Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 7608406 bytes, checksum: 8ace6c23dc0baa460565d6d8e40d67bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The central aim of this thesis was to analyze the process of readjustment of the population of São Sebastião do Soberbo, located in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Escalvado on the basin of Upper river Doce/Minas Gerais, affected by the Candonga Hidroelectric Dam (UHE Candonga) and shifted to the resettlement of Nova Soberbo in mid-2003 and early 2004. It was done with emphasis on the limits, the possibilities and the capabilities of the residents in rebuilding their livelihoods about on the event of displacement and resettlement for the new spatiality. Therefore, the analysis presented was based on a case study in 2012 through archival research, participant observation, a structured questionnaire, a method of oral history and photographic resources. In this context, the study addressed the resettled population in three distinct time frames, namely the arrival of the UHE Candonga to São Sebastião do Soberbo, the process of construction and inauguration of the dam with its social, economic and cultural impacts on the order of everyday life and the social deployments of this event over 9 years in the resettlement. The theoretical axis guided itself with a view towards the interpretation of the phenomenon of hydroelectricity as a social event, which changes the daily lives of those who for the first time are faced with large infrastructure projects arising from the promotion of economic and social developments within society. Furthermore, the theory of the forced displacement and resettlement was tested, advocating various changes and breaks in the trajectory of population groups that undergo changes in their traditional ways of life. In general, resettlements are pointed as promoter of social change that implies the need to restructure the individual, family and community life. This restructuring was analyzed from the perspective of the approach towards the livelihoods and on the theory of human agency that highlight the ability of social actors to process experiences and incurring actions and strategies in an attempt to access the tangible and intangible resources in reinventing the ways of survival. The social deployments that occurred under the conditions offered and structured by the entrepreneur, mainly on the basis of the relationships established between the Consórcio Candonga and the residents of resettlement, implied in the constitution of the category dam-affected people. This finding also suggested a more detailed analysis of this social condition whose existence was triggered by the construction of the dam. Reflections on the case study showed definite changes in the forms of social production and reproduction of the residents; and the resettlement, as a possibility for the reconstruction of everyday life, presented itself as a space that marks impossibilities and difficulties in the reestablishment of the previous social relations and living activities in the fabric of new social references erected in the action and intervention of the Cansórcio Candonga. The reflections also showed the many subjective and emotional damages as a result of the feeling of uprootment caused by the impact of the dam, of the limitations of survival in resettlement and of the failure of the entrepreneur to mitigate and compensate for the various losses occurring in the shift from one place to another. And the resettles, when experience this process, forge new elements in their individual and social condition that constitute themselves as dam- affected people who incurring in the struggle for the recognition of their denied rights. Thus, the implementation of the dam reverberated in a profound process of social transformation for those who still live under the impact of the displacement/resettlement and comes into difficulties in appropriation of the new material and immaterial conditions to ensure social readjustment. / O objetivo central desta dissertação foi analisar o processo de readequação da população de São Sebastião do Soberbo, que vive no município de Santa Cruz do Escalvado, na bacia do Alto do rio Doce/Minas Gerais, atingida pela Usina Hidrelétrica Candonga (UHE Candonga) e que foi deslocada para o reassentamento de Nova Soberbo em meados de 2003 e início de 2004. Para tanto, buscou-se enfatizar os limites, as possibilidades e as capacidades dos moradores em recriar seus meios de vida frente ao acontecimento do deslocamento e do reassentamento para o novo espaço. A análise apresentada baseou-se em um estudo de caso realizado em 2012 com a utilização de pesquisa documental, da observação participante, da aplicação de questionários incluindo questões abertas, da história oral, bem como recursos fotográficos. Neste contexto, a pesquisa abordou os reassentados com base em três temporalidades distintas, a saber, a chegada da UHE Candonga a São Sebastião do Soberbo, o processo de construção e de inauguração da Usina com seus impactos sociais, econômicos e culturais na ordem da vida cotidiana e os desdobramentos sociais deste acontecimento ao longo de 9 anos no reassentamento. O eixo teórico considerou a interpretação do fenômeno da construção da barragem enquanto acontecimento social que altera o cotidiano daqueles que, pela primeira vez, se deparam com grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura que se apresentam como promotores do desenvolvimento econômico e social da sociedade. Utilizou- se também de diferentes abordagens sobre deslocamentos e reassentamentos involuntários que preconizam diversas mudanças e rupturas na trajetória de contingentes populacionais que sofrem alterações nos seus modos de vida tradicionais. Os reassentamentos, em geral, implicam na necessidade de reestruturação da vida individual, familiar e coletiva. Reestruturação esta aqui analisada sob a ótica da abordagem dos meios de vida e sob a teoria da agência humana que destacam a capacidade dos atores sociais de processarem experiências e incorrerem em ações e estratégias na tentativa de acesso a recursos tangíveis e intangíveis na reinvenção das formas de sobrevivência. Os desdobramentos sociais decorrentes das condições oferecidas e estruturadas pelo empreendedor, principalmente, em função das relações estabelecidas com o Consórcio Candonga e a vivência no reassentamento, implicaram na constituição da categoria social atingido por barragem . Esta constatação sugeriu também uma análise mais detalhada desta condição social cuja existência foi desencadeada pela construção da barragem. As reflexões obtidas, a partir deste estudo de caso, apontaram algumas alterações definitivas nas formas de produção e reprodução social dos moradores, e o reassentamento, enquanto possibilidade de reconstrução do cotidiano, apresentou-se como um espaço que marca impossibilidades e dificuldades de reestabelecimentos das anteriores relações sociais e atividades de sustento na tessitura de novas referências sociais erigidas sob a atuação e a intervenção do Consórcio Candonga. Demonstraram, ainda, diversos danos subjetivos e emocionais ocasionados pela sensação de desenraizamento provocados pelo impacto da barragem, pelas limitações de sobrevivência no reassentamento e pelas falhas do empreendedor em mitigar e compensar as diversas perdas ocorridas com a mudança de um lugar a outro. E os reassentados, ao vivenciarem este processo, forjam novos elementos no âmbito da sua condição individual e social constituindo- se em atingidos por barragem que incorrem na luta por reconhecimento de seus direitos denegados. Assim, a implantação da barragem repercutiu em um processo profundo de transformação social para aqueles que ainda vivem sob o impacto do deslocamento/reassentamento e vêm se deparando com dificuldades na apropriação das novas condições materiais e imateriais na garantia da reprodução social.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T12:21:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Jaime Bata - 2018.pdf: 18178453 bytes, checksum: ee3e03c8911158c1501312f8cca52789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T12:23:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Jaime Bata - 2018.pdf: 18178453 bytes, checksum: ee3e03c8911158c1501312f8cca52789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T12:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo Jaime Bata - 2018.pdf: 18178453 bytes, checksum: ee3e03c8911158c1501312f8cca52789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In Moatize, extraction of coal is an ancient activity, dating back to the early 19th century. Its development occurred concomitant consolidation of Moatize, primarily focus on coal mining in Mozambique. In fact, the coal basin of Moatize is the subject of research and mineral exploration, since the period of effective occupation. With independence and the process of building the State, mostly from the early 1990, the mining goes on to be one of the key sectors for the development of the country; Hence, all the conditions have been created for its growth. The new phase of coal extraction process that accompanied the changes underway in the world, especially since the 1970, have repercussions on the social structure, since the insertion of the capital involved arrangements of all kinds. In Moatize, the implementation of megaprojects demanded the space refunctionalization to meet the demands of the productive capital, a process that culminated with the compulsory displacement of the population. In this context, the research sought to understand the spatial effects of megaprojects of coal extraction in Moatize, from its contradictions, regarding the forms of spatial organization, in order to meet its needs. The proposition of this thesis is that there is a new geopolitical strategy that seeks to shift production, concentrated in Europe to New Territories, rich in natural resources, with tax incentives, weak labor and environmental legislation on the rights humans. This process strengthens the productive restructuring of capital and is characterized by the performance of large transnational corporations. Internally, this process relies on the actions of the State, creating the (legal, institutional and ideological) conditions to check rationality and visibility to megaprojects. So, considering the space as a system of systems and dialectical and historical materialism, as a method of research and interpretation of the phenomena; the qualitative research, secondary data collection, as well as field research, enabled the understanding of current arrangements in Moatize, as well as its effects on the spatial structure. With the implementation of megaprojects in Moatize, in addition to the pressure on State institutions to organize themselves, on the basis of these, there were also environmental degradation and, especially, the social disorganization – as a result of compulsory displacement and destruction of livelihoods. Thereby, the curtailment of collective goods, the difficulties of regular access to food in the resettlement, particularly, in Mwaladzi, the lack of land for production, lack of work, as well as the increased morbidity and mortality, are aspects that lead to the impoverishment of the resettled and exacerbate socio-environmental conflicts. In the meantime, the integration of megaprojects generated insignificant advantages for the local communities; However, this integration created and/or strengthened a small bourgeoisie connected to national political power – the capital partners. / Em Moatize, a extração do carvão mineral é uma atividade antiga, que remonta ao início do século XIX. Seu desenvolvimento ocorreu concomitante à consolidação de Moatize, como principal foco da mineração do carvão em Moçambique. De fato, a bacia carbonífera de Moatize é objeto de pesquisa e exploração mineral, desde o período da ocupação efetiva colonial. Com a independência e o processo de edificação do Estado, principalmente, a partir da década de 1990, a mineração passa a constituir um dos setores chave para o desenvolvimento do país; daí que foram criadas todas as condições para o seu crescimento. A nova fase da extração do carvão mineral, processo que acompanhou as mudanças em curso em nível mundial, sobretudo, desde a década de 1970, tem repercussão sobre a estrutura espacial (social), visto que a inserção do capital implicou arranjos de toda a ordem. Em Moatize, a implantação dos megaprojetos demandou a refuncionalização do espaço para atender as demandas produtivas do capital, processo que culminou com o deslocamento compulsório da população. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa buscou compreender os efeitos espaciais dos megaprojetos de extração do carvão mineral em Moatize, a partir de suas contradições, no que tange às formas de organização espacial, com vista a atender suas necessidades produtivas. A tese defendida é de que há uma nova estratégia geopolítica que busca deslocar a produção, até então, concentrada na Europa para novos territórios, ricos em recursos naturais, com incentivos fiscais, com fraca legislação ambiental, trabalhista e sobre os direitos humanos. Tal processo se fortalece com a reestruturação produtiva do capital e é caracterizado pela atuação das grandes corporações transnacionais. Internamente, esse processo conta com a atuação do Estado, criando as condições (legais, institucionais e ideológicas) para conferir racionalidade e visibilidade aos megaprojetos. Assim, considerando o espaço como um sistema de sistemas e o materialismo histórico e dialético, como método de pesquisa e de interpretação dos fenômenos; a pesquisa qualitativa, o levantamento de dados secundários, bem como a pesquisa de campo, possibilitou a compreensão dos arranjos em curso em Moatize, assim como dos seus efeitos sobre a estrutura espacial. Com a implantação dos megaprojetos em Moatize, além da pressão sobre as instituições do Estado que passaram a organizar-se, em função desses, houve, também, a degradação ambiental e, sobretudo, a desestruturação social - fruto do deslocamento compulsório e da destruição dos meios de subsistência. Desse modo, o cerceamento de bens coletivos, as dificuldades de acesso regular aos alimentos nos reassentamentos, principalmente, em Mwaladzi, a falta de terra propícia para a produção, a falta de trabalho, bem como o aumento morbidade e da mortalidade, são aspectos que conduzem ao empobrecimento dos reassentados e exacerbam os conflitos socioambientais. Paralelamente, a inserção dos megaprojetos gerou insignificantes vantagens para as comunidades locais; porém, criou e/ou fortaleceu uma pequena burguesia ligada ao poder político nacional - os parceiros do capital.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-06T15:17:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertacao completa.pdf: 3293296 bytes, checksum: 1b9f1d58eade773b52b46620efbffe60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T15:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertacao completa.pdf: 3293296 bytes, checksum: 1b9f1d58eade773b52b46620efbffe60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / CAPES / A água sempre foi um elemento natural de grande cobiça na sociedade. Por ser abundante na natureza, mas desigualmente distribuído sempre foi motivo de grandes conflitos de interesses. Este trabalho de mestrado tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma discussão sobre os conflitos ocasionados pela distribuição e uso da água tanto na esfera global quanto local, tendo como foco principal os problemas enfrentados pela sociedade, pelo poder público e pelas organizações da sociedade civil do destino, das águas da bacia hidrográfica do rio São Francisco. Nas regiões brasileiras, grande parte das cidades cresceu de forma exacerbada e desordenada, sem compatibilizar a dimensão do crescimento urbano com a dimensão ambiental, resultando na ocupação irregular das margens fluviais, ocasionado a poluição e degradação das águas dos rios. Esses aspectos, dos rios brasileiros, faz-nos refletir sobre a gestão das águas das bacias hidrográficas do país que corresponde à unidade territorial de planejamento, tangenciando para os territórios municipais que a constitui, dessa forma, a gestão precisa envolver o diálogo entre as unidades municipais que partilham suas águas, através da hidropolítica. Nessa perspectiva, o tema hidropolítica foi escolhido como sendo centralizador deste estudo pela busca de entender de que forma é realizada a distribuição e gestão das águas compartilhadas da bacia do São Francisco. Para definição do objeto de estudo optou-se pelos perímetros irrigados de Apolônio Sales e Icó Mandantes localizados no município de Petrolândia no submédio do rio São Francisco. A metodologia utilizada se aportou na aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, entrevistas e de observação, na análise empírica como ponte de investigação e da participação da sociedade, definido pelos moradores, gestores, agricultores e produtores rurais localizados no município de Petrolândia e que se utilizam diretamente da água para os diversos fins. Os resultados apontaram que desde a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Luiz Gonzaga a água passou a ser um elemento de conflito nos perímetros irrigados, onde a hidropolítica, se apresenta fragmentada e precária, devido à falta de cooperação e ações dos municípios banhados pelo rio São Francisco. Foi verificado que a distribuição de água nos lotes irrigados ainda é precária e dessa forma existe um atrito entre a sociedade que recebe a água e entre a que distribui. Ficou evidente que na bacia do São Francisco existe uma crise hídrica que vai além dos fatores naturais onde a gestão da água ainda é feita de forma lenta demandando uma atenção especial na forma de como é realizado a distribuição e uso da água e sua inclusão como elemento primordial para a vida. / Water has always been a natural element of a great greed dispute in society. It is abundant in nature, but as poorly distributed, a matter of great conflicts of interest. This master dissertation aims to present a discussion about conflicts caused by the water use and distribution both at global and local levels, focusing mainly on the problems faced by society, government and society organizations regarding the waters of the São Francisco's river basin. In Brazilian regions, most cities grew in an exacerbated and disorderly manner without the match between scale of urban growth and the environmental dimension, resulting in irregular occupation of river banks, which causes pollution and degradation of river waters. These aspects of the Brazilian rivers, makes us reflect on the water management of river basins that corresponds to the planning's territorial unit, tangentially to the municipal territory that constitutes. Therefore, the management needs to involve dialogue between municipal units that share its waters through Hydropolitics. In this perspective, the theme Hydropolitics was chosen as centralizer of this study by the quest to understand how is carried out the distribution and management of shared waters of the São Francisco's basin. To defining object of study, the irrigated perimeters of Apollonius Sales and Ico Mandantes were chosen, located in the municipality of Petrolândia, in the São Francisco's river sub-middle part. The methodology used is the application of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field observation, thus the empirical analysis to bridge research and the participation of society, defined by the residents, managers, general farmers and farmers located in Petrolândia municipality that directly use water for various purposes. The results showed that since the construction of the hydroelectric plant Luiz Gonzaga water has become a source of conflict in the irrigated areas, where Hydropolitics appears fragmented and precarious due to the lack of cooperation and actions of municipalities bordering the San Francisco River. It was found that the distribution of water in irrigated plots is still poor and thus there is a friction between the people that receives water and the people which distributes. It was evident that in the San Francisco's basin there is a water crisis that goes beyond natural factors where water management is still done slowly, requiring special attention, as it carries out the distribution and use of water and its inclusion as an essential part of life.

Esta tese desenvolve um estudo teórico a respeito do instrumento do reassentamento em políticas públicas urbanas sob o ponto de vista de sua abordagem aos conceitos de capital social e das redes sociais. Dessa forma, a pesquisa procura realizar uma ampla análise bibliográfica sobre estes elementos enquanto conceito: reassentamento, capital social e redes sociais. Em seguida procura utilizar essa plataforma conceitual para propor uma base de indicadores com o objetivo de se obter uma modelo de análise de políticas públicas urbanas, particularmente políticas de habitação, em seu aspecto da sua eficácia enquanto promotoras de desenvolvimento ao invés de meros provedores de abrigo. A base de indicadores é aplicada a três estudos de caso concretos: O Programa Guarapiranga, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, o Programa Favela-Bairro, no Rio de Janeiro e o Programa de Obras con Participación Ciudadana de Bogotá, Colômbia. / This thesis develops a theoretical study regarding the instrument of the resettlement in urban public politics under the point of view of its boarding to the concepts of social capital and social networks. Therefore, the research looks for carrying through an ample bibliographical analysis on these elements as concepts: resettlement, social capital and social networks. After that it looks for using this conceptual platform to consider a base of indicators with the objective of getting an analysis model of urban public policies, particularly housing policies, in its aspect of effectiveness while promotional of development instead of mere suppliers of shelter. The base of indicators is applied to three concrete case studies: The Guarapiranga Program, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the Program Favela-Bairro, in Rio de Janeiro and the Programa de Obras con Participación Ciudadana of Bogota, Colombia.

MRDV / Institute for Rural Development / Two decades after the “Fast Track” land resettlement in Zimbabwe, little is known about the sustainability of livelihoods of households that benefited from the programme. “Fast Track” refers to the accelerated land resettlement which started in 2000 in Zimbabwe. The government of Zimbabwe argues that it introduced it as an intervention strategy to enhance the livelihoods of marginalised indigenous people. However, the nature of the fast track land resettlement has been met with considerable criticism. An exploratory study that sought to assess the sustainability of livelihoods through obtaining the perspectives of men, women and youth in fast track resettlement areas of Shamva District was carried out. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interview guides were used to obtain the perceptions. The attempt to understand the sustainability of livelihoods involved determining the perceived (a) major features of sustainable livelihoods, (b) criteria for assessing sustainability of livelihoods, and (c) livelihood strategies adopted. Data were coded and analysed using Atlas-it version 7.5 software. Dependability of livelihoods, ability to recover from stress, extent to which livelihoods conserved the environment, ease with which livelihoods were interchanged and ability to close the gap between rich and poor members of society were the perceived features of sustainable livelihoods. Criteria for assessing the sustainability of livelihoods included the ability of livelihoods to contribute to development, provide a stable flow of income, promotion of social development, potential for growth and ability to conserve the environment. Petty trading, agricultural intensification, self-employment and community savings were the main livelihood strategies pursued in the fast track resettlement areas of Shamva District. Inherent challenges that inhibited the sustainability of livelihoods were cited as lack of infrastructure, poor markets for agricultural products and poor communication. The use of participatory research was crucial in co-creation of knowledge with the resettled farmers. The information generated is useful for crafting empowerment strategies in the fast track resettled farming communities. / NRF

Government authority can, for public benefit purpose, take private ownership of land by compulsory purchase. Primary aim of this study is how to protect private land owners rights in spite of governments power of acquiring land. Bangladesh, as for details study, is a most densely populated country in the World. International best standards of practicing guidelines by FAO-UN, FIG and WB as well as other countries practice have reviewed from different perspectives. From theory, early stage negotiations, market value of property plus other damages, opportunity of involvement of all parties, protection of agricultural land , removal services all of those are the thorny of legal challenges to adopt into a new legislation in Bangladesh. Empirically, field study has conducted by way of interviewing from selected different projects in Bangladesh including largest project Padma Multiple Bridge. Huge destitute of land, unplanned city expansion, unsustainable development of infrastructure and environmental damage are remained as significant issues of sustainable development of land management. Analysis shows that Bangladesh has been losing 1% of agriculture land which related to the national employment and food production. 100% of the affected people wants to resettlement by the authority. There is clearly misusing of legal rights by the government authority: firstly, by using inequitable Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982; no protection has been giving for religious place and graveyard under Antiquities Act, and Article 42(2) of Constitution also imposing unfair curtailment of rights for getting fair compensation. Finally, some recommendations have given for enacting a new legislation including planning permission, extended notice period, public meeting and review, agricultural land exempted, resettlement, valuation by valuers, in time compensation payment and right to Appeal.

Cambodia is a country undergoing a major urbanization. The capital - Phnom Penh is growing rapidly, with numerous development projects. The city also has a large proportion of informal low-income settlers, squatting on private or public land.It is unavoidable that in this context many land related conflicts occur. The conflicts are most commonly solved through resettlement of the informal dwellers by allocating a land plot in one of relocation sites in the outskirts of Phnom Penh. However, many of the resettled families choose or are forced to sell their rights to the land. This thesis will explore the post-resettlement land transactions and tenure insecurity in PhnomPenh. Using a field study focused on one of the resettlement sites as a base, it will look into the reasons behind the emergence of the post resettlement land transactions, their mechanisms and subsequent displacement. The information obtained through interviews and surveys will point out the weaknesses in the current resettlement practice. The findings of this thesis will be used to make recommendations, which should be applied in the process of developing a comprehensive resettlement and poverty alleviation plan for Phnom Penh.

This Master’s thesis uses the Indochinese Refugee Foundation of Lowell, Massachusetts, a federally funded social service provider, as a case study in the local politics of Southeast Asian refugee resettlement. I argue that the Foundation’s archives offered an opportunity to study the local implementation of the “economic self-sufficiency” mandate of the 1980 Refugee Act, which led the Foundation to increasingly scramble to get refugees off of the welfare rolls and in the labor market as quickly as possible. I conclude that this served to push refugees into low-wage, unskilled, insecure positions such as electronics assembly, and also led to an institutionalized neglect of the broad range of services refugees required. This neglect had a hand in creating the very poverty the Act originally sought to prevent. The archive also offered the opportunity to highlight two unexpected ways that Cold War militarism reshaped urban landscapes. First, the demography and culture of Lowell were profoundly reshaped by refugees resettled partly as a result of American Cold War foreign policy in Southeast Asia. Second, the expansion of Defense Department funded high-technology temporarily revitalized the city’s economic base and drew refugees to the city with the promise of employment.

International migration flows and patterns shaped by the determinants, processes and outcomes of social, political, and economic conditions have led to important transformation of society and human geographies. As Canada continues to effectively manage its immigration system and uphold its commitment to international refugee protection and resettlement, it is critical for Canada to do so with an understanding of the changing context of immigration, which are reinforced by shifting policies and their impact, in our contemporary society. In this thesis, the migration trajectory of three groups of newcomers to Canada; international students, Syrian refugees, and refugee youth, are explored by examining policies and conditions that can create group risks and vulnerabilities in immigration, settlement, and integration as groups transition to life in Canada after arrival. As suggested by Castle (2010) migration researchers can advance the field by embedding their work in broader theories of social change to facilitate understanding of the complexity, interconnectedness, variability, contextuality, and multi-mediation of migratory process in the context of rapid change. This thesis employs a geographical lens of place to deepen understanding of processes and outcomes in our contemporary society, while responding to these evolving contexts in one mid-size, post-industrial Canadian city. In three separate research, this thesis examines: 1) economic immigration flow under Express Entry in 2015 and 2016; 2) the role of the voluntary sector during the Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative in Hamilton, Ontario in 2016; and 3) the place of school-based settlement in bridging and brokering school-based mental health for newcomer youth. / Thesis / Doctor of Science (PhD) / As Canada continues to effectively manage its immigration system and uphold its commitment to international refugee protection and resettlement, it is critical for Canada to do so with an understanding of the changing context of immigration in our contemporary society. In this thesis, I examine the migration trajectory of three groups of newcomers to Canada; international students, Syrian refugees, and refugee youth, by asking two overarching research questions that explores policies and conditions that can create group risks and vulnerabilities in immigration, settlement, and integration. This thesis seeks to understand how policies could be addressed to improve successful outcome for newcomers. This thesis employs a geographical lens of place to deepen understanding of processes and outcomes in our contemporary society, while responding to these evolving contexts in one mid-size, post-industrial Canadian city.

No description available.