3 ABSTRACT The theme of my thesis : Use of canisteraphy in the elderly retirement home. The theme: Theme of my thesis was to studying the effect of canisteraphy and its progress on the quality of live senior sof older people living in geriatric facilities. Qualitative study was focused primarily on ganges in sociability and social skills, cognitive area, especially perception of stimulation, memory training, attention and influence on overall to a new environment in a retirement home. Methods : The research had a qualitative charakter, since my direct participation during the theraphy in the retirement home the metod of my research became direct watching the seniors in combination with interwiev. The Results: Using interview and studies, we had introduced the process of canisteraphy and its progress in a retirement home. Results indicated a positive effect especially in the areas of sociability and social skills, cognitive and overall area of adaptation in new environment in a retirement home. Key words : canistheraphy, geriatrics, seniors, retirement home,

The theme of my work is domestic violence against seniors. This phenomenon represents a serious social problem that deserves our attention. The theoretical part deals the types and specifics of violence. I describe the dynamics of violence, which occurs in such a damaged relationship. I try to describe possible solutions of this problem. In my work is also a list of organizations which can seniors contact. The practical part includes research on public awareness at the age 50+ of elder abuse. Here we can find the myths that appear in society and also hinder victims begin to solve their situation. Each of us may encounter violence. We should be able to identify the problem and knowing where to go for help. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

In the introductory part, the thesis deals with the description of terms such as senior, old age and basic physical and mental changes that accompany this period. In the next part of the work is characterized the term client, social worker and outlined the possibilities of social work legislation in the Czech Republic. In the third part of the thesis describes in detail terms such as ethics, ethical conduct, professional ethics, code of ethics, ethical dilemmas and supervision. Based on a written questionnaire and subsequent interview, the following chapter describes the ethical dilemmas of the six social services workers. Furthermore, this chapter describes ethically and problematic situations when working with seniors, which the workers in social services formulated as ethical dilemmas. This part of the thesis is followed by another chapter in which the analysis of the selected dilemmatic situation is performed and an insight into the solution of a particular dilemmatic situation using three ethical theories (deontology, utilitarianism and care ethics) is provided.

I framtidens samhälle förväntas äldre utgöra en stor del av befolkningen. Äldre har större risk att drabbas av funktionedsättningar och sjukdomar jämfört med andra grupper i samhället. Studier har visat att äldre definierar hälsa som en upplevelse att vara självständig och känna samhörighet med andra men även frånvaro av symptom och känna sig positiv samt att ha tillräckligt med energi. Arbetsterapi som profession syftar till att möjliggöra aktiviteter som bidrar till hälsa och välmående. Studier har visat att exergames kan vara en effektiv intervention för positiva hälsoeffekter bland äldre personer. Syftet med studien var därför att beskriva äldre personers attityder till och resonemang om exergames. En kvalitativ studie med fokusgruppintervju genomfördes med fyra äldre personer. Data från intervjun analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat redogörs med ett tema, två kategorier och fyra underkategorier. Det genomgående temat är ”Betydelsefulla faktorer för äldres vilja att spela exergames”. De två kategorierna är ”förutsättningar att spela” och ”motivation att spela”. Resultatet visade vilka förutsättningar deltagarna ansåg det behövdes för att spela men också hur viktig motivationen var för att spela exergames. Deltagarna ansåg att exergames med många moment och högt tempo upplevdes komplicerade och att det upplevdes meningsfullt att spela exergames om det sker för att träna fysiska och kognitiva förmågor. Slutsats: Äldre uttrycker att det finns många hinder att överkomma för att spela exergames. Genom att underlätta hinder för äldre att spela exergames och med kunskap om meningsfulla spel för äldre kan arbetsterapeuter stödja äldre att uppnå aktivitetsengagemang i exergames.

<p>Diabetes is a prevalent disease nowadays, and it is a big challenge, especially for seniors. The biggest challenge for seniors with diabetes is that they need to prick their fingers to test their blood which is painful and horrible. Also, the current glucose meter does not make good use of the glucose data to help them better treat the diabetes. Also, seniors live alone and lag off behind the diabetes information & technology. Therefore, based on seniors’ characteristics, I want to employ new technologies, such as data visualization and AI technology, in the design to help them manage their diabetes more easily. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Through the literature review, I learned the disease information of diabetes, investigated the diabetes situation in the seniors’ group, and studied the seniors’ characteristics, which can make the designs more suitable for seniors. To better understand diabetic seniors’ conditions, needs and wishes, I took part in several diabetes events in Lafayette Indiana, volunteered in the retirement village and conducted a series of interviews in these two settings. By analyzing the peer products, daily self-measurement of my own sugar level and keeping diaries, I learned what do the similar products look like, got some inspiration from them and found problems in the current products. After drawing a bunch of sketches to explore the idea, HTA chart, wireframe, low-fidelity prototype and mockups were developed in the first design iteration. I came up with the smart product system, based on the seniors’ characteristics, combined with new technologies to help seniors with diabetes easily manage their diabetes. Then I conducted the usability testing with the prototype & physical models to refine my design. Finally, usability testing was conducted again to make sure my products provide a pleasant experience for seniors with diabetes. With this smart system, testing blood becomes a happy & relaxing experience and seniors can join the diabetes group to support each other. Moreover, Seniors with diabetes can get feedback and suggestions from the system. </p>

Introdução: Paradoxalmente, a literatura gerontológica utiliza indicadores de participação social como parâmetros de avaliação de uma boa velhice ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta tendências de afastamento social como normativos. Compreender os fatores que se associam à manutenção da participação pode lançar luz sobre esse aparente paradoxo. A manifestação de propósito de vida na velhice tem sido sugerida como uma das variáveis explicativas da manutenção em participação social, porém pouco testada empiricamente. Objetivo: Descrever indicadores de participação social entre idosos comunitários. Testar se há associações diretas e indiretas com as variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade, número de doenças e mobilidade mediadas por propósito de vida. Método: Estudo realizado a partir de dados de 109 idosos (média= 78,48 [+4,30] anos; 63,3 % feminino) participantes do estudo de seguimento FIBRA (Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros) em Ermelino Matarazzo. Características sociodemográficas e econômicas, preservação de mobilidade, saúde, respostas à Escala de Propósito de Vida e ao Inventário de participação em atividades sociais foram selecionados do banco de dados. Foi utilizada a estratégia de Análise de Equações Estruturais (Path Analysis) para testar o modelo explicativo da participação social, com destaque para a variável, propósito de vida como mediadora dessas relações. Resultados: Houve maior manutenção em atividades sociais com interação face-a-face e associações diretas entre escolaridade, mobilidade e propósito de vida e participação social e indireta entre idade e participação social, mediada por propósito de vida. Conclusão: Os dados sugerem uma realocação da frequência em atividades sociais na velhice, sem que isso represente desengajamento social. Embora alterações de mobilidade e baixa escolaridade relacionem-se com menor participação, propósito de vida potencialmente amplia as possibilidades de manutenção das atividades sociais mesmo com o avanço da idade / Introduction:. Paradoxically, the gerontological literature uses indicators of social participation as parameters of evaluation of a good old age while it presents tendencies of social withdrawal as normative. Understanding the factors associated with maintaining participation can shed light on this apparent paradox. The manifestation of life purpose in old age has been suggested as one of the explanatory variables of maintenance in social participation, but little empirically tested. Objective: To describe indicators of social participation among community elders. To test whether there are direct and indirect associations with the variables sex, age, schooling, number of diseases and mobility mediated by purpose of life. Method: Data from 109 elderly (mean = 78.48 [+4.30] years, 63.3% female) were enrolled in the follow-up FIBRA (Fragility in Brazilian Elderly) study in Ermelino Matarazzo. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics, mobility preservation, health, Life Purpose Scale responses and Social participation participation were selected from the database. The analysis of Path Analysis was used to test the explanatory model of social participation, with emphasis on the variable life purpose as a mediator of these relationships. Results: There was greater maintenance in social activities with face-to-face interaction and direct associations between schooling, mobility and life purpose, and social and indirect participation between age and social participation, mediated by life purpose. Conclusion: The data suggest a reallocation of the frequency in social activities in old age, without this representing social disengagement. Although mobility changes and low schooling are associated with less participation, life purpose potentially broadens the possibilities of maintaining social activities even with advancing age

Since many seniors are non-car holders, they are often dependent of the public transport system in reaching vital services, such as primary health care centers. Having spatial accessibility to primary health care centers can be of importance not only for preventing fatal outcomes of chronic diseases, but also for the utilization of these services. The aim of this study is to analyze how accessible primary health care centers are for people from the age of 65 and older in Uppsala by analyzing the public transport system. Statistical data on populations was collected, such as positions of bus stops and primary health care centers. GIS was used as a tool in order to analyze and visualize the data with maps. Accessibility was implemented through the cumulative opportunities measure with distance as impedance to get the total number of primary health care centers reached within each residential area. The measure of centrality was based on the assumption of Uppsala being a monocentric city where the central point was set at the most central clinic in the city. A regression analysis was conducted in order to see if closeness to a public health care facility, wealth, disposable income and centrality had an impact on accessibility and if there were any differences between the seniors and the general population in accessibility. The results showed that seniors were having better access to primary health care centers than the total population. The seniors who were living within a walking distance to a primary health care center had better accessibility, but fewer primary health care centers to choose from. Furthermore, both rich and poor individuals had an increase in accessibility suggesting that poor seniors do not have lower accessibility. Residential areas with a higher and lower disposable income had slightly lower accessibility. At last, the centrality measure showed a similar result, where central and peripheral areas had lower accessibility but areas in between had higher accessibility, which stands in contrast with the conducted maps, indicating that Uppsala might be a polycentric and not a monocentric city.

Webben kan användas i många syften och kan skapa ett mervärde både i arbetslivet och det privata livet för människor. Idag förekommer användande av datorer, webben och IT generellt i ett flertal branscher. IT har också blivit en del av det svenska utbildningssystemet där det händer att skolan förser eleverna med en dator och tillhörande program att utföra studier med. De flesta av svenskarna får idag någon form av datorvana genom antingen jobb eller studier, något som vissa seniorer har gått miste om. Personer över 75 år är med marginal den åldersgrupp (räknat från tolv år och äldre) som i Sverige använder internet mest sällan. När frågan ställs om varför är svaret ”det är för krångligt” vanligt förekommande. Denna studie syftar att ta reda på hur användande av webben kan underlättas för seniorer (definierat till personer 75 år och äldre i denna studie). Till en början gick studien ut på att ta reda på vad seniorer kan få ut av att använda internet och webben. Det gjordes genom en litteratursökning och genom ett antal intervjuer. Det framkom att seniorer som faktiskt använder webben på ett eller annat sätt nyttjar exempelvis internetbank, mail och nyheter genom såväl dator som smartphone och surfplatta. Dessa tre områden (mail, internetbank och nyheter) användes i studien som centra för testen som skulle undersöka hur seniorers interaktion med webben kan underlättas. Ett webbläsartillägg utformades anpassat till ovan tre beskrivna områden. Kort beskrivet är ett webbläsartillägg ett lokalt program/tillägg som går att installera i sin webbläsare för att personligen ha tillgång till extern funktionalitet, exempelvis att blockera reklam. Webbläsartillägget som skapades i denna studie gav användarens webbläsare grafiska element som var tänkta att hjälpa användaren att lösa ett antal fördefinierade uppgifter. Tre olika koncept testades under studien. Med koncept syftas här hur den grafiska hjälpen utformas. Användartester utfördes med och utan webbläsartillägg som hjälp för att kunna se om det var någon skillnad på resultaten. När tester utfördes med webbläsartillägget roterades koncepten beskrivna ovan så att alla tre koncept testades under likvärdiga förutsättningar. Testpersonerna som utförde tester med webbläsartillägget fick även möjlighet att ge anonym respons på koncepten genom att fylla i enkäter. Enligt resultaten av denna studie lyckas seniorer bättre (större andel lyckade försök) och snabbare att utföra vardagliga uppgifter när det fanns tillgång till en lista med hur uppgiften ska utföras eller genom att viktiga rubriker och knappar för uppgiften är markerade. / The web can be used in multiple purposes and can create a value both at work and in the personal life of people. Today computers, internet and IT in general are commonly used in multiple professions. IT has also become a part of the Swedish educational system where it happens that the schools provides the students with a computer with including programs to conduct their studies. Most swedes today gets some kind of computer habit from either work or education, something that certain seniors have missed out on. People above the age of 75 is by margin the age-group (taking in to account twelve years and older) that most seldom uses internet in Sweden. When asked why a common answer is “it is too hard”. This study aims to find out in what ways the use of the web can be made easier for seniors (in this study defined as 75 years of age and older). For starters the study focused on finding out what seniors can get out of using internet and the web. That was done by literature searching and a number of interviews. It showed that seniors who actually uses the web one way or the other uses for example internet banking, mail and news by computer, smartphone and/or tablet. These three areas (internet banking, mail and news) was used as a Centre in the user tests who was conducted in order to find out how seniors can be assisted in their interaction with the web. A browser extension was formed suited to the three areas mentioned above. Browser extensions is a sort of a local program/extension to install in your browser to personally have access to external functionality, such as blocking advertisement. The browser extension formed in this study gave the users browser graphic elements with the purpose to help the user solve a number of predetermined tasks. Three concepts was tested in the study. In the context of this study a concept is the way that the graphic assist is formed. User tests was conducted with and without the browser extension as an assist in order to see if there was a difference in the results. When tests was conducted with the browser extension the concepts was rotated so that all three concepts was tested on equal basis. The test persons who conducted the tests with the browser extension also got the opportunity to give anonymous feedback on the concepts through an inquiry that was filled out after conducted test. The result of the user tests and the inquiry indicates that seniors would appreciate a step by step guide for tasks on the web. According to the results of this study seniors conducts everyday tasks both quicker and with more success when there is a step by step list or highlighted headlines and buttons describing said task.

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar as despesas com saúde diante de um cenário de envelhecimento populacional, no Brasil, em 2008-2009. Especificamente, objetiva-se detectar quais são os determinantes das despesas relacionadas à saúde, avaliando o quanto a idade influencia na determinação das despesas com assistência à saúde. Além da idade, serão analisadas outras variáveis como a renda, nível de escolaridade, gênero, cor ou raça declaradas pelo indivíduo, e fatores relacionados à localidade. O método de obtenção dessas estimativas foi o tobit. Além disso, objetiva-se calcular a elasticidade-renda das despesas com assistência à saúde, comparando famílias que possuem idosos com as famílias que não possuem idosos. Para isso foram utilizados dados da POF (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares) 2008-2009. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis que se destacaram como determinantes na despesa com assistência à saúde no Brasil foram a renda, a idade e a escolaridade. Um aumento na renda causa um aumento na despesa com saúde quase na mesma proporção. Distinguindo famílias com e sem idosos, um aumento de 10% na renda causa um aumento na despesa com saúde em 8,84% para famílias sem idosos e em 9,21% para famílias com idosos. Planos de saúde, tratamentos dentários e tratamentos médicos e ambulatoriais podem ser considerados como bens superiores, de acordo com os resultados. / The main objective of this study is to analyze health expenditures in the face of a scenario of an aging population, in Brazil, in 2008-2009. Specifically, the objective is to identify the determinants of health-related expenditures, evaluating the influence of the age in the determination of health care expenditures. Beyond the age, other variables such as the income, level of education, gender, color or race declared by the individual, and factors related to the local areas will be analyzed. The method of obtaining these estimates was the tobit. Furthermore, the objective is to estimate the income elasticity of the expenditure on health care, comparing families that have elders with families which do not have elders. To this end, data from HBS (Household Budget Survey) 2008-2009 where used. The results show that the variables that stood out as determinants of health care expenditure in Brazil were income, age and education. An increase in income causes an increase in health spending of almost the same proportion. Differentiating families with and without elderly members, a 10% increase in income causes an increase in health spending of 8.84% for families without elderly and 9.21% for families with elderly pearsons. Health plans, dental and medical treatments and outpatient treatments can be considered as superior goods, according to the results.

Le vieillissement de la population dans les pays développés remet en question la soutenabilité des systèmes de retraite par répartition. Plusieurs réformes ont donc été engagées pour faire face à ce défi démographique. Cependant, les effets des réformes mises en place ont été questionnés. Leur efficacité dépend en effet de la manière dont les seniors répondent aux réformes. Or, les seniors présentent des profils très différents notamment autour de deux dimensions qui sont l’environnement de travail et la situation familiale. Cette hétérogénéité entre les seniors peut affecter leurs comportements de départ à la retraite. Ne pas prendre en compte cette diversité en termes d’environnements dans lesquels évoluent les seniors peut donc conduire à des biais lors des évaluations de politiques publiques. De ce fait, ce travail de thèse analyse, en utilisant des méthodes économétriques, les déterminants, et particulièrement le rôle de l’hétérogénéité professionnelle et familiale, du processus de décision de départ à la retraite. Dans un premier temps, l’hétérogénéité des individus en termes d’environnement professionnel est prise en compte lors de l’analyse du rôle de la qualité de vie au travail dans le processus de décision de départ à la retraite. Dans un second temps, l’hétérogénéité en termes d’environnement familial est prise en compte lors de l’analyse du processus de décision au sein des couples et des déterminants à ce processus pour chacun des conjoints. Finalement, une évaluation de politique publique sous le prisme de décisions jointes au sein des couples est réalisée pour tester la présence d’effet de débordement, via le conjoint, de la réforme sur la stratégie de départ à la retraite propre à l’individu. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse soulignent le rôle important de l’hétérogénéité des seniors lors de la décision de départ à la retraite. Ces résultats encouragent donc la prise en compte, par les décideurs publiques, de cette hétérogénéité des seniors. La coordination des politiques sociales liées à la retraite, la famille et la qualité de vie au travail est une piste pour considérer cette hétérogénéité entre les seniors / The aging of the population calls into question the sustainability of Pay-As-You-Go pension system, especially in Europe. Therefore, several reforms have been implemented to face this demographic challenge. However, the effects of those reforms have been questioned. Indeed, the success of such policies depends on how people respond to changes in their pension eligibility. In reality though, several factors may limit the reforms impact. People are indeed heterogeneous in terms of work environment and family. These heterogeneity may affect their retirement behaviors. To not take into account this individuals’ heterogeneity may lead to bias within public policy evaluations. Hence, this thesis analyses, with econometrics methods, determinants of retirement decisions making process by considering this individuals’ heterogeneity. First, the heterogeneity within work environment is taken into account by analyzing the role of job quality in the process of retirement decisions. Second, the family heterogeneity is studied by questioning joint retirement process into couples and determinants of this process for each spouse. Third, consequences to public policies are then studied as it is estimated to what extent a change in pension eligibility rules has direct and also spillover effects, through the partner, on spouses’ retirement probabilities. Results of this thesis work highlight the significant role of older workers’ heterogeneity during retirement decision. Those findings thus encourage policy makers to take into account this individuals’ heterogeneity. The coordination of social policies relate to retirement, family and job quality is a key issue for reflection