Spelling suggestions: "subject:"resettlement"" "subject:"esettlement""
171 |
Resettlement training and factors affecting employment of ex-servicemen in Malaysia - a case studyLoh, S. H., n/a January 1994 (has links)
Unemployment was a major problem faced by the ex-servicemen in Malaysia since the
early seventies. Recognising the needs of ex-servicemen, the government through the
organisation of the Veterans Affairs Division (VAD) introduced the resettlement
program for the ex-servicemen with the aim of assisting the veterans to find
employment. However despite the implementation of training programs, the rate of
unemployment among the ex-servicemen was relatively very high, whilst the extent of
the as well as the underlying factors remained unknown, with the resultant ambiguity
of the role of VAD.
This case study was designed to investigate issues related to the employment situation
of the ex-servicemen by surveying those in the capital territory of Kuala Lumpur and
the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka, who participated in resettlement
training and were discharged in 1993. In addition the states of Johor, Perak and Penang
were included for the survey on the non participants of resettlement training.
The study found that the rate of employment of the ex-servicemen in the states
surveyed was substantially lower than that of the national average. The study also
found that participation in the resettlement training organised by the VAD had
significant effect on increasing the rate of employment besides higher income, shorter
period of unemployment, better readjustment and higher satisfaction with civilian life.
Among the factors analysed, ability to speak English and the economic activity and the
stage of development of the states were found to have significance influence on the rate
of employment. Other factors found to be associated with the employment of the ex-servicemen
included age, education level, rank, urban or rural background, and
matching of training to application.
Based on the findings of this case study recommendations were made to improve the
selectivity of, and access to, resettlement training by all ex-servicemen. Other
recommendations included improving the standard of education and spoken English
before discharge, lowering age of discharge with pension, provision of information
related to employment and counselling service, setting up of data bank of ex-servicemen
and further research.
|
172 |
“That will be your home” : Resettlement preparations for children and youth from the Horn of AfricaMuftee, Mehek January 2014 (has links)
This thesis analyzes how children and youth being resettled from Kenya and Sudan were prepared for their upcoming resettlement to Sweden, through cultural orientation programs (COPs). COPs are held for refugees who have been granted permanent Swedish residence and are undergoing resettlement to Sweden. The Swedish Migration Board, in charge of resettlement, carries out COPs as a means to inform and prepare refugees for the move to Sweden. This thesis is based on ethnographic work carried out during COPs held in Kenya and Sudan in 2011. Through video-based observation of the meetings between the Swedish delegations and children and youth, current thesis examines what notions of resettlement and refugeeness inform the delegations work, and how does the children’s agency come about during these meetings? The thesis includes three articles. Article 1 examines how the delegations make use of images in order to establish certain ideas of Sweden and the ideal citizen specifically tailored for the group being resettled. Article 2 explores children’s agency within the COPs, focusing on how the children and youth manage the meetings and sometimes resisting being positioned in certain ways by the delegations. Article 3 analyzes how notions of gender equality are drawn upon by the delegations during their work, a topic frequently highlighted by the delegations in various implicit and dilemmatic ways. The thesis shows how the delegations’ work is carried out in paradoxical ways. Their quest to bring forth the ideal future as a means to instill hope among the children simultaneously ends up categorizing them as different and as others. The representatives draw n ideas that the children need to be socialized in order to be incorporated into another “us”. / Avhandlingen undersöker hur barn och ungdomar förbereds inför sin vidarebosättning genom så kallade Sverigeprogram. Avhandlingen är baserad på en etnografisk studie där video observationer genomförts av Sverigeprogram som hölls utav Migrationsverket i Kenya och Sudan för familjer som var på väg att vidarebosättas till Sverige. Som ett led i vidarebosättningsprocessen informeras och förbereds flyktingar inför flytten till Sverige. Syftet är att informera och presentera Sverige, skapa dialog och verka för flyktingarnas aktiva medverkan i sin vidarebosättningsprocess. Sedan några år tillbaka har speciella program genomförts för barn och ungdomar. Avhandlingen visar hur de två delegationerna arbetar med bilder och information med syftet att presentera en positiv bild av Sverige i ett led i att inge barnen hopp. Praktiken av att presentera idealbilden av Sverige hänger samman med socialiseringsprocess av barnen som stundtals positioneras som avvikande från svenskheten. Delegationernas arbete med att presentera bilden av den fria individen går hand i hand med en vilja att inkorporera barnen i en ny gemenskap, ett nytt ”vi”. I artikel ett undersöks hur delegationerna arbeter med bilder som visas upp genom olika praktiker för att förmedla en viss bild av Sverige samt den ideala medborgaren som ansvarstagande och aktiv. Artikel två fokuserar på barns agens och hur de under mötena med delegationerna förhandlar och gör motstånd mot stereotypifiering men också ställer egna frågor om framtiden när utrymme ges. Artikel tre fokuserar på hur delegationerna pratar om jämställdhet med unga tjejer som deltar i programmen med utgångspunkt i att stärka tjejerna och informera de om rättigheter men hur arbetet med att presentera ett liv i frihet går hand i hand med att även presentera hur detta liv bör se ut vilket paradoxalt nog positionerar tjejerna som ojämställda och annorlunda.
|
173 |
De första åren i Sverige som kvotflykting : Om hantering av vardagen med beredskap för taktiska manövrer.Forssell, Kenneth January 2008 (has links)
ABSTRACT Syftet med denna studie är att ge en bild av hur kvotflyktingar uppfattar och praktiskt hanterar sin tillvaro, samt att identifiera olika taktiker/strategier som därvid använts. Empirin består av ostrukturerade intervjuer med 4 informanter, vilka tidigare mottagits som kvotflyktingar. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och kodats för analys. Kvalitativ metod har använts. Teoretiskt ramverk för analys har bestått av tre kopplade ingångar: 1. Scenen för handling. 2. Habitus. 3. Taktiska dispositioner. Empirin visar att informanterna uppskattar Sverige som Scen för handling. Sverige uppfattas som ett tryggt och välordnat land. Demokrati, yttrandefrihet, religionsfrihet och vänlighet beskriver kontexten. Avigsidorna är byråkrati och disciplinering. Informanternas tidigare erfarenheter inverkar tydligt på hanteringen av tillvaron. Informanterna betonar vikten att se och hitta möjligheter i Sverige. Resultatet visar att informanterna tillämpar ett förhållningssätt med beredskap för taktiska manövrer längs vägen. / <p>2008-06-04</p>
|
174 |
Damming the Mekong: the social, economic and environmental consequences of the Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric ProjectWolf, Jason 03 January 2013 (has links)
More than a decade after the World Bank was forced out of the dam-building industry due to the social and environmental consequences of the projects they helped to finance, World Bank support for the development of the Nam Theun 2 (NT2) Hydroelectric Project, located atop the bio-diverse Nakai Plateau in central Laos, signals the re-emergence of the Bank’s involvement in large-scale dam construction initiatives. The NT2 project is the Bank’s response to its international critics. The project is a ‘test case’ for a new model of hydropower development that seeks to counteract any negative consequences to the surrounding environment and populations through the enactment of a new set of environmental and social safeguards that the Bank had spent over a decade developing. As the optimal consequence, if NT2 achieves the goal of safeguarding the bio-diverse environment of the Nakai region through the creation and implementation of long-term ‘socially and environmentally sustainable’ livelihood activities capable of raising the living standards and income levels of Nakai villagers beyond the national poverty line, then the NT2 model of development will be validated and its use in other World Bank supported hydroelectric initiatives all but assured. The alternative result is that the new safeguard mechanisms fail to achieve these goals, significantly contributing to the destabilization of one of the of the most environmentally and culturally unique regions in the world. This thesis analyzes the effectiveness of NT2 social and environmental safeguards in order to determine to what extent this new model of development is achieving the objectives it set prior to construction. Using a range of data, it analyzes outcomes produced from the core safeguards program of the project: the resettlement livelihoods’ programmes. Analysis of villagers’ livelihoods after resettlement clearly indicates that the NT2 model was never able to overcome challenges posed by reduced access to forest and agricultural lands for re-establishing villagers’ core land-based livelihood activities. As a result, many villagers have abandoned the livelihoods programmes at resettlement villages across the Plateau. In the short term, these villagers have, nevertheless, significantly increased their incomes through intensified commercial fishing and export-oriented rare timber and endangered wildlife extraction activities. The problem for NT2 developers such as the World Bank is that this form of economic activity is neither socially nor environmentally sustainable, placing the regional environment, local populations and the NT2 project in jeopardy. / Graduate
|
175 |
Impact Of Ataturk Dam On Social And Environmental Aspects Of The Southeastern Anatolia ProjectAkyurek, Gokce 01 December 2005 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis the impact of the Atatü / rk Dam on social and environmental aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Project has been discussed in terms of planning and policy making, institutional arrangements, infrastuctural development and human resources development. In order to analyse the impacts of Atatü / rk Dam data related to several components are collected. These components can be listed as resettlement, land acquisition and land consolidation, education, health, gender issues.
The results show that the Atatü / rk Resettlement has been done involuntarily. The people mostly have their compensation. However the management abilities of the resettlers for the compensations were poor. Generally the Southeastern Anatolia Project as a large scale multi sectoral projects have positive impacts on the literacy ratio and health standards. Actually the social and environmental aspects of this kind of large scale projects are difficult to predict and measure. Therefore reasonable studies on prediciting the problems related to the environemental and social issues and producing sufficient solutions become more and more important day by day. The Southeastern Anatolia Project becomes an important example for similar projects by considering its both positive and negative impacts
|
176 |
Sistemas socioecológicos, resiliência e as comunidades locais de Cateme: os impactos da mineração do carvão em Moatize, Moçambique, no período de 2010-2014 / Socioecological systems, resilience and local communities of Cateme: the impacts of coal mining in Moatize, Mozambique, for the period 2010-2014Notice, Joaquim [UNESP] 10 November 2017 (has links)
Submitted by JOAQUIM NOTICE null (jonotice@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-19T15:17:09Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
JOAQUIM NOTICE_TESE IGCE UNESP.pdf: 13535830 bytes, checksum: d5599a7623394733758b73d7e516a24c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2017-12-19T18:10:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
notice_j_dr_rcla.pdf: 13535853 bytes, checksum: f853cc8c929efcbfca0c1bbd3e6891cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T18:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
notice_j_dr_rcla.pdf: 13535853 bytes, checksum: f853cc8c929efcbfca0c1bbd3e6891cd (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-11-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta pesquisa resulta da perspectiva de verificação dos efeitos degradantes da ação das mineradoras concessionadas para a exploração do carvão em Moatize, Moçambique, com objetivo de analisar os impactos adversos sobre as comunidades locais de Cateme, fruto da relação direta entre livrar-se da pobreza que o país se encontra mergulhado desde a sua independência, e o quadro legal do processo em território moçambicano, que envolvessem investimentos privados, nacionais e estrangeiros, suscetíveis de contribuir para o desenvolvimento e o bem-estar social do país. A hipótese é de que as comunidades locais de Moatize acreditam na possibilidade do aparecimento de mais empresas, tal como a Vale Moçambique, para a extração dos recursos naturais nos seus lugares de origem, gerando assim piores condições de vida para elas. A metodologia do interacionismo simbólico, articulado principalmente por uma abordagem etnográfica, nos permitiu junto das populações abrangidas pelo processo de reassentamento em Cateme, mesmo nas cidades de Moatize e Tete, constatar a situação deplorável derivada da exploração desequilibrada e não sustentável do carvão na província de Tete. Diante disso, como forma de oferecer informações para o resgate da concordância e o conforto das comunidades locais, trabalhamos com a presente tese, fundamentados nas teorias de resiliência de comunidades e dos sistemas socioecológicos, justificada no contexto de um processo atual que envolve a superação de condições adversas das comunidades locais em suas vidas, fortalencendo os processos de resiliência comunitária. Entendemos, ao partirmos deste estudo, buscar uma relação socioecológica mais justa e responsável, contemplando a sustentabilidade das diversas comunidades locais, por meio de uma gestão ambiental participativa e adaptativa, integrando as instituções governamentais, as multinacionais e a população, na tomada de decisões e de políticas públicas voltadas à conservação dos recursos naturais e à preservação das raízes socioculturais tradicionais, cooperando no desenvolvimento da resiliência das comunidades envolvidas, a fim de proporcionar uma qualidade de vida e ambiental adequada para a população em Moçambique, diante das transformações referentes às multifuncionalidades de suas paisagens. / This research results from the perspective of verifying the degrading effects of coal mining operations in Moatize, Mozambique, in order to analyze the adverse impacts on the local communities of Cateme, as a result of the direct relationship between getting rid of poverty The country has been immersed since its independence and the legal framework of the process, in Mozambican territory, involving private investments, national and foreign, likely to contribute to the development and social welfare of the country. The hypothesis is that the local communities of Moatize believe in the possibility of the appearance of more companies, such as Vale Moçambique, to extract natural resources in their places of origin, thus generating worse living conditions for them. The methodology of symbolic interactionism, articulated mainly by an ethnographic approach, allowed the populations affected by the resettlement process in Cateme, even in the cities of Moatize and Tete, to note the deplorable situation derived from the unbalanced and unsustainable exploitation of coal in the province of Tete. Therefore, as a way to offer informations to the recovery of the concordance and comfort of local communities, we work with the present thesis, based on the resilience theories of communities and socioecological systems, justified in the context of a current process that involves overcoming conditions Local communities in their lives, strengthening community resilience processes. We intend to seek a more just and responsible socioecological relationship, taking into account the sustainability of the various local communities, through participatory and adaptive environmental management, integrating governmental institutions, multinationals and the population, in decision-making and of public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of traditional socio-cultural roots, cooperating in the development of the resilience of the communities involved, in order to provide a suitable quality of life and environmental for the population in Mozambique, in face of the transformations regarding the multifunctional Its landscapes. / CNPq: 190668/2013-0
|
177 |
Contribui??es da Psicologia S?cio-Hist?rica para a compreens?o das significa??es atribu?das ao processo de transloca??o e reassentamento: o caso da Comunidade Quilombola Marques (MG)Gomes, Alide Altivo 18 August 2016 (has links)
Data de aprova??o retirada da vers?o impressa do trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T22:41:03Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
alide_altivo_gomes.pdf: 2750244 bytes, checksum: 48e8d9390e3dc77d2e7bb1c1d8bf5b58 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T16:59:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
alide_altivo_gomes.pdf: 2750244 bytes, checksum: 48e8d9390e3dc77d2e7bb1c1d8bf5b58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T16:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
alide_altivo_gomes.pdf: 2750244 bytes, checksum: 48e8d9390e3dc77d2e7bb1c1d8bf5b58 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016 / Pesquisa qualitativa de campo, norteada pelo eixo epistemol?gico da Psicologia S?cio-Hist?rica, realizada na Comunidade Quilombola Marques, no munic?pio de Carlos Chagas (MG). Este estudo objetivou: levantar, analisar e desvelar os sentidos e significados atribu?dos pelos moradores da comunidade ao processo de transloca??o/reassentamento sofrido ap?s a constru??o de uma Pequena Central Hidroel?trica em seu territ?rio. Elegeu-se como categorias anal?ticas os sentidos e significados (significa??es). As fontes escolhidas para a produ??o das informa??es foram todos os moradores da comunidade, aproximadamente 25 (vinte e cinco) pessoas, que constituem nove fam?lias; tamb?m, fontes documentais tais como: Termo de Compromisso e de Conduta, Ata de funda??o da Associa??o Quilombola, Relat?rio de Assessoria Antropol?gica, Estatuto da Associa??o Quilombola e outros acervos da comunidade como fotos e um v?deo-document?rio. As t?cnicas escolhidas para produ??o das informa??es foram: entrevista focal, semi-estruturada e recorrente, observa??o em campo e roda de conversa. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o gravador de ?udio digital, c?mera fotogr?fica, di?rio de campo e caneta. A estrat?gia anal?tica utilizada foi An?lise dos N?cleos de Significa??o que deram origem a tr?s Eixos Tem?ticos, quais sejam: Eixo Tem?tico I:Territorialidade antes e depois do processo de transloca??o e reassentamento: apropria??o dos espa?os, mitos e tradi??es, Eixo Tem?tico II: Processos de Luta e Resist?ncia: exclus?o, articula??o social, conflitos e reconhecimento e Eixo Tem?tico III: Empoderamento e Cidadania: apropria??o dos espa?os geogr?ficos, atividades produtivas e aspectos agropecu?rios. Com os resultados levou-se em considera??o o processo de apropria??o do territ?rio pelos Marques antes e ap?s a transloca??o e reassentamento, seus mitos e tradi??es relacionadas aos lugares. Foi desvelado que o processo de luta e resist?ncia da comunidade pelo reconhecimento de sua ancestralidade e pela manuten??o de seus modos de vida em seu territ?rio exigiu dos moradores um reposicionamento frente ao processo de exclus?o e aliena??o imposto pela presen?a da hidrel?trica. Esse embate resultou em negocia??o e consequentemente na transloca??o e reassentamento da comunidade. Dessa forma, os Marques se apropriam dos novos espa?os atrav?s da reafirma??o dos la?os de solidariedade e coletividade, em um movimento dial?tico de reconstru??o de sua identidade no novo territ?rio o qual se consubstancia enquanto materializa??o do empoderamento dos sujeitos e demarca??o de sua cidadania O processo de transloca??o e reassentamento ?, portanto, significado como lugar de reelabora??o de valores, tradi??es, atividades produtivas e mudan?as na qualidade de vida de seus moradores, bem como, de um posicionamento ?tico-pol?tico da comunidade frente aos processos de exclus?o/aliena??o do capital globalizado e das mudan?as impostas pela moderniza??o dos processos produtivos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Qualitative research field, guided by epistemological axis of Socio-Historical Psychology, held in the Community Quilombola Marques, in the municipality of Carlos Chagas (MG). This study aimed to: survey, analyze and reveal the meanings assigned by community residents to the translocation process/resettlement suffered after the construction of a Small Hydroelectric Plant in its territory. Was elected as analytical categories, the meanings (significations). The sources chosen for the production of information were all community residents, approximately 25 (twenty five) persons, which constitutes nine families; also documentary sources such as: Term Commitment and Conduct, Minutes of the Quilombo Association Foundation, Advisory Report Anthropological, the Quilombo Association Statute and other community collections such as photos and a video documentary. The techniques used for the production of information was: focal interview, half structured and recurrent, field observation and conversation wheel. They were used as instruments digital audio recorder, camera, field diary and pen. The analytical strategy was the analysis of signification cores, they gave rise to three Thematic Groups, which are: Thematic Axis I: Territoriality before and after the translocation process and resettlement: appropriation of spaces, myths and traditions; Thematic Axis II: Fight Processes and Resistance: exclusion, social articulation, conflict and recognition; and Thematic Axis III: Empowerment and Citizenship: appropriation of geographical areas, productive activities and agricultural aspects. With the results took into account the process of appropriation of the territory by Marques before and after translocation and resettlement, their myths and traditions related to places. It was unveiled that the process of struggle and resistance of the community for recognition of their ancestry and maintaining their ways of life in its territory demanded the residents one front repositioning the process of exclusion and alienation imposed by hydroelectric presence. This clash resulted in negotiation and, consequently, translocation and community resettlement. Thus, Marques appropriate the new areas of resettlement through the reaffirmation of solidarity and community ties, in a reconstruction dialectical movement of its identity in the new territory which is embodied as materialization of the empowerment of individuals and demarcation of their citizenship. The process of translocation and resettlement is therefore, meant as a place of re-elaboration of values, traditions, productive activities and changes in the quality of life of its residents, as well as an ethical - political positioning of the front community the processes of
exclusion/disposal of globalized capital and the changes imposed by the modernization of the production process.
|
178 |
Reassentamentos de fam?lias em projetos de habita??o social: avalia??o de procedimentos e resultados do projeto Planalto II, Natal /RNDi?genes, Maria Caroline Farkat 25 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
MariaCFD_DISSERT.pdf: 4332893 bytes, checksum: d648954c326c5a3f097ae05477c6d1f5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Este estudo tem como tema o reassentamento de fam?lias em projetos de habita??o
de interesse social. As experi?ncias verificadas na trajet?ria de implementa??o de
programas e projetos habitacionais em Natal evidenciam lacunas quanto ? ado??o
dos princ?pios do Direito ? Moradia, notadamente no que diz respeito ? perman?ncia
das fam?lias na mesma ?rea ou no seu entorno. A partir dessa quest?o, busca-se
na presente pesquisa avaliar o deslocamento de fam?lias ocorrido
no Projeto Planalto/DETRAN, relacionando os aspectos de inser??o urbana e
satisfa??o do morador. As referencias te?rico conceituais se colocam: (i) no ?mbito
da avalia??o de Programas e Projetos, com refer?ncias aos trabalhos de S?nia
Draibe e Figueiredos (ii) no ?mbito dos aspectos de inser??o urbana e inclus?o
social. Nesse sentido destaca-se a vertente do Direito ? Cidade a partir de autores
como H. Lefebvre e de pesquisadores que focalizam a realidade das cidades
brasileiras como Adauto L?cio Cardoso, produ??es do Minist?rio das Cidades e
Lefebvre, Nelson Saule J?nior. A abordagem do tema do deslocamento de fam?lias
em programas habitacionais considerou-se ainda os estudos de Rosana Denaldi,
Nabil Bonduk, Erm?nia Maricato e L?cia Valladares. Como conclus?o pode-se inferir
que os procedimentos de deslocamentos de fam?lias no ?mbito do projeto Planalto II
n?o contemplaram princ?pios da Fun??o Social da Propriedade Urbana (FSPU), n?o
efetivando princ?pios da moradia digna e do Direito ? Moradia e o Direito ? Cidade
|
179 |
Direito à moradia, intervenção em favelas e deslocamento involuntário de famílias : conflitos e desafios para as políticas públicasRegino, Tássia de Menezes January 2017 (has links)
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Rosana Denaldi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, São Bernardo do Campo, 2017. / Este trabalho trata dos conflitos verificados nos processos de deslocamento
involuntário de famílias residentes em assentamentos precários em decorrência de remoção de
imóveis por obras de urbanização. Ele foi norteado pelo objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento
sobre o tema, com vistas a contribuir para o aprimoramento das estratégias de implementação
destes deslocamentos e de suas soluções, no âmbito das políticas públicas que buscam
assegurar o direito à moradia adequada.
As reflexões foram construídas a partir da análise do Programa de Urbanização de
Assentamentos Precários implementado pelo município de São Bernardo do Campo no
período de 2009 a 2016, focando em três projetos de urbanização implementados por meio de
contratos com o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento ¿ PAC.
A análise dos conflitos evidencia que a questão das remoções não pode ser
simplificada no contexto atual dos assentamentos precários e que, pelas condições
encontradas nestas áreas, elas são necessárias em muitas situações, exatamente para assegurar
a moradia adequada. Mostra, ainda, que nem todos os conflitos apresentados em torno da
implementação de remoções se dão pela sua impropriedade ou por soluções inadequadas.
Parte importante dos conflitos mapeados têm origem em problemas conhecidos, mas ainda
insuficientemente tratados no âmbito das políticas habitacionais e das práticas de urbanização,
como: as formas de déficit não associadas à precariedade, a dinâmica e crescimento dos
assentamentos, o mercado informal do solo e as diferenças de padrão das unidades
autoconstruídas frente à uniformidade das soluções de reposição dos projetos públicos.
O conjunto de questões mapeadas aponta para a necessidade de aprofundamento de
debates e estudos em três dimensões principais: a dimensão das políticas públicas e dos
parâmetros de urbanização necessários para superação da precariedade e promoção da
inserção urbana dos assentamentos precários, relacionando-os também à capacidade de
investimento dos entes públicos; a dimensão das soluções técnicas de projeto e do diálogo
com a população afetada; e a dimensão jurídica e normativa, frente aos limites e
possibilidades de ação colocados pelo marco normativo atual no que se refere à diversidade
de situações encontradas nos assentamentos precários. / This paper deals with conflicts in the processes of involuntary resettlement of families
living in precarious settlements as a result of removal of housing structures in the course of
upgrading and infrastructure works. It was guided by the objective of increasing knowledge
on this matter, with a view to contributing for the improvement of resettlement strategies and
respective solutions, within the scope of public policies that seek to ensure the right to
adequate housing.
The reflections were built based on the analysis of the Program for Precarious
Settlements Upgrade implemented by the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo from 2009
to 2016, focusing on three projects implemented through contracts within the Growth
Acceleration Program (PAC) .
Conflict analysis shows that the issue of resettlement cannot be simplified in the
current context of precarious settlements and that, given the conditions found in these areas,
they are necessary in many situations, exactly with the purpose of ensuring adequate housing.
It also shows that not all the conflicts surrounding resettlement processes are due to their
impropriety or inadequate solutions. An important part of the mapped conflicts originates
from known but still insufficiently addressed problems in housing policies and slum
upgrading practices, such as the types of deficits not associated with precariousness, the
dynamics and growth of settlements, the informal land markets and the differences in
standards of self-built units against the uniformity of end solutions offered by public projects.
The set of issues mapped indicates the need to deepen debates and studies in three
main dimensions: the dimension of public policies and slum upgrading parameters needed to
overcome precariousness and promote the urban insertion of precarious settlements, in
relation to public investment capacity; dimensions of technical project solutions and dialogue
with affected population; and the juridical and normative dimension, considering the limits
and possibilities of action to face the diversity of situations existing in precarious settlements
within current normative framework.
|
180 |
Análise de projetos de reassentamento habitacional: o caso do projeto Serra do Mar no estado de São Paulo. / Analysis of resettlement housing projects: Serra do Mar case in São Paulo state.Débora de Camargo Cavalheiro 13 May 2015 (has links)
As remoções de favelas são cada vez mais frequentes no contexto brasileiro e mundial. O reassentamento de famílias atingidas por estes processos deve respeitar os preceitos de moradia adequada como um direito que venha agregar qualidade de vida e dignidade às famílias atingidas, pois do contrário podem intensificar vulnerabilidades. A presente pesquisa analisa a adaptação e a satisfação dos moradores de um reassentamento, o Conjunto Rubens Lara, localizado no bairro Jardim Casqueiro na cidade de Cubatão, resultado de um deslocamento involuntário de famílias moradoras de favelas. O conjunto possui características distintas da produção de habitação social comumente praticada, como aspectos de localização, trabalho social e projeto. O método da pesquisa foi baseado em instrumentos que permitissem a visão dos diversos atores do processo, bem como a satisfação do usuário. Para análise dos dados quantitativos foi utilizada estatística descritiva, análise fatorial e a medida de incerteza. Os resultados mostram que o fato de se tratar de uma remoção involuntária não é determinante para a satisfação do morador. Atributos positivos que ofereçam qualidade de vida trazem maior influência na satisfação, mesmo em uma situação de remoção involuntária. A localização do empreendimento foi apontada como um aspecto determinante da satisfação por conta da oferta de serviços públicos, equipamentos urbanos e oportunidades de trabalho. No entanto, questões como o arranjo em condomínio, manutenção e incremento de gastos podem colocar os ganhos do projeto em risco. Quanto à gestão condominial verificou-se que a manutenção tem importante papel nas questões condominiais, pois é influenciada tanto por aspectos de engenharia como administrativos, podendo assim, ser um componente de preocupação no futuro. A satisfação com a manutenção se mostrou como um elemento de influência para a satisfação com a gestão condominial. Por outro lado, a satisfação com o valor da taxa de condomínio está ligada à capacidade de pagamento dos moradores e não pela qualidade dos serviços em si. Foi observada inadimplência menor que as encontradas na bibliografia. / Evictions have become very frequent in Brazilian and in the worldwide context nowadays. The resettlement of families affected by this process must respect the precepts of appropriate housing as a right, in order to add quality of life and dignity of the affected families, as the opposite intensifies the vulnerabilities. This research studies the adaptation and satisfaction of the resettlements dwellers, Rubens Lara Complex, located in neighborhood Jardim Casqueiro, in Cubatão city, resulted from an involuntary displacement of families living in slums. This social housing presents distinct characteristics of the ones usually found, such as location, social work and the project itself. The research method was based on instruments that permit the view from several actors in the process, and the users satisfaction as well. To the quantitative data analyzes it has been applied descriptive statistics, factorial analyzes and uncertainty measurement. The results show that the fact of being an involuntary eviction is not the determinative to the dwellers satisfaction. Positives attributes that offer quality of life have more influence in the satisfaction even on a situation of involuntary eviction. The enterprise location was indicated as a determinative aspect for satisfaction because of the availability of public services, urban equipment and job offers. However, questions as condominium layout, maintenance and costs adder can put on risk the gains of the Project. About the condominium management the study verified the maintenance is important for the condominium issues, because it is influenced by both engineering and administrative aspects, it can thus be a matter component in the future. The satisfaction with the maintenance has shown to be an influential element in the satisfaction of the condominium management. On other hand, the satisfaction about the value of condominium taxes is influenced by the dwellers payment capability and not by the service quality itself. It was observed minor default rates than the ones found in the bibliography.
|
Page generated in 0.0501 seconds