Logistik och Supply Chain Management som koncept har fått en ökad uppmärksamhet de senaste åren. Ett föråldrat synsätt på organisationen som en samling vertikala enheter som fungerar autonomt byts ut mot en vision om en flödesorganisation där ett helhetsgrepp om verksamheten och djupare samarbeten med leverantörer och kunder står i fokus. Ökade krav på konkurrenskraft genom effektivisering ställer nya ökade krav på en fungerande planering och styrning av varuflöden och där kan så kallade avancerade planeringssystem (APS) fungera som ett stöd och hjälpmedel. APS för produktions- och distributionsplanering är fortfarande ett nytt och relativt oprövat beslutsstödssystem. De senaste åren har företag som utvecklar affärssystem även börjat utveckla och sälja så kallade APS-moduler som genom sofistikerade matematiska algoritmer och optimeringsfunktionalitet kan stödja styrning och planering av komplexa system såsom försörjningskedjor. Under 2004 genom fördes ett antal strukturförändringar inom utsädesverksamheten hos Svenska Lantmännen, vilket medförde att två produktionsanläggningar och två logistikcenter avvecklades. Bakgrunden till dessa förändringar var överkapacitet och dålig lönsamhet. APS-modulen Movex Supply Chain Planner (SCP) implementerades samtidigt som stöd för huvudplanering för produktgruppen utsäde och planeringen lyftes upp på central nivå. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera vilka effekter strukturförändringar i försörjningskedjan och SCP som beslutsstöd vid huvudplanering har haft på totalkostnad och flöden i produktion och distribution. Genom intervjuer, observationer och datainsamling via Lantmännens affärssystem har en analys av totalkostnadsförändringar och förändringar på flöden i distribution och produktion genomförts. Resultaten av studien visar att Svenska Lantmännens utsädesverksamhet har effektiviserats med avseende på totalkostnad genom strukturförändringar och ett avancerat planeringssystem som stöd för en central huvudplanering. Totalkostnaderna för verksamheten har sjunkit med 11,8 miljoner kronor per år vilket motsvarar knappt 13 % samtidigt som försäljningskvantiteten har ökat något vilket ger en totalkostnadsminskning per fakturerad kvantitet på 15 %, eller 133 kronor per ton. Implementeringen av SCP och de investeringar som var nödvändiga vid strukturförändringarna har haft en återbetalningstid på drygt en månad. Lagernivåer i både produktion och logistikcenter har minskat med knappt 50 % vilket tyder på att ett snabbare genomflöde nu har realiserats och att SCP och central styrning har bidragit till denna förändring. Den potential som har identifierats i det nya planeringssystem och beslutsstödssystem som SCP utgör kan, om rätt förutsättningar ges, innebära att ytterligare effektivisering kan åstadkommas i utsädesverksamheten. Främst finns förbättringspotential i sättet att styra och leda verksamheten. Nu när omorganisationen och centraliseringen är genomförd bör stordriftsfördelar och samordningseffekter kunna uppnås. Slutsatser som kan dras ur denna studie är att positiva effekter på genomflöde och lagernivåer och därmed fraktkostnad, produktionskostnad samt lagerkostnad kan åstadkommas med hjälp av avancerade planeringssystem under förutsättning att verksamheten i övrigt bedrivs på ett effektivt sätt. / Logistics and Supply Chain Management as concepts have gained increased attention during the last years. A vision of the supply chain as a holistic construct with close cooperation between the different organisational units has replaced the traditional picture of the supply chain as a collection of vertically organised functional units. Advanced planning systems (APS) can be used as a tool to meet the increasing demands on effectiveness that puts new pressures on swift and efficient planning and control of the supply chain. APS as a decision support system (DSS) for production and distribution planning is still a new and unexplored tool. During the least few years, companies that sell enterprise resource planning systems, have started developing and implementing APS-modules, which by the aid of sophisticated mathematical algorithms and optimization functionality, supports planning of complex systems such as supply chains. In 2004 structural changes were carried out in the seed production network that resulted in the termination of two production units and two central warehouses at the Swedish Farmers Supply and Crop Marketing Association. The background for these changes was overcapacity and therefore poor profitability. The APS Movex Supply Chain Planner (SCP) was implemented in the same time to support master planning for seed in a new centralized planning function. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on total costs and the flow of goods after the structural changes and the implementation of the advanced planning system at the centralised master planning function. A total cost analysis and a flow analysis have been carried out regarding the seed production and distribution. Data have been collected through interviews, observations and the ERP database. The results of the study show that the structural changes and the implementation of the APS have streamlined the production and distribution network regarding the flow of goods, while the total costs have been reduced. Total costs have decreased by SEK 11,8 million per year, or 13 %, while at the same time the quantity of sold units have increased. This results in a total reduction of cost by some 15 %. The investments regarding the structural changes and the implementation of the SCP of have been paid off in just over one month. Furthermore, inventory levels in production facilities and warehouses have been reduced by almost 50 %. This study indicates that the SCP together with the centralized master planning function has contributed to these changes. Nevertheless, a further potential in the use of the SCP has been identified. There are opportunities to even further streamline the seed production network. The conclusions that can be made from this study is that positive effects on throughput and inventory levels and thus transportation, production and inventory cost has been realized with the aid of an advanced planning systems. However, a prerequisite is that the organisation employing the APS is operated effectively.

To maintain the sustainability of cement and concrete production, there is a trend to use wastes in their production. Soda waste, generated by soda ash production process, and beer waste, generated by beer filtration process, are two locally produced wastes in Turkey and many other countries. The nature of these wastes, mostly their fineness, makes them possible to be used in concrete production, especially as a viscosity modifying agent in the self consolidating type of concrete. In this study, the addition of soda and beer wastes to self consolidating mortar (SCM) and self consolidating concrete (SCC), without any treatment but drying, and its effect on their properties were investigated. Mortar and concrete mixes were prepared using these two wastes as cement or aggregate replacement in various amounts. Tests like slump flow, V-Funnel and L-Box for determining the fresh properties, and compressive strength for the hardened properties of the mixtures were carried out to examine the effects of these wastes on the properties of SCM and SCC. The tests revealed that soda waste takes no role in the strength development of the mixes. However, it is possible to use this waste as aggregate replacement to improve the workability and flowability properties of SCM and SCC. The use of beer waste showed contradictive results. A special treatment for this waste before using it in concrete might be required.

近年來環保意識興起，越來越多國家、政府開始重視環境保護，隨著越來越多相關環保法令規章的通過，企業不得不將環保因素納入企業營運考量。考量到環保因素許多的原料不能再使用，有些原料則是必須回收後再使用來達到環境保護，所以企業不能再獨善其身，企業必須負責將自己售出的產品回收再處理，因此逆向物流(reverse logistics)漸漸地受企業重視。近幾年來越來越多學者投入逆向物流相關議題的研究，但大部份都是針對某單一供應鏈管理策略做探討，例如：楊昭峯(2002),”製造策略對逆向供應鏈績效之影響”。張嘉恆、蘇純繪、林君維(2005),”綠色供應鏈模擬存貨採購策略之研究”。郭文清(2004),”逆向供應鏈製造策略之探討”。本次的研究便是探討比較全面性的供應鏈策略組合造成的影響，希望找出在逆向物流下這些供應鏈管理策略組合對成本之影響？研究目的有二點： 一、 逆向物流下不同策略組合對成本的影響度。 二、 建議企業在哪種逆向物流環境下該採用何種策略組合。 本次的研究方法主要是透過模擬的方式來達成，藉由模擬的方式得知各種供應鏈管理策略組合對成本所造成的影響，而主要的策略架構於供應鏈協會(Supply Chain Council, SCC)所發展的SCOR Model，SCOR Model提供了供應鏈管理中的參考流程如Source(採購)、Make(製造)、Deliver(配送)、Return(回收)，這次研究的策略主要分成這四大區塊，再探討相關策略文獻應用於本研究。決定了相關策略後，再建立成本項目用來評估每一種組合所產生的影響，最後建立實驗模型與流程進行模擬實驗。 關鍵字﹕逆向物流、供應鏈管理、策略組合

ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / The flight test mission services need higher data rates due to increased system complexity and the need for more accurate, higher rate, and better data acquisition. The existing L or S band frequency spectrum allocation was a limiting factor to meet this increased data rate requirement. The World Radio-communication Conference (WRC 2007) attributed new additional frequency spectrum allocations in the C band for Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT). The international flight test community has taken this opportunity to immediately take advantage of the new C-band range 5091-5250MHz. This paper presents the multi-band feed product designed by the RF & Antenna Laboratory of ZODIAC DATA SYSTEMS company. This feed is foreseen to be used in prime focus configuration on any diameter parabola dish providing telemetry and tracking channels in three L, S, and C bands. Here, are described the concept and the technology achieved taking into consideration the performance and industrial constraints. Moreover, this contribution focuses on the electromagnetic simulations of radiating elements, the feed network and RF system integration. This paper is structured as follows: firstly, the objectives and the motivation for developing a prime focus feed which works in L, S, C bands are presented. In particular, the market constraints and approach to find the best solution satisfying the feed RF requirements, and mechanical constraints, such as weight, size and cost, are discussed. The second section describes the 5 step development cycle: principle and technology, design of the telemetry channels and tracking function, cohabitation of the different radiating elements, and problems of the channels isolations. The third section discusses the performance achieved using electromagnetic simulations. The fourth section talks about the integration of RF system feed. The paper concludes by discussing future work using the same concept that is applied to other telecommunication or telemetry frequency bands.

Background: Companies of today commonly search to gain competitive advantages throughout different forms of co-operation, one of which is referred to as Supply Chain Management. Although little research has been assigned to the topic of how to manage and control this type of relation, lately a growing number of academics has been arguing that ABC is an appropriate mean of controlling this type of relationships. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what degree the ongoing debate on the use of ABC as a mean of control within SCM correspond to the present theories related to ABC and SCM respectively. Research method: The thesis takes it’s starting point within the literature, meaning that the empirical information consists of published articles in the ongoing debate. This information is put in relation to the original theories concerning both topics. Conclusions: The results shown in the thesis in some content agrees with the ongoing debate referring to the positive aspects that could result from using ABC as a mean of control within SCM. However the main result of the study is the discovery of a lack of discussion concerning the problems that implementing ABC within SCM might implicate, a fact that we believe contributes to the mainly positive view on using ABC within Supply Chain Management. / Bakgrund Företag av idag ingår i allt större utsträckning i någon form av samarbete för att på så vis skapa sig konkurrensfördelar på marknaden, en av dessa samarbetsformer går under beteckningen Supply Chain Management. Hur styrningen i denna typ av relation bör se ut är ett relativt outforskat ämne, dock finns det i dagens forskningsdebatt flera forskare som förespråkar ABC-kalkylering som ett lämpligt styrinstrument för denna typ av relationer. Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur väl den pågående forskningsdebatten gällande användandet av ABC som styrverktyg inom SCM överensstämmer med befintlig teoribildning inom de respektive forskningsområdena. Genomförande Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i litteraturen, med detta avses att den empiri som studeras består av publicerade artiklar i den aktuella debatten. Informationen ställs sedan i relation till den existerande teoribildningen inom ABC respektive SCM. Slutsats De resultat som framkommer ur studien visar på att den aktuella debatten i vissa avseenden har rätt i de positiva effekter ett ABC-system skulle kunna generera inom SCM. Men vad studien huvudsakligen kommer fram till är att det i forskningsdebatten saknas en ordentlig problematisering av ämnet, vilket enligt oss också förklarar den övervägande positiva syn som föreligger till användandet av ABC inom SCM.

The past years in Lithuanian business surroundings witnessed an explosion in the awareness and use of management tools and techniques. Supplemented by the effects of the superfluity of information, rapid development of IT, continuously increasing expectation from the interested parties, rational selection of the most efficient strategy oriented management tools became one of the important challenges faced by the executives nowadays. In order to put a foundation for the solution of this complex problem in the future, the author purposely narrowed the focus of a master’s thesis concentrating on the sub-problem related to non-existence of any research-based knowledge on the current management tools’ usage peculiarities in Lithuania. The goal of this research paper is to define the current situation in Lithuania regarding the spread, use and satisfaction rate with the strategy oriented management tools benchmarking results with the global trends. This study has also a clearly defined pragmatic objective – to provide the practical guidelines for the executives of various organizations in their management tools’ selection considerations. To achieve this, the author pursued 4 key objectives. The overview of scholarly literature and other secondary sources of information enabled gathering, analyzing and systemizing the main findings related to the strategy oriented management tools: illustration of a variety of more than 70 management tools, exploration of their application... [to full text]

Gesellschaftliche Verantwortung (CSR) nimmt für Unternehmen bedingt durch steigenden Druck seitens verschiedener Stakeholder sowie veränderte gesellschaftliche Erwartungshaltungen und politische Rahmenbedingungen eine immer bedeutenderer Rolle im gesamten Wertschöpfungsprozess ein. CSR geht über die Unternehmensgrenzen hinaus und umfasst die mit dem eigenen Unternehmen verbundenen Leistungsersteller. Die Einkaufsfunktion übernimmt mit einem hohen Anteil am Wertschöpfungsprozess die wichtige Aufgabe, Leistungserstellung bei dritten Unternehmen (Lieferanten) einzukaufen. Häufig sind dies Lieferanten in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern mit teilweise stark abweichenden Produktionsbedingungen. Um fehlende Gesetze und nicht zertifizierbare Standards zu kompensieren, sind insbesondere große Unternehmen dazu angehalten, ihre Lieferantenbasis hinsichtlich CSR-Kriterien zu überprüfen und ein regelkonformes Verhalten sicherzustellen. Die vorliegende Dissertation verfolgt die Idee, die Notwendigkeit einer Integration von CSR als Bewertungskriterium in bestehende Prozesse zu untersuchen, um geeignete Lieferanten für eine strategische Beziehung bewerten zu können. Hierfür wird zunächst anhand von Experteninterviews die praxisorientierte Messmethode „CSR-IndexSA“ auf Basis einer Selbstauskunft entwickelt. Eine Überprüfung auf Reliabilität dieser Messmethode erfolgt mittels einer empirischen Erhebung bei einer hohen Anzahl von Zulieferunternehmen. Eine umfangreiche statistische Analyse bestehender Bewertungskriterien und -prozesse mit der erhobenen CSR-Performance dieser Lieferanten zeigt als Ergebnis eine notwendige eigenständige Integration von CSR als Bewertungskriterium mit einer nur geringen Auswirkung auf bestehende Prozesse. Anhand der empirischen Erhebung konnten desweiteren CSR-Risikofaktoren, wie Unternehmensgröße und Region bestätigt werden. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung zeigen zudem, dass jene Lieferanten mehr Wert auf eine strategische Kunden-/ Lieferantenbeziehung legen, die auch eine hohe CSR-Performance aufweisen. Neben der Überprüfung und Sicherstellung von CSR rückt vermehrt die Information, Schulung und Weiterbildung zu CSR insbesondere von SMEs als Aufgabe für große Unternehmen in den Mittelpunkt. / Based on increased pressure on the part of different stakeholders, changed expectations on social issues as well as political frameworks, corporate social responsibility (CSR) gains more importance within the whole process of value add. Social responsibility extends the limits of the focal enterprise and includes the whole supply chain. The purchasing function is responsible for the important task (within the value add process) to source goods and services from third parties, the suppliers. Often production partners in emerging countries follow different legal and social standards. In order to compensate missing legal requirements and standardized norms, large MNE need to regularly supervise their supply base and secure CSR by themselves. This doctoral thesis aims to investigate the necessity of the integration of CSR as evaluation criterion in existing processes, with the result to be able to evaluate suitable suppliers for strategic relationships. Therefore based on expert interviews the method „CSR-IndexSA“ is being developed. This CSR-IndexSA allows the suppliers’ evaluation with a self assessment. The method is being proved for its reliability and is being adopted in a large scale empirical study involving numerous suppliers. The broad statistical analysis of existing evaluation criteria and processes with the measured suppliers’ CSR performance shows the need of the integration of CSR as independent criterion within the supplier evaluation process. The effects on existing processes are proven to be minor. Those results point to further relations between the “classical” criteria for evaluation and various CSR dimensions (e.g. environmental management) and give advice for an improved supplier evaluation. Furthermore CSR risk factors such as company size or region can be identified through the empirical survey. Long-term partnerships mean an increasingly important success factor in customer supplier relationships. The survey’s results show also that those suppliers who value a strategic relationship as important also have a high rating regarding CSR performance.

[pt] A gestão da cadeia de suprimentos (Supply Chain Management - SCM) é um novo conceito de gerenciamento dos processos de negócios empresariais que extrapola os limites das companhias para incluir também seus principais clientes e fornecedores. Com esse conceito a integração e a troca da informação entre as empresas tornam-se cada vez mais importante para performace destas empresas e de suas cadeias de suprimentos. A consolidação da SCM em diferentes industrias tem-se desenvolvido com o auxílio de Sistemas de Informação (SI). Nesse contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo mapear e analisar os principais processos de negócio da Castrol do Brasil (subsidiária de uma multinacional inglesa do segmento de petróleo, a British Petrolium) sob a perspectiva de seus Sistemas de Informação (SI) - tanto os sistemas limitados às fronteiras desta empresa, como também os sistemas responsáveis pela interface desta empresa com alguns dos membros mais importantes de sua cadeia de suprimento, focando, porém, na parte produtiva e nas operações logísticas (outbound). A partir deste estudo elabora-se uma crítica à SCM da Castrol do Brasil sob a perspectiva dos SI. / [en] The Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a new concept of enterprise business processes management that surpasses the limits of the companies to also include its main clients and suppliers. With this concept the integration and information exchange among companies has become more and more important for these companies performance and their supply chains systems. The SCM consolidation in different industries has been developed with the Information Systems (IS) assistance. In this context, the current dissertation aims to map and analyse the main businesses processes of Castrol do Brasil Ltda (which is a British multinational subsidiary of Petroleum segment - BP) under the perspective of its Information Systems (IS). The dissertation will consider either those systems limited to this company boundaries, as well as the systems responsible for this company`s interface with some of its most important supply chain members, focusing, however, on productive part and logistic operations (outbound). From this study, a critic can be elaborated to Castrol do Brasil Ltda SCM, under IS perspective.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management are known in a professional public awareness more and more as activities which give a competitive advantage to companies which handle it well. The main objective of my diploma was to create a coprehensive guideline for logistics projects. This guideline shows the way how to manager logistics and supply chain management projects. In the theoretical part, I tried to cover the main areas of logistics and supply chain management in conjunction with the project management.The aim of my analysis was to apply the logistics guideline in a specific project for Jednota, spotřebitelské družstvo Ceske Budejovice, from the perspective of consultancy firm which was responsible for the solution of this project.

This thesis offers an overview of essential trends in the field of enterprise information systems. It analyses trends in separate parts of information system, as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Business Intelligence (BI). Then it follows trends like cloud computing, virtualisation, enterprise mobility and Web 2.0.