This dissertation examines the poetry of Dorothee Sölle, particularly her seven books of collected poems - Meditationen & Gebrauchstexte, Revolutionäre geduld, Fliegen lernen, Spiel doch von brot und rosen, Verrückt nach licht, Zivil und ungehörsam, Loben ohne lügen. At least two poems from each book are chosen for analysis based on the theological concept they express. It thus attempts to cover most of the concepts Sölle elaborates upon in her works. The second part of the thesis then focuses on the use of biblical passages in Dorothee Sölle's poetry, offering to view them in three subject cathegories based on her ways of working with them. Those are 1) 2) Re-telling the Bible, and 3) Contemplating upon the passages themselves. It further examines the synthesis of religious and social topics throughout her works, again suggesting to divide them into 1) Contemporary 2) Historical, and 3) Stuctural, based on the nature of the social topics portrayed in them. The thesis also explores Sölle's depiction of God, concluding that Sölle sees God in her poems not as a governing, dominating entity, but rather as a co-creator, God weeping and compassionate with the world. Sölle sees this image of God's empathy and involvement with man as an incentive for the man to become the same, to act similarly.

The aim of this study is to explore questions regarding the concept of suffering and the relationship between a suffering world and a suffering God. The theology of Dorothee Soelle and Jürgen Moltmann are presented and then analysed through the feminist-theological lens of Rita Nakashima Brock and Rebecca Ann Parker. The feminist-theological perspective is used to highlight the theological strengths and weaknesses of Soelle and Moltmann. The issues of suffering can be found all through human history and across all religious views or life stances. Soelle and Moltmann show that to create a sustainable theology regarding suffering there needs to be an awareness of what image of God is presented. The conclusion of the study is that both Soelle and Moltmann use the term “apathy” throughout the theology that has been presented. The concept is regarded as a hindrance to forming and maintaining relationships and being able to sympathise with the suffering party. This hinderance is present both in the relationships between humans and between God and humanity. The focus of Soelle and Moltmann lies in the interpretation of God the Father and how the Father relates to the suffering of humanity. The importance of how the suffering of the Son is regarded is presented through the feminist theology of Brock and Parker. According to Brock and Parker, the church needs to examine how the suffering of Jesus is presented. If the suffering of Jesus is presented as an example of how suffering should be endured then the concept of Jesus willingly suffering might put pressure on the suffering individual to stay in the context that causes suffering.

Limnologische Charakterisierung ausgewählter Ackerhohlformen (Sölle) des nordostdeutschen Jungmoränengebietes als Grundlage von Schutzmaßnahmen* *) gefördert durch die Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt und die FAZIT-Stiftung, Frankfurt a.M. 160 S.: 64 Abbn., 24 Tab., 3 gezeichnete Tafeln, 4 mikroskopische Tafeln Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Biologie AG Ökologie Die Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich auf das Plankton von Söllen der Jungmorä nenlandschaft Nordostdeutschlands. Ziel war es, die qualitative und quantitative Phyto- und Zooplanktonstruktur verschiedener Sölle unter dem Gesichtspunkt der nterschiedlichen Landnutzung, des Wasserhaushaltes und des Stoffeintrages in zwei Untersuchungsgebieten zu erfassen, mit einem weitgehend ursprünglichen Forstsoll zu vergleichen und daraus Schlußfolgerungen für den Erhalt und den Schutz dieser Kleingewässer abzuleiten. Es wurden sieben repräsentative Sölle monatlich über drei Vegetationsperioden (1994-1997) untersucht. Neben dem Artenspektrum und dem Abun danzwechsel des Phyto- und Zooplanktons erfolgte eine Erfassung des Chlorophyll a -Gehaltes der Mikroalgenzellen, der hydrochemischen und physikalischen Grundparameter und der Pegelstände des Sollwassers. Trotz der großen Individualität der Untersuchungsgewässer konnten aus den Erg ebnissen die Sölle in drei Gruppen statistisch signifikant zusammengefaßt werden. Für deren Abgrenzung sind die Nährstoffverhältnisse (N oder P-Überschüsse, Nitrifikationsgrad), die Sauerstoffsättigungswerte und das Artenspektrum des Phyto- und Zooplanktons bedeutsam. Hohe Leitfähigkeit des Wassers besonders in den Söllen des Gebietes um Lietzen-Döbberin wird durch hohe Sulfat- und Chloridgehalte bedingt. Im Vergleich zu den Seen sind die Chlorophyll a -Konzentrationen als Biomasseäquivalent für die Mikroalgen in Relation zu den Phosphatgehalten auffallend gering. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung und dem Schutz der Sölle ableiten. Es wird die konsequente Verminderung der externen Nährstoffeinträge durch die Schaffung und/ oder Pflege von Pufferzonen sowie gegebenenfalls die Umwidmung des Einzugsgebietes in Dauergrünland empfohlen. Weitere Maßnahmen, die auf die Reduzierung der internen Nährstoffreserven zielen, sind erst nach zusätzlichen Untersuchungen insbesondere zum Phosphorbindungsvermögen der Sedimente für die Sölle ableitbar. / Limnological characterization of selected ponded depressions of the north German young moraine site as a basis for conservation* *) sponsored by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt and the FAZIT-Stiftung, Frankfurt a.M. 160 S.: 64 Abbn., 24 Tab., 3 graphic Tables, 4 microscope tables Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Biologie AG Ökologie The main geographical feature of the ground and terminal moraines of northern Germany are the numerous small depressions, many of which are water-filled. They represent a typical geographical element of this region and in the German language are usually referred to as "Sölle" (Singular = "Soll"). These small bodies of water were created either glacially through the melting of dead-ice pieces (natural depressions or dead-ice depressions) or later (circa 12th or 13th century) in the course of the clearing of large tracts of forested land through the partial and permanent damming of depressions (pseudo depressions). The study concentrated on the plankton levels of ponded depressions in the recent moraines of northern Germany. The goal of the study was to record the qualitative and quantitative phytoplankton and zooplankton make-up of several different ponded depressions with consideration of the various land uses, management of water, and introduction of nutrients in two research areas and to compare these findings with a mostly unaltered forested ponded depression (ponded depression in a forested area) for the purpose of deriving conclusions about the preservation and protection of these small water ways. Seven representative ponded depressions were examined monthly over the span of three vegetation periods (1994-1997). In addition to the variety of vegetational species and the variation in amounts of phytoplankton and zooplankton, data about the amount of chlorophyll a in the micro algae cells, the hydro-chemical and physical ground parameters, and the water level of the ponds was recorded. In spite of the considerable uniqueness of each of the ponds under examination, the results of the study allowed for the classification of the ponded depressions into three statistically significant groupings.The proportions of nutrients (a surplus of N or P or the level of nitrification), the oxygen saturation values, and the vegetational spectrum of phytoplankton and zooplankton proved meaningful for the differentiation of the groupings. High conductivity of the water, especially in the ponds in the area around Lietzen-Döbberin, is caused by high levels of sulfate and chloride. In comparison to lakes, the concen trations of Chlorophyll a as a biomass equivalent for the micro algae are noticeably smaller in relation to the phosphate levels. The results of the research suggest measures for the preservation and protection of the ponded depressions. The intentional reduction of external nutrients through the creation of and/or care for buffer zones and, if necessary, the redesignation of areas zoned for development into permanent nature conservation zones is recommended. Further preservation measures, aimed at reducing the reserves of internal nutrients, will only be deduced after further study of the ponded depressions, especially in relation to the ability of the sediment to absorb phosphors.

The diploma th sis is conc rn d with uncov ring th full sp ctrum of humanity through th prism of mysticism and humanistic psychoth rapy. The author s parat s th cont nt into thr s ctions. In th firrst h roots his thoughts in th mysticism of Doroth Söll and h r book The Sil nt Cry: Mysticism and R sistanc , which l nds th th sis th qualiti s of mystical spirituality in th mundan and v ryday lif . From th book th author focus s on th mystical path of "The s lf and th lib ration from th s lf" that invit s th conc pt of go, consum rism and th r lationship toward th inn r cor of th human. The s cond s ction xplor s th th rap utic contribution of humanistic th rapists Virginia Satir and Carl Ransom Rog rs. The auth r introduc s th ir th rap utic mod ls in thr chapt rs: The D v lopm nt of th Mov m nt, The Human Imag and The The rap utic Proc ss and Goal. The th sis is thus imbu d with conc pts aiding fulfirlm nt of a Human Lif : a human r lationship, congur nc and th importanc of s lf- knowl dg ; congru nc b ing th k y t rm inviting spiritual mom nts into th quasion. The third s ction outlin s a shar d spac for mysticism and humanistic psychoth rapy. The author introduc s th ‚mystical human' in cont mporary postmod rn atmosph r , conn cting th discov ri s from th firrst two s ctions of th th sis. The...

The master thesis Reflection of gospels from the view of choosen feminist theological texts is situated do the context of christian feminist theology, specifically in the framework of feminist theology of liberation. It's focused especially on the texts of feministic protestant theologists Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, mainly on texts which are related to the choosen parts of the gospels. The theoretical part is aimed especially on the theoretical and methodological basics which includes besides others the major concepts of feminist theories of gender stereotypes and the sex-gender system. The attention is also paid to the concepts of feminist theology with main focus to the thesis of relatedness and mutuality exercised in the field of exegesis of Biblical texts, anthropology nad christology. In this part of thesis is also mentioned the biographical context of the canonical gospels origin including its follow-up interpretation by the prism of texts written by feminist-theological authors mentioned above. The analytical part of the thesis is aimed on two concrete moments of gospels and their interpretation through the texts of Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, considering the theoretical and methodological basis. Through the gender focused method of qualitative content analysis is subsequently...

In dieser Studie wurden stabile Isotopenverhältnisse genutzt um die Mechanismen der aquatisch-terrestrischen C – und N-Dynamiken über verschiedene Skalenebenen hinweg in der Moränenlandschaft von Nordostdeutschland zu identifizieren; einer Landschaft, die stark landwirtschaftlich genutzt wird und in der es eine Vielzahl von kleinen Wasserkörpern (Sölle) gibt. Auf der regionalen Landschaftsskala spiegeln d13C-Isotopenkarten des org. Materials in Oberböden und von Pflanzenblättern eines 38.2 km2 großen Gebietes den Eintrag von org. Material von C3-Pflanzen, deren Wassernutzungseffizienz im org. Material des Bodens eingeprägt wurde, sowie den Eintrag von Mais (C4-Pflanze), wider. Die d15N-Isotopenkarte des org. Materials in Böden weist verschiedene Düngepraktiken hin. Auf der regionalen Sollskala deuten die d13C- und d15N-Isotopenwerte von Oberflächensedimenten von 51 Söllen auf kürzliche Einträge des org. Materials und Bewirtschaftungseffekte im Einzugsgebiet hin. Tiefere Sedimente sind durch die Ablagerung org. Materials von terrestrischen Pflanzen sowie dessen Umsetzungsgrad geprägt in Abhängigkeit von der Wasserführung. Auf der Transekt-Skala, d.h. entlang von Transekten von Erosions- zu Depositionsgebieten im Einzugsgebiet eines Solls, beeinflussen Erosion, Pflanzenproduktion, mikrobielle Umsetzung und Gülledüngung verschiedene Fraktionen des org. Materials. Auf der Aggregat-Skalenebene sind die Art und der Anteil spezifischer organo-mineral Assoziationen entlang des Transekts variabel. Bodenpartikel vom Feld und hereinwachsende Makrophyten sind die Quellen des org. Materials in Sedimenten. Diese Studie hat erfolgreich stabile Isotopenverhältnisse zur Identifikation von Mechanismen der C- und N-Dynamik auf individuellen Skalenebenen angewendet. Kleine Inlandwasserkörper sind Schlüsselelemente für die C- und N-Dynamik in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Moränenlandschaften. / In moraine landscapes, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics can vary greatly across landscape structures and soil types especially when small water bodies are interspersed in the landscape. This study used stable isotope ratios to identify the mechanisms regulating the aquatic-terrestrial C and N dynamics across different scales in the young moraine landscape of NE Germany – a landscape intensively used for agriculture and interspersed with countless of small water bodies, the so-called kettle holes. At the regional landscape scale, d13C isoscapes of topsoil bulk soil organic matter (SOM) and plant leaves collected from a 38.2 km2 area revealed long-term inputs OM from C3 crops, which imprinted their water use efficiency status onto the soil, as well as short-term inputs from corn. The d15N SOM isoscape identified fertilization-induced impacts on the N dynamics of agricultural fields and grasslands. At the regional kettle hole scale, d13C and d15N of surface sediments of 51 kettle holes reflected recent OM inputs and management practices in the catchment. Deeper sediments recorded the degree to which the OM has been processed within the kettle hole depending on the water-logging period. At the transect scale, erosion, plant productivity, microbial decomposition and slurry fertilization affected OM fractions in topsoil along transects spanning erosional to depositional areas in the catchment of one arable kettle hole. At the aggregate scale, the pathway and magnitude of OM-mineral associations changed along the transect. OM in sediments was derived from clay- and silt-sized particles from the field, together with emergent macrophyte contributions. By means of stable isotopes techniques, different mechanisms were identified at the individual scales. Consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of all scales is essential to understand landscape C and N dynamics. Small inland water bodies are key constituents of C and N dynamics in moraine agricultural landscapes.

Der Klimawandel bedroht Ökosysteme auf der ganzen Welt. Besonders der Anstieg in Länge, Intensität und Häufigkeit von Dürren kann bedeutenden Einfluss auf den globalen Kohlenstoffkreislauf haben. Die Frage, ob Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen anfällig gegenüber ökologischem Stress wie Dürren sind, wurde bereits in vielen Studien für verschiedene Ökosysteme und mit verschiedenen Ansätzen untersucht, aber Analysen von Dürreauswirkungen, die ober- und unterirdische Interaktionen von Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen mit einbeziehen, sind eher selten. Deshalb wird in der vorliegenden Studie die Frage erörtert, wie Trockenheit und/oder Hitze die Interaktionen von Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen in Bezug auf ihre Kohlenstoff-Verbindung beeinflussen. Dies dient zur Bestimmung der Stärke der Pflanze-Mikroorganismen-Kohlenstoff-Verbindung, wenn das Ökosystem an seine Grenzen gebracht wird. Der Fokus liegt deshalb auf durch Trockenstress und Hitze hervorgerufenen Veränderungen in der ober-unterirdischen Kohlenstoff-Dynamik in zwei vom Klimawandel bedrohten Ökosystemen. Es wurde untersucht, wie extreme Klimaereignisse, deren Häufigkeit in Zukunft weiter ansteigen soll, die Kohlenstoff-Verbindung zwischen Pflanzen und Mikroorganismen beeinflusst und wie mikrobielle Gemeinschaften unter diesen Umständen reagieren, um die Resistenz und Reaktionsmechanismen von Ökosystemen im zukünftigen Klimawandel besser vorhersagen zu können. In Kapitel 4 wurde ein Buchenwaldunterholz-Ökosystem untersucht. Buchenwaldmonolithen wurden einem extremen Klimaereignis (Trockenheit und/oder Hitze) ausgesetzt. Die Stärke der Pflanze-Mikroorganismen-Kohlenstoff-Verbindung und Veränderungen in der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaftsstruktur und -aktivität wurden mithilfe von stabilen 13C Isotopenmethoden und Ansätzen auf molekularer Basis, wie 16S rRNA- und Phospholipid-Analysen, bestimmt. In Kapitel 5 wurde ein kleines aquatisches Ökosystems untersucht. Zwei emerse aquatische Makrophyten, Phragmites australis und Typha latifolia, wurden in einem Mesokosmos-Experiment mit Sediment aus einem Soll einer einmonatigen Dürre ausgesetzt. Mithilfe einer 13CO2 Pulsmarkierung, sowie PLFA- und nicht-strukturbildenden Kohlenhydrat-Analysen wurde Kohlenstoff von den Blättern in die Wurzeln bis ins Sediment verfolgt, wo er teilweise in mikrobielle Phospholipide eingebaut wird. Diese Studie hat gezeigt, dass die zwei untersuchten Ökosysteme Trockenstress und Hitze relativ gut widerstehen können, zumindest kurzfristig, und dass das Kohlenstoff-Kontinuum, beziehungsweise die Verbindung zwischen ober- und unterirdischen Gemeinschaften, auch unter starkem Stress intakt bleibt. Zusammenfassend scheint es, dass Ökosysteme stark von einem funktionierenden Pflanze-Boden/Sediment-Mikroorganismen Kohlenstoff-Kontinuum abhängen und versuchen, es auch unter starkem Stress zu erhalten, was möglicherweise dazu beiträgt, dem Anstieg von extremen Dürreperioden aufgrund des Klimawandels besser zu widerstehen. / Climate change is threatening ecosystems around the world. Especially the increase in duration, intensity, and frequency of droughts can have a considerable impact on the global carbon cycle. The question whether plants and microbes are susceptible to environmental stress like drought has been assessed in many studies for different ecosystem types and by using numerous approaches, but research on drought effects that includes above- and belowground interactions is rather scarce. Therefore, the present study assesses the question of how drought and/or heat influence the interactions of plants and microbes, especially the carbon coupling, in order to determine the strength of plant-microbe carbon linkages when an ecosystem is pushed to its limits. The focus of this study thus lies on changes in aboveground-belowground carbon dynamics and the subsequent effects on the soil microbial community under drought and/or heat stress in two climate-threatened ecosystems. It was evaluated how extreme climate events, that are predicted to be more frequent in the near future, affect the carbon coupling between plants and microorganisms and how microbial communities respond under these circumstances, in order to be able to better predict ecosystem resistance and response mechanisms under future climate change. In chapter 4 a beech forest understory ecosystem was investigated. An extreme climate event (drought and/or heat) was imposed on beech forest monoliths and the strength of the plant-microbe carbon linkages and changes in the microbial community structure and activity were determined by using stable 13C isotope techniques and molecular-based approaches like 16S rRNA and microbial phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. In chapter 5 a small aquatic ecosystems was investigated. Two emergent aquatic macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia, were grown on kettle hole sediment and then exposed to a month-long summer drought in a mesocosm experiment. By conducting a 13CO2 pulse labeling as well as PLFA and non-structural carbohydrate analyses, the fate of carbon was traced from the plant leaves to the roots and into the sediment, where some of the recently assimilated carbon is incorporated into microbial PLFAs. Overall, this study showed that the two investigated ecosystems can endure environmental stress like heat and drought relatively well, at least in the short-term, and that the carbon continuum, or the linkage between above- and belowground communities, remained intact even under severe stress. In conclusion, it seems that ecosystems strongly depend on and try to maintain a functional plant-soil/sediment microorganism carbon continuum under drought, which might help to withstand the increase in extreme drought events under future climate change.

This thesis explores the ideological underpinnings of political soteriological discourse. Through analyzing key texts in liberation theology, using critical theorists such as Theodor W. Adorno and Wendy Brown, I aim to understand to how this soteriological discourse respond to the predicaments that afflict theology in modernity – and to explore the ideological issues with these responses. I then turn to present day Swedish theological conversations concerning salvation and its political use, in order to discuss whether the issues exposed in liberation theology can be considered to continue to be a problem for the present discussion. I also discuss the ethical and theological obstacles connected to the translocation of liberation theology from the Latin America of the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s to present day Sweden, or, in other words: from an exploited continent in protest against imperialism and capitalism, to the continent guilty of so much of the suffering that Latin American liberation theology condemned. What does it mean to turn to liberation theology in this context? I find, in this discourse, a certainty and assuredness concerning the salvation of all, which I find to be at least in part ideologically grounded. Instead, I suggest another direction for political revolutionary soteriology: to unsettle and disturb the modern image of the God-like man; to reconnect with the prehistoric fear of nature through a vigilant and restless immanent critique and through the subversive act of rituals and sacrifice.