Sverige är beroende av vattenkraften då det är vår viktigaste förnyelsebara energikälla. Många vattenkraftverksanläggningar börjar dock nå sin förväntade livslängd och måste på sikt repareras eller byggas om. Hur reparationerna ska ske är inte alltid givet då en reparationsinsats är en komplicerad process där både hänsyn till den befintliga konstruktionen som till reparationsmaterialet måste tas. Ny forskning visar även på att det är önskvärt om reparations-materialet är kompatibelt med underlaget, då det förbättrar sannolikheten för en lyckad insats. Lyckade reparationsinsatser måste vara av högsta prioritet, då det i slutändan blir en fråga om säkerhet för anläggningen. Vattenbyggnads-betongens sammansättning och proportionering i kraftverken är därför en viktig parameter att studera i samband med förvaltningsprocessen av anläggningarna. Denna studie utreder hur vattenbyggnadsbetongens sammansättning och proportionering i kraftverken kan påverka den fortsatta förvaltningsprocessen av anläggningarna. Utifrån en observationsstudie av fyra vattenkraftverk i Vattenfalls ägo, samt en sammanställning av de rekommendationer som Vattenfall under 1900-talet har utgivit för betongkontroller ämnade för internt bruk, visar denna studie att betongen i de studerade kraftverken till viss del kan relateras till de rekommendationerna aktuella för sitt byggnadsår. Resultaten visar även på att tillgänglig anläggningsdata för den befintliga betongen finns, det krävs bara en del arbete att hitta den. Problem kan dock uppstå i framtiden, då betong vid nybyggnation och reparation saknar fullständig dokumentation. Bristen på ny anläggningsdata blir därför uppenbar. Att ta till vara på ny såväl som befintlig data i borde vara ett sätt för att garantera en ännu säkrare förvaltningsprocess.

This essay is an effort to write my thoughts and reflections on my art practice, focusing on the work to-be-realized for my solo show in March 2021 at Galleri Mejan in Stockholm. I’ve had the intention to complement and stabilize my imagined-artwork with my writing, only to realize such a task’s difficulty. Firstly, because language itself can be unstable. Secondly, fear of losing a quality in art that is unstable in its nature. The essay consists of three sections: In the first one, I tell how I think and feel through my art practice. I also propose making space for new knowledge: In my art practice, I lean on magical thinking to stimulate bodily movements.1 I think that we need to balance ourselves between rational thinking and other modes of thinking, and this in-between-space requires continuous negotiations of different kinds. In section two, I explain how I think of images and share how I process them through my work. Then I share stories of entangled images that I’m using as source images in my current work. In the third and last section, I delve into my deep desire to control images. I challenge told narratives and reflect on creative practices of destruction and reparation. / @ Galleri Mejan, Exercisplan 3, March 2021 Media: installation and a video projection. Materials: Clay, ceramic, plaster, linen, and mixed media.   The Making and Breaking of an Icon is a long-term project: I repeatedly destroy and repair a self-made ceramic sculpture. The faceless figure has multiple arms and hands that seem to be hugging or containing the body. At the moment of showing the work at Galleri Mejan, the sculpture was broken, and in process of reparation. Fragments of the sculpture were laying on the ground, I continued to glue them up during the show. A shelf placed up high in the same room displays 7 small plaster replicas of the same figure, but with the addition of a horned cap on their heads. one of the replicas is broken on the ground underneath the shelf. The mold reproducing the plaster pieces is shown by the corner and seems to be in the action of production.  By the entrance, a fetus-like ceramic sculpture is opening both arms. In the other room, the video work "Falling for the Narrative" is showing a performance I did earlier with the sculpture. In this performance, dressed in a self-made costume, I interact with the sculpture as a living thing: I project veneration and aggression on it. The costume that is made of linen, has carrier sacks sewed in the back, filled with rice and coins. the costume weighs around 4kgs. In the corner of the room, a pile of dust is formed on the ground.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第23592号 / 地環博第219号 / 新制||地環||42(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 誠, 教授 佐藤 淳二, 教授 山村 亜希, 准教授 徳永 悠, 教授 服部 高宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which Benin’s Constitutional Court gives effect to the right to reparation under the African Charter and to examine relevant routes for the Court to discharge its duty fully and accurately. Ultimately, the study envisions suggesting Benin’s Constitutional Court a more genuine approach to the right to reparation with an emphasis on the content and scope of the right to reparation, competent remedial institutions and determination of the quantum in cases of monetary compensation. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

La prolifération des traités bilatéraux d'investissement a contribué, ces dernières années, à l'augmentation des litiges portés devant les tribunaux d'arbitrage du Centre International pour le Règlement des Différends relatifs aux Investissements (CIRDI). En effet, les clauses de règlement des différends contenus dans ces traités ont permis aux investisseurs étrangers de saisir directement les tribunaux CIRDI en cas de violation par l'État d'accueil de l'investissement des dispositions protectrices ou de traitement prévues dans ces traités. La présence de l'État au contentieux CIRDI fait que les litiges soumis aux tribunaux arbitraux portent par nature sur des questions de responsabilité. Dès lors, l'invocation par les arbitres des règles coutumières du droit de la responsabilité de l'État, telles que codifiées par la Commission du droit international, est quasi systématique. Au regard de la pratique arbitrale, cette thèse se veut un essai sur les interactions entre le droit de la responsabilité de l'État et l'arbitrage CIRDI sur le fondement des traités de protection, l'objectif final étant de parvenir à une conclusion sur l'existence ou non d'un sous-système de responsabilité de l' État sur le fondement des traités de protection des investissements. Pour ce faire, suivant la démarche de codification de la Commission du droit International, elle met l'accent sur l'influence des règles coutumières d'engagement de la responsabilité de l'État sur la pratique des tribunaux d'arbitrage du CIRDI fondée sur les traités de protection ; et, sous l'angle de la mise en œuvre et du contenu de la responsabilité étatique, elle aborde, à la lumière du droit international général, les aspects de compétence des tribunaux d'arbitrage du CIRDI, les éléments de recevabilité des réclamations des investisseurs étrangers, et les questions liées à la réparation du préjudice causé par l'État. / With the proliferation of Bilateral Investment Treaties, many disputes have in the recent years been brought before arbitral tribunals under the auspices of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). By virtue of dispute settlement clauses of such treaties, foreign investors are able to directly call upon the jurisdiction of ICSID in case of breach by the host State of its treaty-based protection and treatment obligations. Because of the State's involvement, ICSID disputes raise, by nature, issues of Sate Responsibility. Therefore, it is not surprising that ICSID arbitrators systematically rely on customary rules on State Responsibility as codified by the International Law Commission to form and motivate their opinions. The current thesis aims at assessing, in light of the arbitral practice, the interactions between the Law of State Responsibility and ICSID's treaty-based arbitration, with the objective to determine whether State responsibility under treaties is a self-contained regime. We have adopted the International Law Commission's codification approach to highlight, on one side, the influence of customary rules on engagement of State Responsibility on the practice of ICSID arbitral tribunals; and, on the other side, with regards to invocation and content of the State's responsibility, the relationships between general international law and salient aspects of the jurisdiction of ICSID tribunals, the admissibility of claims and the reparation of injury caused to the investor by the State.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka leg. psykoterapeuters uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av att identifiera och reparera rupturer i den terapeutiska relationen (alliansen) i kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT). Datainsamlingen bestod av narrativa intervjuer. Den kvalitativa metoden fenomenologisk hermeneutik (Lindseth & Norberg, 2004), där intresset riktas mot den levda erfarenheten, användes vid analys och tolkning av texten. Resultatet visade att de terapeutiska färdigheterna medveten närvaro och metakommunikation används för att identifiera, förebygga och reparera rupturer i alliansen. Slutsatsen är att psykoterapeuternas berättelser bär på den dolda innebörden att alla slags terapeutiska interventioner i KBT samtidigt utgör relationella handlingar, och att ett språk för detsamma är önskvärt. Meningsfullhet och yrkesstolthet kan dessutom tillägnas, om uppmärksamheten vänds från misslyckanden till mod att ta ansvar för det terapeutiska förloppet och relationen. / The aim of the study was to investigate psychotherapists perceptions about and experiences of identifying ruptures in the therapeutic alliance in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The data collection consisted of narrative interviews. The qualitative method, a phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience (Lindseth & Norberg, 2004), was used in the analysis and interpretation of the texts. The result showed that the therapeutic skills awareness and metacommunication was used to identify, prevent and resolve ruptures in the alliance. The conclusion is that psychotherapists stories carries a hidden meaning of any therapeutic interventions in CBT at the same time constitutes relational actions, and a language for the same is desirable. Meaningfulness and professional pride can also be adopted, by shifting attention from failures, into courage to take responsibility for the therapeutic process and the relationship.

The current retributive approach to tackling hate crime, while intuitively grounded in the principle of proportionately, does little to either repair the harms caused by incidents of hate or engender greater levels of acceptance of those deemed as “different”. This thesis therefore explores whether restorative justice, a relatively new theory and practice of criminal justice, is better placed to tackle the causes and consequences of hate victimisation. The 18 month empirical study, carried out to examine the thesis’ aims, uses a triangulation approach by incorporating observations of restorative justice meetings, semi-structured interviews with victim participants and semi-structured interviews with restorative practitioners who have experience facilitating hate crime cases. The mainly qualitative data collated provides for a detailed evaluation of the various processes found within restorative practices that: 1) helped to alleviate the distress caused by hate victimisation and 2) prevented the recurrence of hate-motivated incidents. A broad conceptualisation of hate crime was used within the thesis that included “hate incidents”. This allowed me to explore the utility of restorative practices in cases involving serious violence and the more pervasive “low-level”, but nonetheless highly deleterious, non-criminal incidents of hate that are frequently committed against minority group individuals. There were also several unanticipated findings from the study. First, data emerged which highlighted various aspects of the restorative practice which were unforeseen as being central to the successful application of restorative processes, these are discussed throughout the thesis. Second, great insight was gained into the nature of hate victimisation, helping to unravel some of the complex socio-cultural factors pivotal to both the cause and effect of hate victimisation. It is hoped that these additional findings provide important epistemological advancements in both fields of study.

Black Reparations Film Project: Descendants of Slavery and Institutional Racism is a character driven film that sheds light on the consequences of slavery in the U.S. Through a personal narrative, the viewer comes to understand how these consequences support the argument for slavery reparations. The purpose of the film is to bridge the generational gap in awareness of reparation history. The film can be used to enlighten young Americans of all ethnicities to encourage them to find their purpose in this country, help build better race relations, and work towards building a true democracy.

Causation has, at the very minimum, two functions in legal responsibility regimes. First, there is no responsibility without a conduct with causal consequences, making causation a condition of responsibility. Second, causation determines and delimits the extent of liability. The first claim of this study is that the decision of the International Law Commission to construct a responsibility regime unconditional on damage did not result in the exclusion of causation from the conditions of responsibility. There are at least two signs demonstrating that the attempt to exclude responsibility-grounding causation from State responsibility did not hold ground in practice. First, there is abundant case law pre- and postdating the codification of the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), confirming that responsibility-grounding causation exists in international law. Second, notwithstanding the denial of ARSIWA and its commentaries, reading between the lines reveals that several concepts of State responsibility are of a causal nature and their application inevitably implies a causal inquiry. There are two interrelated explanations for this. First, at the heart of the system of State responsibility lies the concept of the ‘internationally wrongful act’. I argue that the law of State responsibility lacks a coherent action theory. In particular, a causal theory of action would explain several anomalies visible in the case law. The second explanation rests on approaching causation in the law of international responsibility as a general principle of law. The prevailing view in the case law and the academic contributions is that causation and, more specifically, certain standards of causation are general principles of law. In making the second claim of this thesis, I will argue that this is only partially true. Causation is a general principle in as much as the existence of a causal link is a condition of responsibility and one possible condition of delimiting liability. ARSIWA therefore runs contrary to this general principle. However, the authorities arguing for a specific test of causation, be it directness, proximity, foreseeability or other tests, do not have a substantial basis to do so. What remains, as an empirical and inductive method in line with Article 38 (1) d) of the ICJ Statute, is to distil the actual practice of international courts and tribunals. My third claim is that there is merit in this exercise and it is possible to identify recurring solutions to recurring problems of causation. This study is the second one to conduct this survey and analysis of the case law, following the footsteps of Brigitte Stern, updating and complementing her otherwise exhaustive and authoritative text on the subject. The thesis concludes with a list of the distilled principles and postulates on respective problems of causation, in particular on the applicability and the limits of the ‘but for’ test, the applicable standard of remoteness, multiple causation and contributory negligence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Cristina Santos.pdf: 854701 bytes, checksum: 04a51b7a58e5a7fa7e7a4124bd304ed0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In 1985, Brazil started a process of returning to Democracy after 21 years of establishment of civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). During this period, numerous Brazilian citizens had their rights annulled, were expelled from the country, banned from their jobs, victims of persecution and often subjected to forced exile because of a repressive apparatus that offered no possibility of defense. The dictatorship acted swiftly to keep "under control" the political opposition that were being organized in the country. First, with the decrees and laws that legitimized the actions of the new regime, later with the publication of Institutional Act no. 5 (AI-5) which compromised radically all sectors of public life through the establishment of full censorship vetoed the right to protest, opposition and individual freedoms. The arrests those who resisted in the moment of the Overthrow, interventions in the labor unions, persecution of workers and students, the annihilation of the armed resistance groups, are characteristic of a "time" of our history that left many sequels and culminated, later, in a long process of reparation to victims. By the 10,559 Act, of November 13, 2002, the Brazilian State establishes conditions for financial and moral reparation to citizens who were affected by the strong action of political repression unleashed during the military regime. Among the sectors most affected in this period, is notable the violence against the labor movement that, from the beginning, adopted different ways of resistance. In December 2012, in open court in the Memorial de Resistência de São Paulo, several workers had the opportunity to see their stories told, receiving the official State's apology, through the Amnesty Commission of the Ministry of Justice and hence be "benefit" with their financial reparations due to the suffered persecution, imprisonment, exile and the damage caused in their personal lives and in their professional careers. The records and the memory of the labor movement will compose one of the most beautiful stories of resistance in the recent history of our country / Em 1985, o Brasil inicia um processo de retorno democrático após 21 anos de instauração da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). Durante esse período, inúmeros cidadãos brasileiros tiveram seus direitos cassados, foram expulsos do país, banidos dos seus postos de trabalho, vítimas de perseguições e, muitas vezes, submetidos ao exílio forçado por conta de um aparato repressivo que não ofereceu chances de defesa. A ditadura agiu rapidamente para manter sob controle as oposições políticas que se articulavam no país. Em princípio, com os decretos e leis que legitimaram as ações do novo regime; posteriormente, com a edição do Ato Institucional n. 5 (AI-5) que comprometeu de forma radical todos os setores da vida pública, através do estabelecimento da censura plena que vetou o direito à manifestação, à oposição e as liberdades individuais. As prisões aos que resistiram no momento imediato ao Golpe, as intervenções nos meios sindicais, a perseguição aos trabalhadores e estudantes, o aniquilamento aos grupos de resistência armada, são características de um tempo da nossa história que deixou muitas sequelas e que culminou, posteriormente, num longo processo de reparação às vítimas. Por meio da Lei 10.559, de 13 de novembro de 2002, o Estado brasileiro estabeleceu condições de reparação financeira e moral aos cidadãos que foram atingidos pela ação da forte repressão política desencadeada durante o regime militar. Dentre os setores mais atingidos nesse período, destaca-se a violência praticada ao movimento operário que, desde o início, adotou diferentes formas de resistência. Em dezembro de 2012, em audiência pública no Memorial de Resistência de São Paulo, vários trabalhadores tiveram a oportunidade de ver suas histórias contadas, de receber o pedido de desculpas oficiais do Estado, através da Comissão de Anistia do Ministério da Justiça e, consequentemente, serem beneficiados com as respectivas reparações financeiras por conta das perseguições e prisões sofridas, pelo exílio e pelos danos causados na vida pessoal e em suas trajetórias profissionais. Os registros e a memória do movimento operário irá compor uma das mais belas histórias de resistência da recente história do nosso país