope of health concerns experienced by women who are street-involved and use crack cocaine, the strategies they used to manage their health, and the social, economic, political, personal, and historical contexts that influenced these experiences. Data were collected over a seventeen month period and included a cross sectional survey (n=126), participant observations, and interviews (n=53). The women described experiencing poor physical and mental health throughout their lives; many of which were preventable. Respiratory problems, anxiety, sadness and insomnia were the most frequent concerns reported. They endured severe economic deprivation, unstable and unsanitary housing, and relentless violence and public scrutiny across a variety of contexts including their homes and on the street. These experiences were further influenced by structural and interpersonal relations of power operating within the health care, legal, and welfare systems. The women engaged in a several strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of factors that influenced their health including: (a) managing limited financial resources; (b) negotiating the health care system; (c) managing substance use; and (d) managing on your own. These strategies were influenced by the types of concerns experienced, perceptions of their most pressing concern, the nature of interpersonal relations with health care providers, and the limited social and economic resources available. Changes in the organizational policies and practices of the welfare, legal, and health care systems are needed to improve women’s health. Possible strategies include increased access to welfare and safe, affordable housing, safer alternatives to income, and improved collaboration between illness prevention and law enforcement programming. New approaches are required that build on women’s considerable strengths and are sensitive to ways in which gender, race, and class can disrupt opportunities to access services. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

This research explores the implications of the practice of collaborative professional enquiry on professional re-formation and development. A series of case studies focuses on four aspiring Chartered Teachers as they lead collaborative enquiries in two schools. The case studies take account of the experiences of the teachers in the collaborative groups, as well as the managers in both schools. Using a Foucauldian theoretical framework, relations of power between all participants are explored. This reveals that active positioning is in operation. The Chartered Teachers are positioned in an ‘in-between’ space: neither teacher nor manager, and this appears to have allowed them to construct and negotiate new possibilities, contributing to their developing professional identities. While this challenged the established hierarchies in schools, the teachers reported that undertaking collaborative professional enquiry under the leadership of the Chartered Teachers, benefitted themselves and their pupils, appearing to offer opportunities to demonstrate an active professionalism which was in contrast to the expectations of their managers. The findings raise several issues for consideration by the profession. These include a recommendation that collaborative professional enquiry is encouraged as a core pedagogical resource. The research also highlights the need for policy makers to take account of the way power is exercised in and on schools when developing new policies and evaluating the success of current ones. It is argued that genuine and open dialogue is necessary and it is recommended that the national CPD framework should reconsider the current practice of supporting distinctive pathways within the profession.

This study aims to examine play as a phenomena from a phenomenological approach. This I do by discussing a dominant approach to play, an perspective which is reproduced in the context of pre-school and in where the play and learning is in single focus. Using alternative perspective on play, mainly by Gadamer and Bakthtins philosophical thoughts about the feast or the carnival, contents differ significantly from educational or developmental psychology perspectives. I open up for an understanding of what play as ontology can be understood as, and thereby enable second readings. I illustrate this thought by an empirical example from a pre-school context which where created alongside with the children in the study. Thesis that has inspired the methodology and the empirical approach includes a feminist research tradition where power analysis and critical theory of science usually has been the main focus.

Diplomarbeit - Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2953248 bytes, checksum: c4f7358ccd39eb2ee847a1bf289023bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-05 / The debate on empowerment of gender perspective has emerged as an important issue in the field of public policy. This thesis aims to analyze the dimensions of empowerment achieved by women in rural communities in the municipality of Barbacena-MG, from participation in public policy from the federal government, Program Food Acquisition (PAA). The issue in this research undertaken by PAA related recognition of the condition of women farmers, registered with the commercial practices established by this policy, for with it, investigate whether the PAA promotes the empowerment of women in the public and private sectors, and reflect and analyze the contribution of public policy in the processes of change in the relations between women and men in rural communities, where the dimensions of these changes without losing considering the peculiarities of that city, with its historical origin founded during the empire of Brazil, whose legacy patriarchal brand till today social relations, reinforcing gender inequalities. The research came from two hypotheses: H 1 - Participation of women socialized in a rural society, marked by a political culture with centralized command power, would result in the slow transformation of his posture of submission and passivity, even through their participation in trading activities and public recognition of its status as a producer and H 2 - The possibilities of empowering women farmers would be related to social opportunities such as business education, health, and economic participation. Thus, the PAA would constitute a form of public and private empowerment for women who participated in it, due to the expansion of their economic autonomy and greater control of their citizenship status. The research was conducted through a survey with semi-structured interviews with open and closed questions, and questionnaires: IQ for the 67 farmers; Q II for the 32 farmers and Q III for a 5 extension. The surveyed data were analyzed statistically via software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The hypothesis of this dissertation I was proven, once we identified the strength of patriarchal culture, the work of farmers surveyed viewed as aid and not work, and they do not have any control or access to funds, from the sale of its products. The hypothesis was refuted II since the analysis of the prospects of public empowerment showed that this was not achieved by the farmers surveyed barbacenenses. / O debate do empoderamento na perspectiva do gênero emergiu como um tema relevante no campo das políticas públicas. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as dimensões do empoderamento alcançadas pelas mulheres das comunidades rurais do município de Barbacena-MG, a partir da participação na política pública do governo federal, Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (PAA). A problemática empreendida nesta pesquisa relacionou o reconhecimento pelo PAA da condição de mulher agricultora, cadastrada, com as práticas mercantis instituídas por esta política pública, para com isto, investigar se o PAA favorece o empoderamento da mulher no âmbito público e privado, além de refletir e analisar a contribuição desta política pública nos processos de mudança nas relações entre mulheres e homens das comunidades rurais, quais as dimensões destas mudanças, sem perder de vistas as peculiaridades do citado município, com sua origem histórica fundada no período do Brasil império, cujo legado patriarcal marca até os tempos atuais as relações sociais, reforçando as desigualdades de gênero. A pesquisa partiu de duas hipóteses: H 1 A participação da mulher socializada em uma sociedade rural, marcada por uma cultura política com poder de mando centralizado, traria como consequência a lenta transformação da sua postura de submissão e passividade, mesmo mediante a sua participação em atividades de negociação e reconhecimento público da sua condição de produtora e a H 2 - As possibilidades de empoderamento da mulher agricultora estariam relacionadas às oportunidades sociais, como serviços de educação, saúde, e participação econômica. Assim, o PAA se constituiria em uma forma de empoderamento público e privado para as mulheres que dele participavam, em virtude da ampliação da sua autonomia econômica e do maior domínio da sua condição de cidadã. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um survey, com entrevistas semiestruturados, com questões abertas e fechadas, sendo os questionários: Q I destinado a 67 agricultoras; Q II destinado a 32 agricultores e Q III destinado a 5 extensionistas. Os dados pesquisados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico via software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A hipótese I desta dissertação foi comprovada, uma vez que foi identificada a resistência da cultura patriarcal, no trabalho das agricultoras pesquisadas vistos como ajuda e não trabalho, além de estas não possuírem nenhum controle ou mesmo acesso aos recursos financeiros, oriundos da comercialização dos seus produtos. A hipótese II foi refutada uma vez que as análises das perspectivas do empoderamento público apontaram que este não foi alcançado, pelas agricultoras barbacenenses pesquisadas.

As an effect of the neoliberalist development, the public sector has outsourced the provision of some public services to the private and the third sector. This has led to the expansion of the latter, and a more central position of the actors related to it; among them the social entrepreneur. A social entrepreneur has the objective of creating social impact, while adopting a more business-like approach. This is often a way of achieving financial sustainability or competitive advantage.The aim of this thesis is twofold; first of all, to explore the concept of social entrepreneurship, what it entails and how it is applied. Secondly, it is viewed from the more concrete perspective of the role of a social entrepreneur. In order to operationalise the research, the role of a social entrepreneur is contemplated on in relation to one specific actor, namely Stadsbruk. They are an incubator for commercial urban farmers, with ambition of creating social impact on several levels. The discussion treats how they, as a social entrepreneurial actor, stand in relation to the public sector, the power structure it creates and their position in the urban context, primarily concerning aspects of space and power.The findings of this study indicate that there needs to be a balance between entrepreneurial ambitions and objectives of creating a social impact for an actor to qualify as a social entrepreneur. As the field of research on social entrepreneurship is in a pre-paradigmatic state, it is reasonable to expect that the concept will be more clearly defined if or when the paradigm is set. Moreover, theories on narratives shaping the paradigm of social entrepreneurship suggest that there are different trajectories. However, one might also consider re-evaluating the concept of a traditional entrepreneur; the social entrepreneur could simply be a more holistic approach to entrepreneurship in general. Finally, the activities of a social entrepreneur are often related to that of the public sector. The results of the research imply a power structure, in which the social entrepreneur (in the case of this study Stadsbruk) are subordinate the public sector, due to structures of dependency, etc. This also relates to Massey’s theory on power relations in connection to space; power-geometry. An actor like Stadsbruk are positioned in the urban context, in which to struggles and relations of power and aspects of space are inevitable.

The following essay analyzes Marvel blockbuster Black Panther with an intersectional lens, discussing relations of power, oppression and discrimination through the fictive society of Wakanda. The findings present similar factors of intersectionality to that of most western societies, with gender, sexuality, aptitude and tribal affiliations as the main factors of identity. The essay argues for the inclusion of culturally loaded films in the EFL classroom, with the intention of introducing students to intersectionality through a fictive society, in an effort to promote better understanding of relations of power, oppression and discrimination, whilst also including education on different types of language usage

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Meira de Castro.pdf: 968354 bytes, checksum: efc12339e49fe6013a418d2e3fee45c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work on fear and relations of power is a bibliographical research and a theoretical approach to how fear can be used as an instrument of social control. All the reflection about fear and its possible uses as an instrument of social control is made from the synthesis of Vygotsky in his studies on the theory of emotions. For him, emotion, and therefore, fear is not a simple natural and instinctive survival strength, but also a higher psychological function that constitutes itself on a mediation between person and society, thus a complex synthesis of multiple determinations. After a very brief history of the fears that have plagued, and continues to plague, the human race, some situations in which fear is used as one of the forms of power in relationships are presented, from biblical scriptures and indigenous legends to the 21th century establishment of massive frightening news announcements, through the relations of power within families, schools and the labor s world. Also, we discuss the possible consequences of this culture of fear as an expansion of armed conflicts, social hygienism, as well as the increase in related diseases to that phenomenon, the perpetuation of disciplinary forms of education and how some sectors of society profits from these fears. Finally, a reflection on how we can overcome these relationships, and if this is possible within a class society / A presente dissertação sobre medo e relações de poder é pesquisa bibliográfica e reflexão teórica sobre como o medo pode ser utilizado como instrumento de controle social. Toda a reflexão sobre medo e seu possível uso como instrumento de controle social é feita a partir da síntese que Vigotski faz em seus estudos sobre a teoria das emoções, na qual a emoção e, por conseguinte, o medo não são uma simples força natural e instintiva de sobrevivência, mas também, uma função psicológica superior que se constitui na mediação entre indivíduo e sociedade, portanto complexa, em transformação e síntese de múltiplas determinações. Após traçar uma breve história dos medos que afligiram, e continuam a afligir, o gênero humano, são apresentadas diversas situações nas quais o medo é utilizado como uma das formas de poder nas relações, desde textos bíblicos e lendas indígenas à veiculação massiva de notícias amedrontadoras do século XXI, passando pelas relações de poder dentro das famílias, escolas e no mundo do trabalho. A partir disso, discute possíveis consequências dessa cultura do medo como, uma expansão de conflitos armados, higienismo social, aumento de doenças relacionadas a esses fenômenos, a perpetuação das formas disciplinares na educação e como alguns setores da sociedade lucram com esses medos. Faz uma reflexão sobre como podemos superar essas relações e se isso é possível numa sociedade de classes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Ramos Sales.pdf: 1449801 bytes, checksum: f2dcfa07e71065d9b34dad13acf19001 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is part of the concerns about racism forms and the historical resistance of the black population, to fighting against this phenomenon allows us to understand and formulate one of black identities in Brazil. To this end, the relations of power established between the different ethnic groups set up one of the strands to this analysis proposed by this work. We seek to understand the demonstrations and dissemination of black thought, the early twentieth century, through one of the instruments of this group, the Imprensa Negra Paulista. From our analysis, we identified two inherent aspects in the project of this press release: education and the fight against racism. However, the concept of education that black leadership, which was formed from the black press, demonstrated to be wide, while defending schooling at certain times, has generated non schooled actions that promoted equal education in others. It was precisely this expanded vision of education that allowed promote the combat against racism using the same weapon of the white people: the education. It is from these two aspects of the Imprensa Negra Paulista project that this work aims to contribute to the studies about race and ethnic issues of combating racism by black population / A presente dissertação faz parte das inquietações em relação às formas de racismo e a resistência histórica da população negra que, ao combater tal fenômeno, nos permite compreender e formular uma das identidades negras no Brasil. Para tal, as relações de poder estabelecidas entre os diferentes grupos étnicos configura uma das vertentes para a análise proposta por este trabalho. Buscamos compreender as manifestações e divulgação do pensamento negro, do início do século XX, através de um dos instrumentos deste agrupamento, a Imprensa Negra Paulista. A partir de nossa análise, identificamos dois aspectos intrínsecos no projeto desta imprensa: a educação e o combate ao racismo. No entanto, a concepção de educação dessa liderança negra, que formou-se a partir da imprensa negra, mostrou-se ampla, ao mesmo tempo que defendia a escolarização em determinados momentos, gerava ações não escolarizadas que promoviam igual educação em outros. Foi justamente essa concepção ampliada de educação que permitiu promover um combate ao racismo utilizando-se da mesma arma dos brancos: a instrução. É a partir destes dois aspectos do projeto da Imprensa Negra Paulista que este trabalho pretende contribuir com os estudos acerca das questões étnico raciais e do combate ao racismo pela população negra

This thesis deals with main principles and goals of Nigerian foreign policy, their evolution - success and failures, during the 50 year's existence of independent Nigeria. First chapter determinates the principles and goals, which more or less apply for each and every Nigerian government, militaristic and civil as well. Remaining three chapters describe and analyze the development of Nigeria's external relations in the three contexts of Nigeria's international interaction: domestic, regional and external.