Utvecklingen av digitaliseringen har resulterat i att pappersbaserade kontanter har effektiviserats till bankkort och internetbetalningar, vilket har möjliggjort att utförandet av bankärende kan göras dygnet runt och varsomhelst. Till följd av utvecklingen har den traditionella fysiska bankrelationen begränsats och övergått till en mer digital relation. Dessutom har den pågående pandemin påskyndat digitaliseringen och skapat ett nytt normalläge för bankverksamheten där en digital relation har blivit allt mer centrerad. Det har resulterat i att digitaliseringen idag inte längre är frivilligt utan ett mer framtvingat beteende. Därav är det viktigt att kvalitén i den digitala relationen tillgodoses för att bankerna ska bibehålla långvariga relationer. För att undersöka kvalitén i den digitala relationen utgår studien från relationskvalitet tillsammans med tre påverkande faktorer såsom engagemang, förtroende och tillfredsställelse. Till skillnad från tidigare forskning kommer studien att tillämpa relationskvalitet i en digital kontext, vilket gör att studien använder en annan form av empiri. Studien har valt att undersöka SME-bankrelationer eftersom de är en stor och viktig kundkrets och det är därför intressant att undersöka hur SME upplever kvalitén i den digitala relationen med banken idag.   Studiens metod baseras på en positivistisk filosofi med en deduktiv forskningsansats där befintliga teorier utgör studiens teoretiska referensram. En kvantitativ forskningsmetod har tillämpats för att samla in studiens empiriska data genom en internetenkät. Därefter utfördes en analys av studiens resultat som är baserat på svar från 176 respondenter, där resultatet påvisar att förtroende och tillfredsställelse påverkar kvalitén i den digitala SME-bankrelationen. / The development of the digitalization has resulted in a change from paper-based cash to card and internet payments. This change has made it possible to execute bank related activates all hours of the day and can be performed anywhere. As a result, the physical bank relations are limited and replaced by digital solutions. The on-going pandemic has accelerated the digitalization further, where the digital environment is the new normal. As a result, digitalization today is no longer voluntary but instead a more forced behavior. In order for the banks to retain long term customer relationships, it is critical that the quality is fulfilled despite the digital interactions. To investigate the quality of digital relations within banking, this study examines the quality of the relations together with three influential factors: engagement, trust and satisfaction. Unlike earlier research within this field, this study will apply the quality of the relations in a digital context, which results in an alternative empirical focus. The study investigates SME- bank relations since that is a large and important customer group. Therefore, it is of great interest to examine how SME experience the quality of digital solutions within banks. The method of this study is based on a positivistic philosophy with a deductive approach where the theoretical framework is based on previous research. A quantitative research method is applied to collect the empirical data through internet-based surveys. The result of the study was analyzed based on the answer from 176 respondents. The result shows that trust and satisfaction effects the quality of digital relations between banks and SME.

With the development of technology, the speed of social media development is getting fasterand faster. The relationship between the company and its customers is getting closer.Company profits are increasingly affected by the quality of the relationship betweencustomers and the company. Therefore, relationship quality has become a key research topicfor the company. The interaction of social media will affect the quality of the relationshipbetween the company and its customers to a certain extent. This study examines therelationship between the quality of the relationship between the company and its customersand their interactions on social media. In addition, this research also examines commitment,trust, satisfaction, responsiveness, social influence, and media richness. These factors mainlyaffect the relationship between relationship quality and social media interaction. This studydescribes how to analyze the impact of social media interactions on relationship quality froma customer's perspective. In order to answer the research questions and obtain customers'opinions, this paper uses quantitative research to interview customers of different types ofbrand social media through questionnaires. From what customers feel about the company’scommitment to customers, trust, and customer satisfaction through social media interactions,the impact of social media interactions on the quality of the relationship between thecompany and customers can be derived. In order to promote the development of the company

The current body of research pertaining to sibling control dynamics look specifically at either the absence or presence of control within the sibling relationship. Research to date has not differentiated between a sibling's experience of being controlling versus being controlled. This study examined adolescent sibling control dynamics and its link with sibling relationship quality (sibling closeness and sibling conflict), and how those links are moderated by birth order and having an agreeable personality. Data were analyzed from 327 families with two adolescent siblings between the ages of 12 and 18 (Older Sibling M = 17.17 years, SD = .94; Younger Sibling M = 14.52 years, SD =1.27). Results from nested multi-level models revealed that adolescent siblings who are controlling, perceive their sibling relationship to be close. Future research pertaining to the importance of differentiating between the experience of being controlling versus controlled is discussed.

Although many international and South African studies have investigated teenage parenting, they have rarely viewed the parenting support given to teenage mothers from a coparenting perspective. Coparenting is defined as the manner in which caregivers who are responsible for the upbringing of children, work together in their role as parents to negotiate the child rearing process. Consequently, much of the literature on teenage parenting remains inconclusive in terms of the beneficial nature of parenting support. In South Africa, very little is currently known about the availability of parenting support to teenage mothers from members of the extended family or from the child’s father and about the quality and processes that underlie these parenting relationships. A considerable body of evidence has found the quality of this relationship to be an important facilitator of parenting competence and a predictor of child development outcomes. Coparenting theory and constructs have largely been developed within nuclear, Western family structures that limit their generalizability and applicability to other family systems and contexts. Using a synergistic mixed methods research approach, this study examined the coparenting arrangements and relationship quality of 36 teenage mothers. Quantitative and qualitative data from the teenage mothers, their coparents and key community informants were used to understand coparenting within a particular low-income community where teenage parenting was found to be prevalent. The results revealed that the majority of teenage mothers could identify at least one coparent. A multi-person coparenting arrangement –typically coparenting with both the grandmother and the child’s father – was found to be more common than coparenting with only one other person. The newly developed, multi-domain measure of coparenting quality indicated that teenage mothers’ relationship with coparents was supportive, with minimal conflict and undermining by coparents. Qualitative differences in the roles of coparents revealed that coparenting fathers took on more traditional roles as providers and decision makers in comparison to grandmothers, who mainly performed mentoring roles to facilitate the teenage mothers’ maternal competence. The implications of these findings for coparenting theory as well as interventions and policies related to teenage parenting are discussed. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) / Unrestricted

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Brand value co-creation is an essential theme in Marketing research. The research aims to investigate the degree to which brand relationship quality on social media influences Generation Z’s motivation to co-create by applying the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework. The study was based on many theories of brand relationship quality, consumer engagement, brand satisfaction, brand loyalty, and brand value co-creation. In this study, survey method was utilized to collect 316 insights from Vietnamese League of Legends communities. Gathered data was further embedded into Structural Equation Modelling to analyze causal relationships between variables. The findings show that consumer engagement in online e-sport communities, which is positively impacted by brand relationship quality, has a major influence on brand satisfaction and brand loyalty. Brand satisfaction acts as a mediator between consumer engagement and brand loyalty. Consequently, brand loyalty positively influences brand value co-creation. E-sport organizations can use these findings to actively implement strategies that involve the e-sport communities in co-creating brand value.

Because adverse childhood and family of origin experiences may have implications for adult relationships, it is important to understand what can help buffer potential negative effects. The current study was designed to understand the relationship between childhood family of origin adversities, coming to terms with family of origin issues and events, and adult romantic relationship quality for African Americans (N = 1613). A path analysis was conducted using data from the RELATE assessment (see www.relate-institute.org). Results indicated that, taken together, coming to terms, self-esteem, and depression likely partially mediated the relationship between family of origin adversity and adult relationship quality. Results also suggested that if African Americans were able to come to terms, they reported less depression and higher levels of self-esteem. Clinicians may find it useful to focus on assisting African American individuals in coming to terms with childhood family of origin adversity as part of treatment for depression, self-esteem issues, and adult romantic relationship problems. Additional clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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