Submitted by ALEX BORGES (borges-alex@ig.com.br) on 2015-01-26T13:29:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borges 13-01-2015.pdf: 1929398 bytes, checksum: dbd7aac2a009e3828da25524480f83fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-02-03T18:33:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borges 13-01-2015.pdf: 1929398 bytes, checksum: dbd7aac2a009e3828da25524480f83fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-02-05T11:36:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borges 13-01-2015.pdf: 1929398 bytes, checksum: dbd7aac2a009e3828da25524480f83fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T11:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borges 13-01-2015.pdf: 1929398 bytes, checksum: dbd7aac2a009e3828da25524480f83fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The increase in the number of natural disasters, as well as their social and economic effects, in recent years, has raised a larger collection, by the media, population and control organs, in the members of the Civil Defense system on the reduction of their effects on society, given that the same has been increasingly overwhelming. To this end, the research analyzes the screen because of the Civil Defense system, historically, have focused their actions, programs and public policies on disaster management, i.e. in the response and recovery at the expense of disaster risk management, i.e. on prevention, preparedness and mitigation of the same, given that the same cannot be avoided, but its effects Yes decreased.This arrangement is studied from the literature review, interviews and field visits. Thus, it was found that the resposabilização ratio and Reduction of risk of disasters that the higher the enforcement and accountability greater and consistent are the number of actions, programmes and public policies aimed at prevention, preparedness and mitigation, i.e. for disaster risk reduction management. / O aumento do número de desastres naturais, bem como dos seus efeitos sociais e econômicos, nos últimos anos, tem ocasionado uma cobrança maior, por parte da mídia, população e órgãos de controle, nos integrantes do sistema de Defesa Civil quanto à redução dos seus efeitos na sociedade, dado que os mesmos têm sido cada vez mais avassaladores. A presente pesquisa faz uma análise endógena do sistema de Defesa Civil no estado do RJ sob a ótica das Ciências Política no período de 2012-2014, dado a promulgação da Lei n0 12.608 de 10 de abril de 2011. Para tal, a pesquisa em tela analisa o porquê do sistema de Defesa Civil, historicamente, ter focado as suas ações, programas e políticas públicas na gestão dos desastres. Isso é, na resposta e recuperação em detrimento da gestão do risco de desastre, ou seja, na prevenção, preparação e mitigação dos mesmos, vez que o mesmo não pode ser evitado, mas os seus efeitos sim minorados. Este arranjo é estudado a partir de revisão da literatura, de entrevistas e de visitas de campo. Assim, verificou-se que na relação responsabilização e Redução de Risco de Desastres quanto maior o enforcement e a accountability maiores e consistentes serão o número de ações, programas e políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção, preparação e mitigação para a gestão da Redução do Risco de Desastres.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 98392.pdf.jpg: 11293 bytes, checksum: 8a79246985a15176f2dd421d6775239b (MD5) 98392.pdf: 541072 bytes, checksum: 0abb34ffbabe305d0e3aef7068b0fb3c (MD5) 98392.pdf.txt: 221637 bytes, checksum: 0c7c9f71701b0881cedc3b5a57a242ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-27T00:00:00Z / Confronted with alarming social discourse favouring the perception of food risk, modern consumers find themselves in a situation of psychological discomfort caused by consumption of foodstuffs coming from the agricultural and foodstuff industry. To eliminate this discomfort the consumer may change their purchasing and consumption habits or introduce some measures for the reduction of risk. Since Bauer first introduced the marketing world to the concept, perceived risk has had a long and varied research tradition, yet many authors have failed to recognize in their research how pervasive the construct is in all the stages of the buying process. Hundreds of studies have measured risk perception in wide variety of contexts but, in the vast majority of cases, the stage of decision process in which the consumer found himself/herself in at the time of measurement was not considered. Then, this research brings an innovation in this sense once it considers the whole decision make process in its analysis. Another important contribution of this work is to break with the traditional view of risk reduction models where the risk reduction is mainly linked to the search of information and done on the level of handled risk to consider that risk reduction may happen also with the help of practices and cognitive developments and can be done in two levels: inherent risk and handled risk. Hence, the aim of this work is to understand the way consumers perceive risk in the whole decision making process and to present a typology of risk reduction strategies taking into account the diversity of buying and consumption practices. / Confrontado com o alarmante discurso social que favorece a percepção do risco do alimento à saúde, os consumidores modernos encontram-se em uma situação de desconforto psicológico causada pelo consumo de alimentos que vêm da indústria agrícola e de gêneros alimentícios. Para eliminar este desconforto, o consumidor pode mudar seus hábitos de compra e de consumo ou introduzir algumas medidas para reduzir este risco. Desde que o mundo do marketing foi introduzido a este conceito por Bauer, a teoria de risco percebido teve uma longa e variada tradição na pesquisa, contudo muitos autores não reconheceram em suas pesquisas a dispersão dessa construção em todos os estágios do processo de compra. As centenas de estudos mediram a percepção do risco em uma larga variedade de contextos mas, na grande maioria dos casos, o estágio do processo de decisão de compra, em que o consumidor se encontra inserido em grande medida, não foi considerado. Assim, esta pesquisa traz uma inovação neste sentido, uma vez que considera em sua análise o processo decisório da compra de forma integral. Uma outra contribuição importante deste trabalho está na quebra da visão tradicional dos modelos de redução do risco, onde a redução do risco é ligada principalmente à busca da informação e feita ao nível do risco manipulado, de forma a considerar que a redução do risco pode acontecer também com a ajuda das práticas e de desenvolvimentos cognitivos, podendo ser feita em dois níveis: risco inerente e risco manipulado. Por fim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a maneira pela qual os consumidores percebem o risco, considerando todo o processo decisório, e apresentar uma tipologia das estratégias de redução do risco, identificando a diversidade de práticas de compra e de consumo que fazem parte da escolha do cliente. Palavras-chaves: consumo, processo de decisão de compra do consumidor, risco percebido, redução do risco, carne bovina.

Introdução: Apesar da abordagem farmacológica multimodal profilática, as náuseas e os vômitos pós-operatórios (NVPO) correspondem a uma das principais queixas dos pacientes após procedimentos laparoscópicos. Em pacientes considerados de alto risco pelo critério de Apfel, a incidência de tais eventos pode chegar a 80%. Neste contexto, os antagonistas dos receptores de NK-1 têm sido recomendados para adultos em adição a outras estratégias antieméticas na tentativa de reduzir essa incidência. Entretanto, o efeito da associação do aprepitanto ao regime dexametasona, ondansetrona e propofol permanece indefinido. Nesta pesquisa, como desfecho principal, estudou-se o efeito da associação do aprepitanto em regime antiemético profilático multimodal para redução de risco de NVPO nas primeiras 24 horas do período pós-operatório em pacientes de alto risco pelo critério de Apfel. Como desfechos secundários, foram estudadas intensidade dos eventos de náuseas, incidência dos eventos de vômitos intensos e ocorrência de consumo de antieméticos de resgate nas primeiras 24 horas do período pós-operatório. Métodos: pacientes adultos, estratificados como alto risco pelo critério de Apfel, submetidos a procedimentos laparoscópicos oncológicos, foram alocados aleatoriamente para receber profilaticamente aprepitanto 80 mg (grupo de tratamento) ou amido (grupo controle) associados à dexametasona (4 mg ou 8 mg), ondansetrona (4 mg ou 8 mg) e anestesia venosa alvo-controlada com propofol. A análise estatística do desfecho principal foi realizada utilizando o Teste Exato de Fisher, e a hipótese nula foi descartada se p < 0,05. Resultados: Sessenta e seis pacientes concluíram o estudo. NVPO ocorreram em 13 (40,6%) pacientes nas primeiras 24 horas após emergência da anestesia no grupo controle. No grupo tratamento, ocorreram náusea em 5 pacientes (14,7%, p = 0,03) e vômito em 1 paciente (2,9%, p = 0,0002). A redução de risco relativo foi de 63,8% (IC 95% 9,9% - 86%) para náusea e de 92,7% (IC 95% 61,2% - 98,8%) para vômito. Episódios de náusea intensa ocorreram em 2 (6,3%) pacientes e de vômitos intensos, em 4 (12,5%) pacientes, no grupo controle. Um paciente apresentou vômito intenso no grupo tratamento. Em relação ao consumo de antieméticos, 9 (28,1%) pacientes solicitaram medicamentos antieméticos de resgate no grupo controle e 3 (8,8%) pacientes, no grupo tratamento, nas primeiras 24 horas pós-operatórias (p = 0,02). Conclusão: O aprepitanto (80 mg), como uma quarta estratégia antiemética profilática, pode contribuir para a redução significativa de NVPO e de consumo de antieméticos de resgate em pacientes de alto risco / Background: Despite the use of multimodal pharmacological approach, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most important causes of patients discomfort after laparoscopic surgeries. NK-1 receptor antagonists have recently being recommended for prophylaxis of PONV in adults, but the combination with serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, corticosteroids such as dexamethasone and propofol, are not yet well established. The primary aim of this randomized and double-blind study was to assess whether the addition of aprepitant to a multimodal management strategy for PONV prophylaxis in a high-risk patient population would further decrease the incidence of PONV in the first 24 postoperative hours. The secondary aims were the quantification of nausea intensity, number of episodes of vomiting and rescue antiemetic consumption in the same period. Methods: patients classified as Apfel Score 3 or 4, scheduled to laparoscopic surgeries to treat cancer, were randomized to receive either oral aprepitant 80mg (treatment group) or matching placebo (control group) before induction of anesthesia. All patients received intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg or 8 mg at induction of anesthesia, ondansetron 4 mg or 8 mg at the end of the surgery and a standardized total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) technique. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher\'s Exact Test and the null hypothesis was ruled out if p < 0.05. Results: Sixty-six patients completed the study. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 13 (40.6%) patients during the first 24 hours in the control group (all patients who presented nausea also vomited). In the treatment group, nausea occurred in 5 patients (14.7%, P = 0.03) and vomiting occurred in 1 patient (2.9%, P = 0.0002). The reduction in the relative risk was 63.8% (95%CI 9.9% - 86%) for nausea and 92.7% (95%CI 61.2% - 98.8%) for vomiting. Severe nausea occurred in 2 (6.3%) patients, and severe vomiting occurred in 4 (12.5%) patients in the control group. One patient presented with severe vomiting in the treatment group in the first 24 postoperative hours. The administration of rescue antiemetics occurred in 9 (28.1%) patients in the control group and in 3 (8.8%) patients in the treatment group in the first 24 postoperative hours (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Eighty milligrams of aprepitant added to a three-drug multimodal prophylaxis strategy can bring benefits to a high-risk population by reducing PONV episodes and rescue antiemetic requirements

Allmänheten har ett uttalat ansvar vid krishantering, men är sällan medverkande i myndigheters arbete med krisberedskap och krisövning. Allmänheten är oftast den som är på plats där en kris händer och det kan finnas värden i att låta den bli mer inkluderad i arbetet att förbättra samhällets resiliens och minska dess sårbarhet vid en kris. Det här arbetet undersöker vad krishanterare i Värmland i Sverige och Hedmark i Norge anser om att inkludera allmänheten och hur det skulle kunna gå till för att på bästa sätt ta tillvara allmänhetens förmågor till fördel för samhället. Studien är kvalitativ med intervjuer som metod och resultatet analyserades med kvalitativ textanalys. Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån teorin om empowerment som handlar om att stärka den enskildes självförtroende att agera i en kris. Medan myndigheter ser behovet av empowerment så finns det en klyfta att överbrygga som handlar om att myndigheter inte ser allmänheten som en självklar deltagare i krisberedskapsarbetet. Resultatet indikerar att krishanterare ser övning med allmänheten som mestadels positivt, men att de begränsas av resursbrist och föreställningar om allmänhetens reaktioner samt en oro för vad insynen i myndigheternas krisberedskapsarbete kan leda till för negativa konsekvenser. Det viktigaste för att stärka individer och allmänhet sågs vara riktad information och kommunikation som kunde stärka personer att agera på ett bra sätt i en kris, stärka medmänskligheten samt stärka allmänhetens förmåga att ta kloka val samt öka deras tillit till myndigheterna. / The public has a pronounced responsibility for crisis management in Sweden and Norway, but is not a common part of the work on crisis preparedness and crisis training. The public is usually the first responder when a crisis occurs and there may be values ​​in allowing the public to be more included to improve societies’ resilience and reduce its vulnerability. This paper examines what crisis managers in Värmland in Sweden and Hedmark in Norway consider about including the public more and how the public could be included to best utilize the public's abilities for the benefit of society. The study has a qualitative design, with interviews as the main method. The result is analyzed by means of qualitative text analysis. The result indicates that crisis managers see crisis training with the public as mostly positive with clearly beneficial values, but they see themselves as limited by lack of resources and worry about public responses and concerns about how the transparency of government emergency preparedness work can lead to negative consequences such as lack of trust. The most important finding was the importance to strengthen individuals and the public through targeted information and communication. Information and education could strengthen people to act wisely in a situation, strengthen humanity, and strengthen the publics ability to make good choices as well as increase public trust in the authorities. The result has been discussed based on theories of empowerment, to strengthen the individual's self-confidence to act in a crisis. While authorities see the need for empowerment, there is a gap to bridge that is about authorities not viewing the public as an obvious participant in emergency preparedness work. / CriseIT

Floods and droughts are frequent in Central America and cause large social, economic and environmental impacts. A crucial step in disaster risk reduction is to have a good understanding of the causing mechanisms of extreme events and their spatio-temporal characteristics. For this, a key aspect is access to a dense network of long and good-quality hydro-meteorological data. Unfortunately, such ideal data are sparse or non-existent in Central America. In addition, the existing methods for hydro-climatic studies need to be revised and/or improved to find the most suitable for the region’s climate, geography and hydro-climatic data situation. This work has the ultimate goal to support the reduction of risks associated with hydro-climatic-induced disasters in Central America. This was sought by developing ways to reduce data-related uncertainties and by improving the available methods to study and understand hydro-climatic variability processes. In terms of data-uncertainty reduction, this thesis includes the development of a high resolution air temperature dataset and a methodology to reduce uncertainties in a hydrological model at ungauged basins. The dataset was able to capture the spatial patterns with a detail not available with existing datasets. The methodology significantly reduced uncertainties in an assumed-to-be ungauged catchment. In terms of methodological improvements, this thesis includes an assessment of the most suitable combination of (available) meteorological datasets and drought indices to characterise droughts in Central America. In addition, a methodology was developed to analyse drought propagation in a tropical catchment, in an automated, objective way. Results from the assessment and the drought propagation analysis contributed with improving the understanding of drought patterns and generating processes in the region. Finally, a methodology was proposed for assessing changes in both hydrological extremes in a consistent way. This contrasts with most commonly used frameworks that study each extreme individually. The method provides important characteristics (frequency, duration and magnitude), information that can be useful for decisions within risk reduction and water management. The results presented in this thesis are a contribution, in terms of hydro-climatic data and assessment methods, for supporting risk reduction of disasters related with hydro-climatic extremes in Central America. / Översvämningar och torka inträffar ofta i Mellanamerika och orsakar stora skador på samhälle, ekonomi och miljö. En kritisk del av riskreduceringen är förståelsen av mekanismerna bakom extremhändelserna, och deras rumsliga och tidskarakteristik. En nyckelfaktor är tillgång till långa tidsserier av rumsligt täckande hydrometeorologiska data av bra kvalitet. I Mellanamerika är sådana ideala data tyvärr sällsynta eller saknas helt. Dessutom behöver befintliga metoder för hydro-klimatisk analys revideras och/eller förbättras för att identifiera de mest lämpade metoderna för regionens klimat, geografi och situationen vad gäller hydrologiska och meteorologiska data. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling har varit att stödja arbetet med riskreducering i Mellanamerika vid hydrologiska extremhändelser som sätts igång av extrema väderhändelser. För att bidra till detta utvecklades metoder för att minska datarelaterade osäkerheter och för att förbättra tillgängliga metoder för att studera och förstå de processer som ligger bakom variabiliteten i hydrologi och klimat. Dataosäkerheten minskades genom utveckling av ett nytt dataset för lufttemperatur med hög rumslig upplösning och en metodik för att begränsa osäkerheten i modellberäknad vattenföring i ett område där det saknas observationer. Det nya datasetet kunde fånga rumsliga mönster på en detaljnivå som hittills inte varit möjlig. Metodiken möjliggjorde en klar minskning i osäkerheten hos vattenföringen i ett avrinningsområde som behandlades som om det saknade data. Avhandlingen innehåller också en metodik för att fastlägga den mest lämpade kombinationen av tillgängliga klimatdataset och torkindex för att karakterisera torka i Mellanamerika. Därutöver utvecklades en metod för att studera torkans fortplantning i ett tropiskt avrinningsområde på ett objektivt och automatiserat sätt. Slutligen föreslås en metod för att hantera förändringar av både översvämning och torka på ett konsistent sätt  som förenklar användningen av resultaten  för en beslutsfattare. Dessa metoder bedömdes användbara för att förbättra karakteriseringen och förståelsen av extrema hydrologiska händelser i Mellanamerika. Resultaten i denna avhandling ger bidrag till förståelsen av hydrologiska och klimatextremer genom förbättrade data och analysmetoder som i förlängningen kommer att stödja riskreduceringsarbetet i Mellanamerika. / Las sequías e inundaciones son frecuentes en Centroamérica y causan grandes problemas sociales, económicos y ambientales. Un aspecto crucial en la reducción del riesgo consiste en entender los mecanismos que causan dichos eventos, y sus características espacio-temporales. Para lograr esto es necesario tener acceso a una red de datos hidro-meterológicos densa, con series largas, y de buena calidad. Desafortunadamente, este no es el caso en Centroamérica. Además, los métodos para hacer estudios hidro-climáticos requieren ser evaluados y/o mejorados para asegurar su aplicabilidad en la región (su clima, su geografía y los datos disponibles). Este trabajo tiene como meta apoyar la reducción del riesgo de desastres asociados a eventos hidro-meteorológicos extremos en Centroamérica. Esto se consigue a partir de la reducción de incertidumbres asociadas a los datos, y de la mejora de métodos para el estudio de la variabilidad hidro-climática. Para reducir la incertidumbre de los datos, este trabajo incluye el desarrollo de una base de datos de temperatura de alta resolución y el desarrollo de una metodología para reducir las incertidumbres en datos simulados de caudal. Con la nueva base de datos se logra reconocer patrones espaciales a un nivel de detalle no antes captado por otras bases de datos. Por otro lado, la metodología redujo significativamente las incertidumbres de los datos simulados de caudal. En cuanto a métodos, esta tesis incluye una evaluación para encontrar la mejor combinación de índices de sequía y base de datos para la caracterización de sequías en la región. Además, se desarrolló una metodología para analizar la propagación de la sequía en una cuenca tropical, de una manera objetiva y automatizada. Los resultados de estos dos pasos ayudaron a mejorar la comprensión de los patrones y los mecanismos de generación de las sequías. Finalmente, se incluyó un método para evaluar los cambios en los patrones de sequías e inundaciones de una manera consistente, y no de manera individual como usualmente se ha hecho. Así fue posible obtener la frecuencia, duración y magnitud en ambos extremos hidrológicos. Esta información podría constituir una herramienta  útil para el manejo del riesgo y del recurso hídrico.

Many of the technological and social systems our society has come to depend on can be classified as complex adaptive systems (CAS). These systems are made of many individual parts that self-organize to respond and adapt to changing outside and inside influences affecting the system and its actors. These CAS can be placed on a spectrum ranging from loosely- to tightly-coupled, depending on the degree of interrelatedness and interdependence between system components. This research has explored how the process of collaboration occurs in both a loosely- and tightly-coupled setting using one exemplar of each system. The loosely-coupled exemplar related to disaster risk reduction in two Canadian communities while the tightly-coupled one involved the implementation of a surgical information management system in a Canadian hospital. A list of core elements of collaboration that should be considered essential to the success of all collaborative endeavours was developed as a result: Engagement, Communication, Leadership, Role Clarity, Awareness, Time, and Technical Skills and Knowledge. Based on observing how the core elements of collaboration interacted with one another within each of these example systems, two models were created to represent their relationships. A list of considerations that collaborative tool designers should consider was also developed and the implications of these considerations were discussed. As businesses and other organizations increasingly incorporate team-based work models, they will come to depend more heavily on technology-based solutions to support collaboration. By incorporating collaborative technologies that properly support the activity of these teams—based on the specific type of complex adaptive system in which their organization exists—organizations can avoid wasting time and resources developing tools that hinder collaboration.

This study is concerned with the pre-test counselling conversation (as regulated by policy-governing and training documents) that occurs between HIV counsellors and their clients. It attempts to explore and describe some of the assumptions underlying HIV/AIDS pre-test counselling in South Africa, and reflects on how these assumptions determine the content and process of HIV pre-test counselling. This exploration has been done by means of an analysis of a selection of official and non-official documentation on pre-test counselling. The aim of HIV/AIDS counselling in general is to support and educate infected/affected clients about the HI-virus. Pre-test counselling (the conversation that takes place before an HIV-test is administered) forms the entry level to HIV counselling service delivery in South Africa, and it is often the only opportunity a counsellor has to support and educate a client about HIV/AIDS. Policy-governing pre-test counselling and training documents on such counselling confirm the role played by counsellors. The pre-test counselling conversation is based on the assumption that education about the HI-virus will enable clients to make informed decisions about their health which will help them to live long and healthy lives once they are aware of their HIV-status. However, this educational approach does not seem to be successful, as a change in risk behaviour is often not achieved. My recognition of this situation motivated this study and its focus on the conversation that takes place between counsellors and their clients in pre-test counselling. I was curious about what is discussed during pre-test counselling and why, if we acknowledge that counselling plays a major role in infection rate prevention, risk-reducing behaviour is not being achieved. This qualitative study was based on a social constructionist paradigm and document analysis was used as a research method. This study offers an alternative approach to health education – a drive towards client-centred pre-test counselling where the client’s needs become the focus of the pre-test counselling conversation. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Diploma thesis deals with the development strategies of the small business. First it presents the theoretical background that serves as a knowledge-based support for other parts of the work. Then performs an analysis. Based on these findings it tries to find flaws in its long-term strategy. The solution proposals redefine existing strategy and innovate the product base. After these changes can be assumed effective and sustainable development of the company.

Questa ricerca definisce il concetto di riduzione del rischio di conflitto e fornisce una strategia di gestione del rischio di conflitto. Lo scopo è quello di contribuire alla Peace Research e ai Conflict studies costruendo un approccio di prevenzione basato sul rischio. La metodologia utilizzata in questo studio è interdisciplinare. Questo aspetto ha permesso di convalidare il quadro analitico sviluppato attraverso l'analisi di un caso studio che ha incluso un lavoro sul campo con l'impiego di strumenti antropologici. Il caso libanese è stato scelto per la recente storia conflittuale e le odierne condizioni in cui versa il paese, sottoposto a innumerevoli pressioni socioeconomiche. Infatti, la crisi siriana e i massicci flussi di rifugiati hanno avuto un impatto significativo sul Libano, destabilizzando ulteriormente un paese già fragile e scatenando diverse ondate di violenza, la cui manifestazione ha avuto e ha luogo a livello micro e macro in diverse forme. La storia conflittuale e le esperienze di migrazione, le pressioni economiche e sociali e i pregiudizi derivanti dall’errata percezione reciproca tra libanesi e siriani costituiscono la base da una parte per un alto rischio di micro-conflitti, e dall’altra, a livello macro, un possibile input per una destabilizzazione socioeconomica che sfoci in una contrapposizione conflittuale che tenga conto delle dinamiche irrisolte della società libanese. Considerando l'obiettivo pratico di questo lavoro, che si concentra sull’elaborazione di una strategia di gestione dei rischi di conflitto, sarà fornita un'analisi programmatica, tenendo conto delle buone pratiche implementate da Organizzazioni Internazionali e ONG. / This research aims at defining the concept of Conflict Risk Reduction and providing a Conflict Risk Management Strategy. The purpose is to contribute to the Peace research and Conflict Studies field by offering a conflict risk-based prevention approach. The methodology used in this study is of interdisciplinary nature. This, in subsequence allowed me to apply the case study approach to validate the analytical created framework and to perform prolonged fieldwork employing anthropological tools. The Lebanese case represents a rich field for these research purposes due to its recent conflict history that crucially marked the country and its consequences that are still fathomable today in addition to the current pressure circumstances. Indeed, the Syrian crisis and the massive refugee flows have a significant impact on Lebanon leading to several waves of violence. The country’s history of conflict and migration, the economic and social grievances and the misperception among Lebanese and Syrian refugees constitute the base for a high risk of micro conflicts in Lebanon. Considering the practical aim of this work which focuses on Conflict Risk Disaster Management strategy, a programmatic analysis will be provided, taking into account the best practices implemented by International Organisations and NGOs.

El sector de servicios comunitarios sociales y privados donde se encuentra la industria de radio y televisión, se registró que las causas principales de los accidentes del 2018 fueron los falsos movimientos y esfuerzos físicos (23.47%). Estudios realizados al entorno en mención se enfocan en la implementación, mas no en la continuación a través del tiempo interactuando con las condiciones y actos subestándar. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación está orientado a una propuesta de rediseño del puesto de trabajo de camarógrafos, validándose mediante un piloto e indicadores. El modelo consta de seis fases: análisis de carga laboral, de ergonómica actual, rediseño del puesto, análisis ergonómico del puesto modificado, inducciones de seguridad y comparación de indicadores, usando herramientas de ingeniería para el diagnóstico como RULA, REBA, antropometría, seguridad basada en comportamiento y la metodología de los 7 pasos. Se tomo como muestra representativa la cantidad de 60 camarógrafos donde se logró reducir un nivel de riesgo ergonómico medio-alto, a bajo, la tasa de accidentes a un 46.7%, el índice de gravedad en un 31.21% y el de seguridad en un 50%. Además, se logró reducir un 55.40% de los costos por accidente, y un 45% la cantidad de actos subestándares. / ABSTRACT The sector of social and private community services where the radio and television industry are located, it was registered that the main causes of accidents in 2018 were false movements and physical efforts (23.47%). Studies carried out in the environment in question focus on implementation, but not on continuation through time interacting with substandard conditions and acts. For this reason, this research work is aimed at a proposal to redesign the job of cameramen, validating it through a pilot and indicators. The model consists of six phases: workload analysis, current ergonomics, job redesign, ergonomic analysis of the modified job, safety inductions and comparison of indicators, using engineering tools for diagnosis such as RULA, REBA, anthropometry, security based in behavior and the 7-step methodology. The number of 60 cameramen was taken as a representative sample, where it was possible to reduce a level of ergonomic risk from medium-high to low, the accident rate at 46.7%, the severity index at 31.21% and the safety rate at 50 %. In addition, it was possible to reduce 55.40% of the costs per accident, and 45% the number of substandard acts. / Trabajo de investigación