In certain areas such as Pharmacokinetic(PK) and Pharmacodynamic(PD), the hazard rate function, denoted by ??, plays a central role in modeling the instantaneous risk of failure time data. In the context of assessing the appropriateness of a given parametric hazard rate model, Huh and Hutmacher [22] showed that their hazard-based visual predictive check is as good as a visual predictive check based on the survival function. Even though Huh and Hutmacher’s visual method is simple to implement and interpret, the final decision reached there depends on the personal experience of the user. In this thesis, our primary aim is to develop nonparametric goodness-ofit tests for hazard rate functions to help bring objectivity in hazard rate model selections or to augment subjective procedures like Huh and Hutmacher’s visual predictive check. Toward that aim two nonparametric goodnessofit (g-o) test statistics are proposed and they are referred to as chi-square g-o test and kernel-based nonparametric goodness-ofit test for hazard rate functions, respectively. On one hand, the asymptotic distribution of the chi-square goodness-ofit test for hazard rate functions is derived under the null hypothesis ??0 : ??(??) = ??0(??) ??? ? R + as well as under the fixed alternative hypothesis ??1 : ??(??) = ??1(??) ??? ? R +. The results as expected are asymptotically similar to those of the usual Pearson chi-square test. That is, under the null hypothesis the proposed test converges to a chi-square distribution and under the fixed alternative hypothesis it converges to a non-central chi-square distribution. On the other hand, we showed that the power properties of the kernel-based nonparametric goodness-ofit test for hazard rate functions are equivalent to those of the Bickel and Rosenblatt test, meaning the proposed kernel-based nonparametric goodness-ofit test can detect alternatives converging to the null at the rate of ???? , ?? < 1/2, where ?? is the sample size. Unlike the latter, the convergence rate of the kernel-base nonparametric g-o test is much greater; that is, one does not need a very large sample size for able to use the asymptotic distribution of the test in practice.

In this thesis, we study various notions of variation of certain stochastic processes, namely $p$-variation, pathwise $p$-th variation along sequence of partitions and $p$-th variation along sequence of partitions. We study these concepts for fractional Brownian motions and Rosenblatt processes. A fractional Brownian motion is a Gaussian process and it has been intensively developed and studied over the last two decades because of its importance in modeling various phenomena. On the other hand, a Rosenblatt process, which is a non- Gaussian process that can be used for modeling non-Gaussian fluctuations, has not been getting as much attention as fractional Brownian motion. For that reason, we concentrate in this thesis on this process and we present some original results that deal with ergodicity, $p$-variation, pathwise $p$-th variation along sequence of partitions and $p$-th variation along sequence of partitions. Boris Kiška

Reading is considered to be one of the main factors for success throughout the compulsory education and into the years in upper secondary school, and is often connected with instrumental values, such as better grades and higher level of empathy. However, good readers are seldom drawn to books as means to improve their grades, but enjoy reading in its own right. The curriculum for for the upper secondary education in Swedish on the other hand stipulates that students should learn to analyse literature – i.e. learn how to do a reading rather than develop as readers.This study looks at two groups of upper secondary school students discussing two different young-adult novels, and analyses the recordings from a reader-response perspective. As readers they focus mainly on the plot, and their knowledge of story line and genre seems to draw heavily from film, but they also come to the text with different expectations and experiences, which influence their reading. An initial resistance for one reader could be the same factor making the book too trivial for another. Possible implications for teachers are that consideration for the aim of the reading should be made when choosing books for students, as it might be counterproductive to expect inexperienced readers to perform literary analysis if the goal is to develop reading.

Uppsatsen analyserar Frida Nilssons bok Jagger, Jagger (2013) och R.J. Palacios bok Undret (2013), som båda behandlar ämnet mobbning. Undersökningens syfte är att dels analysera hur mobbning framställs i dessa böcker, dels hur böckerna, och skönlitteratur med motivet mobbning i allmänhet, kan användas i arbetet mot mobbning i skolan. Analysen genomförs utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv, med närläsning och litterär texttolkning som metod. I den didaktiska diskussionen om hur böckerna kan användas i undervisning, kopplas egna reflektioner till Louise Rosenblatts receptionsteori och Aidan Chambers boksamtal. Analysen visar på ett flertal aspekter som berör gestaltningen av mobbning i de två barnböckerna, såsom att offren är impopulära, har få vänner samt är normbrytande. De utsätts främst för relationell och verbal mobbning. Förövarna i böckerna har hög social status och är överlägsna sina offer. Omgivningens reaktion och hantering av mobbningen är inte särskilt omfattande. Däremot skildrar Jagger, Jagger den starka inverkan som en utomstående individ kan ha på offrets hantering av mobbningen. Undret har en mer realistisk karaktär och Jagger, Jagger en mer fantastisk inriktning, vilket medför att den sistnämnda får en mer humoristisk lätthet i allvaret och samtidigt öppnar upp för tolkning hos läsaren. Den didaktiska diskussionen belyser skönlitteraturens värde i undervisningen samt hur läsning ger barn tillgång till fiktionsvärldar med skilda perspektiv, vilket i sin tur kan utveckla deras empatiska förmåga.

This work's theoretical exploration delves into the varied meanings and implications of aesthetics, transactions, and answerability, drawing heavily on the theories of John Dewey, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Louise Rosenblatt. It synthesizes their contributions to understand how experiences shape and are shaped by transactions with the environment. The analysis is organized into chapters that examine texts and reflect on practices in writing and teaching, connecting these activities to the central themes.

Cette thèse a été réalisée au sein de l’entreprise Invivoo. L’objectif principal était de trouver des stratégies d’investissement : avoir un gain important et un risque faible. Les travaux de recherche ont été principalement portés par ce dernier point. Dans ce sens, nous avons voulu généraliser un modèle fidèle à la réalité des marchés financiers, que ce soit pour des données à basse comme à haute fréquence et, à très haute fréquence, variation par variation. / No English summary available.

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