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Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete Statens Fastighetsverk. I dagsläget pågår renoveringen av Nationalmuseum där byggnaden skall återställas till sitt ursprung och ett nytt ventilationssystem skall tillgodose ett stabilt inneklimat för bevarandet av museiföremålen. Examensarbetet undersöker hur de krav som ställs på ventilationssystemet kan kombineras med de begränsningar som byggnadens kulturminnesmärkning medför genom att besvara frågan ”Hur kombinerar man dagens behov av installationer med en kulturhistorisk byggnad utan att påverka det kulturhistoriska värdet?” För att exemplifiera denna problematik presenterar vi ett principiellt lösningsförslag för installationssamordningen till en utvald del av byggnaden. Ventilationsförsörjningen till utställningssalarna på Plan 4 utgör ett av de svåraste samordningsområdena i byggnaden. Det valda utrymmet för lösningsförslaget är bjälklaget på Plan 6 som skall försörja en av dessa salar. En fördjupning görs inom museiklimat och dess påverkan på såväl konsten som byggnaden och installationerna. I dagsläget pågår diskussioner där museiklimatkraven ifrågasätts och en internationell standard eftersträvas. Då ventilationssystemets utformning är direkt kopplat till det eftersträvade inneklimatet avslutas rapporten med en diskussion kring klimatkraven på Nationalmuseum och hur dessa kan tillgodoses. Våran slutsats är att det är utifrån byggnadens begränsningar och inte verksamhetens behov som en hållbar samverkan av arkitektur och installationer kan åstadkommas. / This degree project has been carried out in collaboration with the National Property Board of Sweden. The National Museum is currently undergoing renovation where the goal is to restore the building to its original glory. A new ventilation system is to be installed to facilitate a stable indoor climate for the conservation of museum artifacts. The building has been declared a historical monument which imposes limitations on permissible alterations to its architecture and construction. The degree project examines how to combine these limitations with the demands made on the ventilation system by answering the following question, "How can modern installations be integrated within a historical monument, without affecting the historical value?" To exemplify the complexity of this problem, a section of the building has been chosen and studied in more detail. A principle solution is then presented where the installations are integrated with the surrounding structures. The air supply to the exhibition halls on the fourth floor constitutes one of the more complex problems in the building. The installations that service these halls are to be contained within the floor structure above. It is this floor structure that has been studied in more detail. The museum climate and its effects on the artifacts, building construction and installations are studied in depth. Currently the museum environment is a heated topic of discussion where prescribed guidelines are challenged and an international standard is sought. The desired indoor climate determines the scope of the ventilation system. Therefore this report concludes a discussion on the climate requirements presented by the National Museum and how these can be accommodated. Our conclusion is that a sustainable integration of architecture and installations can be achieved when the solution is based on the limitations of the building as opposed to the demands of the occupants.

According to the Swedish Government's set targets for energy use and environmental quality imposed by the European Union, the total energy per heated unit area in residential and commercial buildings will have to be decreased by 20% in 2020 and 50% by 2050 in relation to the annual consumption of 1995. The building sector should additionally be completely independent of fossil fuels for energy usage, with the increasing sector of renewable energy continuously growing until 2020. In its current state, the number of multistory buildings and single-family houses in Sweden exceeds 4 000 000 units. In order to attain the set goals, renovation of the existing housing stock is a necessity given its current relatively slow turnover. As a result of the Swedish Million Unit Program undertaken during 1965−1974, about 750 000 apartments are currently in need of renovation in order to meet today's building standards. Simultaneously, new buildings are built with energy efficiency in mind. In this study an early stage methodology is developed for building refurbishment that takes advantage of a multi-faceted approach. The methodology comprises of multiple dimensions related to a techno-economic, environmental and building occupancy approach. The work presented herein includes a thorough literature review of decision making tools within the built environment and identifies major research efforts in sustainable refurbishment. The technical aspect of this study deals with the proper identification of high-efficient insulation materials that would serve one of the set purposes of energy efficiency when utilized within building envelopes. Further, results are shown for case studies, in which economic investments in Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) and a coupled heat and moisture transport for predefined configurations of VIPs with supplementary insulation of balcony slabs and wall cross-sections are considered. The developed methodology also examines simulations of the total energy consumption utilizing a set of different insulation materials such as mineral wool and VIPs, for a number of locations in Northern and Southern Europe. The research findings of this study identify several aspects of a new developed tool for decision making, to be used in sustainable renovation and refurbishment. / <p>QC 20120918</p>

Energy efficiency is an important question to society as well as to individuals and firms. Improving energy efficiency in the building sector is considered an important means to climate mitigation. For real estate owners energy is also a central expenditure item and reducing energy consumption may directly reduce operation costs while at the same time serve as insurance against future energy price increases. Since new buildings only add a few percent annually to the building stock, the potential to reduce total energy consumption primarily lies within the existing building stock. The building stock is ageing and the post-war part of the stock that is in need of renovation is growing. This has been suggested as a window of opportunity to improve energy efficiency, but so far the results have been few. Several factors have been put forward to explain the so called energy efficiency gap – the difference between actual and optimal energy efficiency – one of which is split incentives. What adds to complexity in this case is that distinct differences have been observed in the level of ambition between the real estate companies that have renovated so far. Some companies have undertaken extensive renovation and energy efficiency measures, whereas other companies have done little more than urgent maintenance measures. It seems that real estate owners in general don´t have strong economic incentives to improve energy efficiency in connection to renovation – but what can then explain the differences between strategies? This licentiate thesis examines the incentives among real estate owners to improve energy efficiency, particularly in post-war, multi-family buildings in need of renovation. The purpose is to add knowledge about decisions concerning measures that improve energy efficiency - in terms of incentives, barriers and different motives for real estate owners’ strategies and actions. Results show that real estate owners lack strong economic incentives to invest in energy efficiency in multi-family buildings and the level of investment is dependent on the different motivations, grouped in three levels of ambition, that real estate companies have. One important conclusion is that the heterogeneity between companies that was exposed in the interviews and survey implies that they will not respond similarly to policy stimuli. The heterogeneity should thus be considered when designing policy measures so that public and company resources can be allocated as efficiently as possible, as there are many challenges facing owners of post-war residential buildings. Another conclusion is that from an economic point of view it is important to take the interaction between different measures into account, e.g. between physical measures and measures focusing on changing household behavior. / QC 20110630

Projektering vid renoveringsprojekt ser ofta väldigt olika ut och skiljer sig från projekteringen vid nyproduktion. Det är därför svårt att ta fram en mall eller standard för hur produktionen ska genomföras och avvikelser kan lätt uppstå.  Avvikelser som uppstår inom renoveringsprojekt kan visa sig vara väldigt tidskrävande eller i värsta fall leda till stopp inom produktionen och det ställs stora krav på projektörerna som måste ha goda kunskaper inom området.  Inom ramen för examensarbetet ingår att identifiera och analysera hur kritiska avvikelser inom renoveringsprojekt uppstår samt hur man ska göra för att hantera detta under ett tidigt skede av renoveringen. Som referensobjekt under examensarbetet används renoveringen av bostadsrättföreningen Kurortsparken i Nynäshamn. Rapporten kommer att analysera de avvikelser som uppstått under produktionen samt ge förslag för hur man kunde ha hanterat projektet och de avvikelser som uppstod annorlunda. / The planning for renovation projects often look very different and distinct from the planning for new production. It is therefore difficult to set up a template or standard for how the production will be implemented and variations may readily occur. Deviations that arise in renovation projects can prove to be very time consuming and worst lead to a stop in production and the concern results in the designer that must be experienced.  As part of the thesis is to find and analyze the critical differences in the renovation project and how to do to manage it during the early stages of renovation. As a reference point for the thesis is the renovation of the housing association Kurortsparken in Nynäshamn. The report will analyze the deviations that occurred during the production and to give suggestions for how to handle the project and the changes that occurred differently.

This thesis is an attempt to address the phenomenon of the sun in architecture. Particular use is made of the notions of warmth, light, shadow and energy as form generators. Of specific concern is how one structure can work in harmony within its environment and existing constraints. An analysis of an existing building is performed, with an eye to its strengths and weaknesses as a residence. It is an interesting challenge for an architect to take an undistinguished building - one designed for a bygone age of surplus energy - to identify those substantive elements to be retained and reused, those which are to be eliminated or substantially altered, and then harmonize them, in conjunction with a new plan, in order to create a warm, energy efficient, aesthetically appealing, and ultimately livable family residence. The possibilities concerning the highest and best changes to be made to improve the use of an existing structure are first identified. This thesis shows how a physically and spiritually cold, unattractive, and unremarkable building, one of little or no architectural merit, can be transformed - through improved natural light and heat - to create a better environment for a family. / Master of Architecture

<p>QC 20140227</p>

Problem of unutilized energy saving potential in the multifamily housing stock of European Union has been emphasized by the European Commission (2008). Comparative study at hand takes tenant – owner associations of Stockholm and Vilnius as study cases. The goal is to find out what are the motivating and obstacle factors that create reasons for tenant – owner associations to invest or to delay investment into energy saving measures. Further aim is to generate suggestions for energy saving policy improvements based on the motivating and obstacle factors for the given capitals. Targets have been implemented by series of interviews held with board leaders of tenant – owner associations. Comparative study has revealed that main obstacles for energy saving renovation is of informational nature – lack of precise, reliable and verified data distracts from investments, since it is difficult to estimate the expected payback and other financial figures. Findings in the perspective of motivating factors are of monetary nature – tenant–owner associations are mostly motivated by monetary savings.

In the developed world, the existing stock of houses will provide shelter to the majority of population in the upcoming years. Houses are physical objects that consume material and energy and need to be maintained, repaired and restructured from time to time. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Kyoto protocol and be comfortable for their inhabitants, the existing stock needs to be renovated. Strong disagreement between different parts of the scientific community and overlapping and contradictory concepts make the definition of sustainable renovation confusing. In this Thesis, therefore, an approach of renovation and operation for higher energy efficiency and lower climate impact has been the main focus. Based on a systems analysis approach, the aim of this work is to develop a manual to stimulate house owners to become role models in sustainable renovation and operation of family houses, the Thesis providing recommendations to reducing the energy consumption of their houses by evaluating cost and benefits of possible actions and choosing the most energy and cost effective approach of a series of alternatives. With the results of this analysis, a sustainable renovation and operation staircase is proposed. The work found that it is possible develop a staircase manual for sustainable renovation and operation of family houses that follows a logical step-by-step approach and could result in considerable life cycle reductions in both costs and climate impact. The work also suggests that it is possible for academic experts to develop material in a simpler form and language to reach the public in a more understandable form.

This is a study about how to improve the building envelope from a group of housing belonging to The Million Programme, a housing programme implanted in the Sweden around 70’s. Massive buildings made of concrete, which were constructed really fast because of the pressing time Schedule and were not developed as they should. This renovation study is explained with examples and drawings and it basically shows how to add thermal insulation on the most conflictive points of the building envelope. It is done in order to improve climatic conditions inside housing, trying to make thermal bridges disappear and reducing energy loss.