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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Právo na respektování soukromého a rodinného života / The right to respect for private and family life

Fremrová, Jolana January 2012 (has links)
The right to respect for private and family life Abstract The diploma thesis focuses on the notion of the right to respect for private and family life in the light of the Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Its aim is to compile a specification of the notion, while using the significant relevant judgments of the European Court of Human Rights or the former European Commission of Human Rights. Despite the fact, that the Convention is perceived as a "living instrument" and the exhaustive definition of the rights and freedoms included is not fixed and not even possible to set, the thesis targets to assemble the mosaic of individual partial aspects, which may, under certain conditions, enjoy the protection under Article 8 of the Convention. The protection of the privacy of an individual is a topic, which is extremely actual and it is probable that its importance is going to even more rapidly increase in the next years. Since the notion of the right to respect for private and family life is a very broad concept and the extent of the diploma thesis is not capable to deal it in a whole range, I have chosen its environmental aspects as a major interest of the thesis. In spite of the fact that the Convention includes no right to a decent environment, the Court has...
2

O PRINCÍPIO DA PROIBIÇÃO DO RETROCESSO AMBIENTAL.

Câmara, Beliza Martins Pinheiro 25 August 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BELIZA MARTINS PINHEIRO CAMARA.pdf: 867402 bytes, checksum: 319ff89c13dce1d986d2ece60cb3d3b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / The environment ecologically balanced is a fundamental human right, essential to quality of life. There are numerous international human rights treaties and environmental law that establish a parallel between them, guarding them in supporting the community. As a border perennial and sensitive its characteristic and protect the common heritage of humanity, the right to environment requires a progressive and community responsibility protection. The objective of this work is showing the meaning of the principle of prohibition of environmental setback in international environmental law and our legal system for the protection of the progress made both in international treaties and conventions, and in the legislative arena in the environmental field, ensuring the right to a healthy and balanced environment for present and future generations. The method used was the hypothetical-deductive, with the qualitative approach to the problem, starting from the most general to the specific concepts through literature (books, magazines, articles and internet) instituting a correlation between the presenting problem and purpose of this study. The prohibition of retrogression is found on some instruments to which Brazil is a signatory. It is a principle that can be applied as a source of environmental law, as a jus cogens, of equipment recognized hierarchy, allowing greater protection of their values over others. The analysis results permit to conclude the consecration of the right to the environment as a fundamental constitutional right , human right , and the degradation or reverse its protection endanger the right to life , not being allowed to delete or decrease the levels achieved to date. / O meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado é um direito humano fundamental, essencial à qualidade de vida. Existem vários tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e direito ambiental que aparam o meio ambiente, protegendo-o em prol da coletividade. Na qualidade de transfronteiriço, por sua característica perene e sensível e por tutelar patrimônio comum da humanidade, o direito ao meio ambiente requer uma proteção progressiva e de responsabilidade comunitária. O objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar a importância do princípio da proibição do retrocesso ambiental no direito ambiental internacional e em nosso ordenamento jurídico, para a proteção dos avanços alcançados tanto nos tratados e convenções internacionais, quanto na esfera legislativa em matéria ambiental, garantindo o direito ao meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado, para as presentes e futuras gerações. O método utilizado foi o hipotéticodedutivo, com a abordagem qualitativa do problema, partindo-se de conceitos mais gerais até os específicos, através de pesquisa bibliográfica (periódicos, livros, revistas, artigos e páginas da internet) estabelecendo uma correlação entre o problema apresentado e objetivo desse estudo. A proibição do retrocesso é encontrada em alguns instrumentos dos quais o Brasil é signatário. É um princípio que pode ser aplicado como fonte do direito do ambiental, por ser um jus cogens, de hierarquia material reconhecida, possibilitando maior proteção de seus valores em detrimento de outros. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitaram concluir a consagração do direito ao meio ambiente como direito constitucional fundamental, direito humano, e a degradação ou retrocesso de sua proteção colocam em risco o direito à vida, não sendo permitido suprimir ou diminuir os patamares alcançados até o presente momento.
3

Direito fundamental ao meio ambiente e pagamento por serviços ambientais: do dever ao incentivo de preservar a biodiversidade

Ferreira, João Paulo Schwandner 22 October 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Paulo Schwandner Ferreira.pdf: 873036 bytes, checksum: c3abd6244c5f40cb0decc12b1754f4dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-22 / The present research aims to propose an analysis of The Payment for Environment Services from the point of view of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment and the fundamental obligations related to it; more specifically, the obligation to preserve Nature/ Biodiversity. These obligations rely on Individuals, but are profited by the whole society, and impose on them a series of tasks for the environment and for future generations. Ecosystems provide a range of services to Humanity, which are essential for its production and for the development of Humankind. A number of programs have emerged aiming to identify these services; to create mechanisms to integrate them in the economic system and to reward those involved. The proposed analysis deals with the conflict, so to speak, between the urgency to meet tax obligations and the mechanisms of incentives to pay for them. In the process of verifying its constitutionality, a rights and obligations match was taken for granted and classified as a legal principle. The question which was intended to be answered is whether PSA initiatives are constitutional as a mechanism of incentive which aims to meet the fundamental obligation of preserving the Biodiversity / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma análise do Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais a partir da abordagem de aspectos do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e de deveres fundamentais associados, especificamente, o dever de preservar a biodiversidade. Esses deveres obrigam os particulares em relação a toda a sociedade e impõe uma série de tarefas para com o meio ambiente e as futuras gerações. Os ecossistemas prestam uma série de serviços para a humanidade, essenciais para a produção e para o desenvolvimento da vida humana. Uma série de programas tem surgido com o objetivo de identificar esses serviços, criar mecanismos para sua integração ao sistema econômico e remunerar aqueles que contribuem para a sua produção. A análise partiu do conflito, em tese, entre o imperativo de se cumprir deveres fundamentais e mecanismos de incentivos destinados ao cumprimento desses deveres. No processo de verificação da constitucionalidade, tomou-se como pressuposto a equiparação teórica entre deveres e direitos, na classificação de ambos como princípio jurídico. A questão que se pretendeu responder é se são constitucionais as iniciativas de PSA, sob o prisma de mecanismo de incentivo para o cumprimento do dever fundamental de proteger a biodiversidade
4

O crescimento desordenado das cidades sobre áreas de proteção ambiental: o princípio da boa-fé e a proteção ao direito de moradia / The overcrowded cities on environmental protection areas: the principle of good faith and the protection of housing rights

Reis, João Emílio de Assis 14 August 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Emilio de Assis Reis.pdf: 1132350 bytes, checksum: 2adda60acc8c86774d90cd9299b4085c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / This study analyzes the conflict between the fundamental right to housing and the fundamental right to the environment, in the case of illegal occupation of Environmental Protection Areas under the principle of good faith applied in relations between the state and citizens. The intense urban growth occurred in the world from the twentieth century has provoked numerous socioeconomic and territorial changes in the country and huge problems. The expansion of cities, especially in developing countries like Brazil is even worse, given the fact that combine intensive urbanization, environmental degradation, with a historical formation characterized by economic inequality and inefficiency of the government. One of the effects of urban growth at this juncture is the housing deficit that forces people to seek alternatives for housing, which too often end up breaking the law, degrade the environment, and often endanger their own lives. In this context, it is common to invasion or irregular land subdivision in environmentally protected areas, which are of limited use, such as Permanent Preservation Areas, which creates a relevant social problem to be solved. It analyzes first the formation of the housing problem scenario, considering the historical formation of Brazilian cities, the urban property and public housing policy. The following is based on an analysis of the evolution of the incorporation of the housing and protection of the environment to the law as rights, analyzes the presence of both as fundamental rights in the Constitution of 1988, seeks to present the principle of good faith, as a constitutional rule of law reputable protect occupants populations of Protected Areas in consolidated situation, due to the confidence of the protection of the need - here meaning legal certainty and predictability in the government's performance - in state relations versus citizens. Studies the principle of good faith from its core in private law, analyzing its development and evolution in the Brazilian public law, to then apply it specifically in the case of irregularly occupied Permanent Preservation Areas, trying to analyze both the possibility of removal of these populations as the regularization of these occupations, based on the technique of balance between fundamental rights / O presente trabalho busca analisar o conflito entre o direito fundamental à moradia e o direito fundamental ao meio ambiente, no caso específico das ocupações irregulares de Áreas de Proteção Ambiental à luz do princípio da boa-fé aplicado nas relações entre Estado e cidadãos. O intenso crescimento urbano ocorrido no mundo a partir do século XX tem provocado inúmeras mudanças socioeconômicas e territoriais no país e enormes problemas. A expansão das cidades, em especial em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil é ainda pior, dada a circunstância de aliar urbanização intensiva, degradação ambiental, com uma formação histórica caracterizada por desigualdades econômicas e ineficiência do Poder Público. Um dos efeitos do crescimento urbano nessa conjuntura é o déficit habitacional que obriga a população a buscar alternativas para moradia, que muito frequentemente terminam por infringir a lei, degradar o meio ambiente, e muitas vezes colocam em risco a própria vida das pessoas. Nesse contexto, é comum a invasão ou o parcelamento irregular do solo em áreas ambientalmente protegidas, que são de uso restrito, como as Áreas de Preservação Permanente, o que cria um problema social relevante a ser resolvido. Analisa-se inicialmente a formação do cenário do problema habitacional, considerando a formação histórica das cidades brasileiras, da propriedade urbana e das política publicas de habitação. A seguir, partindo da análise da evolução da incorporação da tutela da moradia e do ambiente ao ordenamento jurídico como direitos, analisa a presença de ambas como direitos fundamentais na Constituição de 1988, busca apresentar o princípio da boa-fé, como norma jurídica constitucional idônea a proteger as populações ocupantes de Áreas Protegidas em situação consolidada, em razão da necessidade da proteção da confiança aqui significando segurança jurídica e a previsibilidade na atuação do poder público nas relações Estado versus cidadãos. Estuda-se o princípio da boa-fé a partir de seu cerne no direito privado, analisando-se sua incorporação e evolução no direito público brasileiro, para a seguir aplica-lo especificamente no caso das Áreas de Preservação Permanente irregularmente ocupadas, buscando analisar tanto a possibilidade de remoção dessas populações como a de regularização dessas ocupações, tendo por base a técnica da ponderação entre direitos fundamentais
5

Europos Žmogaus Teisių Konvencijos 8 straipsnio taikymo ypatumai ginant pažeistas teises su aplinka susijusiose bylose / The peculiarities of application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights while defending infringed rights in environment-related cases

Čekanauskaitė, Laima 24 January 2012 (has links)
1950 m. visuotinis aplinkos apsaugos poreikis dar nebuvo akivaizdus, todėl teisė į aplinką nebuvo paminėta Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos Konvencijoje. Dėl aplinkos taršos iškilo asmenų teisės į aplinką problema ir šios teisės gynimo būtinybė. Dėl šios priežasties galima teigti, kad Europos žmogaus Teisių Teismo praktikos vaidmuo aiškinant teises, įtrauktas į EŽTK, šiomis dienomis yra labai svarbus spendžiant aplinkos problemas žmogaus teisių kontekste. Teismas interpretuoja aplinkos teises kitų teisių, esančių EŽTK, pagrindu, įskaitant teisę į privatų ir šeimos gyvenimą. Kadangi tam tikra rimta žala aplinkai gali pažeisti ir asmenų teises, ypač teisę į privatumą ir būsto neliečiamumą, šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama EŽTK 8 straipsnio taikymo su aplinka susijusiose bylose problema. Magistriniame darbe siekiama išnagrinėti svarbiausius EŽTK 8 str. taikymo ginant pažeistas žmonių teises su aplinka susijusiose bylose ypatumus Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo jurisprudencijoje, ir šio straipsnio taikymą bei aiškinimą Lietuvos teismuose. Todėl yra analizuojami teismų sprendimai, susiję su aplinkos teisių pažeidimais, kylančiais dėl aplinkos būklės blogėjimo. Darbe nagrinėjamos Konvencijos 8 straipsnio taikymo sąlygos su aplinka susijusiose bylose. Jos yra dvi: ryšys tarp pažeidimo ir valstybės bei rimta tiesioginė žala, pasiekianti minimalų sunkumo lygį. Taip pat analizuojami šio straipsnio taikymo ypatumai. Pagrindiniai ypatumai yra susiję... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the 1950s, the universal need for environmental protection was not yet apparent, therefore there was no mention of right to environment in the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Due to pollution of natural environment, there arise an important problem of the human right to environment and the necessity of the protection of this right. For this reason it is possible to state that the role of the European Court of Human Rights practice and its interpretation of the rights, included in the ECHR, to respond environmental concerns within the context of human rights is especially relevant nowadays. Court interprets the environmental rights on the basis of other rights, which are included in the ECHR, including the right to private and family life. Since some serious damage to the environment may violate the rights of individuals and, in particular their right to privacy and the inviolability of home, in this master's final work a problem of the application of Article 8 ECHR in environment-related cases is examined. Master's Work seeks to examine the most important specificities of application of Article 8 of the ECHR in defending violated human rights in environment-related cases in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the application and interpretation of this Article in the courts of Lithuania. Therefore the judgments, related to interference in individual rights derived from environmental degradation, are analyzed. It examines... [to full text]
6

Direito ao meio ambiente e proibição do retrocesso

Mello, Paula Susanna Amaral 28 June 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Susanna Amaral Mello.pdf: 616800 bytes, checksum: 1bc482b305a8c626e534aef7d8864cc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / This paper aims at analyzing the fundamental right to integrity of the environment and obligations relating thereto in order to subsequently review the prohibition of environmental retrogression and limits thereof. The purpose of this paper is to contribute for the comprehension of the concept on prohibition of environmental retrogression, its scope and limits, avoiding vulgarization of the subject. Based on sound researches carried out on jurisprudence and case laws, this paper critically analyzes some of the key controversies involving prohibition of retrogression. A detailed study is conducted on fundamental rights theories, structure and applicability of such rights and obligations related thereto in order to finally choose the theoretical basis that best describes the national legal system reality. The environmental constitutional rule is classified as a principle and based on that conclusions are made on the relativity of its essential contend and of the ecological existential minimum. The origin and concept of the prohibition of environmental retrogression is deeply analyzed with emphasis on social rights, in which the doctrine acquired its more famous outline in order to critically analyze the approach the jurisprudence and case law have given to the matter in the environmental sphere. The conclusion is that the doctrine needs to be properly conceptualized in the environmental sphere, pointing out the nature of the prohibition of environmental retrogression as a legal limitation present in the third sub-rule of proportionality. The prohibition of environmental retrogression limits are analyzed in concrete cases / Este trabalho tem por objeto analisar o direito fundamental à integridade do meio ambiente e os deveres associados para, em seguida, examinar a proibição do retrocesso ambiental e seus limites. O intuito do trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão do conceito de proibição do retrocesso ambiental, de sua abrangência e limites, evitando a vulgarização do tema. Baseado em sólida pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, o trabalho examina de forma crítica algumas das principais polêmicas que contornam a proibição do retrocesso. Estudam-se, de forma detalhada, teorias dos direitos fundamentais, estrutura e aplicabilidade de tais direitos e deveres associados para, ao final, optar-se pela base teórica que melhor condiz com a realidade do ordenamento jurídico nacional. Classifica-se a norma constitucional ambiental como princípio e a partir daí seguem conclusões sobre a relatividade de seu conteúdo essencial e do mínimo existencial ecológico. Analisamse minuciosamente a origem e o conceito de proibição do retrocesso ambiental com enfoque nos direitos sociais, em que o instituto ganhou seus mais conhecidos contornos para, em seguida, criticamente avaliar a abordagem que doutrina e jurisprudência têm dado ao tema na esfera ambiental. Conclui-se pela necessidade da adequada conceituação do instituto na esfera ambiental, apontando a natureza da proibição do retrocesso ambiental como limitação jurídica presente na terceira sub-regra da proporcionalidade. Avaliam-se os limites da proibição do retrocesso ambiental em casos concretos
7

Le droit au développement : perspectives à partir du droit international de l'environnement / The right to development : perspectives from international environmental law

Toutaou, Mohamed 20 December 2013 (has links)
Le droit au développement est lié à l’idéologie du développement ; à bien des égards il apparaît comme une revendication d’un nouvel ordre juridique international. Cependant face aux nouveaux défis mondiaux portés par le droit international de l’environnement, le droit au développement voit ses fondements remis en question et peu à peu dominés par le concept de développement durable. Il est alors nourri par les nouvelles perspectives apportées par le droit à un environnement sain, en lien avec les enjeux éthiques portés par les droits de l’homme. La cohérence des politiques de développement ne peut être réalisée sans considération pour les droits humains et donc sans prise en considération de ses conditions de vie environnementales. Pour atteindre les objectifs d’une société internationale équitable, il faut redonner une priorité aux droits fondamentaux au sein même de la démarche de développement durable. La prise de conscience tardive des risques pesant sur l’environnement a conduit à faire peser des menaces sur la sécurité internationale et il est donc à présent nécessaire de repenser le droit au développement par rapport à la question, émergente sur la scène internationale, de la sécurité environnementale. Une nouvelle architecture de gouvernance environnementale internationale apparaît comme indispensable pour la réalisation du droit au développement et pour offrir plus largement d’autres perspectives de développement au-delà d’une approche strictement économique. Une réflexion institutionnelle menée sur la création d’une organisation mondiale de l’environnement permet d’envisager un ordre public écologique international construit dans une démarche collective plus solidaire et cohérente par rapport aux réalités écologiques, économiques et sociales. / The right to development is linked to the ideology of development and appears as a claiming of a new international legal order. But, facing new global stakes raised by international environmental law, the right to development sees its foundations questioned and little by little demined, by the concept of sustainable development. It is then fed by the new perspectives brought by the right to a healthy environment in connection with the ethical stakes carried by human rights. The coherence of development policies cannot be realized without taking into consideration human rights and thus without taking into consideration its environmental living conditions. To reach the goals of a fair international company, it is necessary to restore a priority in the fundamental rights within the approach of sustainable development. The late awareness of the risks pressing on the environment led to make press threats on the international security and it is necessary thus at the moment to rethink the right for the development with regard to the emergent question on the international scene of the environmental security. New architecture of international environmental governance appears as essential for the realization of the right to development and to offer more widely other perspectives of development beyond a strictly economic approach. An institutional reflection led on the creation of a world environmental organization allows to envisage an international ecological order built in a more united and more coherent joint representation with regard to the ecological, economic and social realities.

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