Esta tese trata da análise das condições existentes nos cursos de licenciatura em Geografia com a mediação do território brasileiro. A existência destes cursos tem relação com os processos históricos, sociais, políticos e espaciais. Os eventos, sobretudo os relativos à educação superior, são fundamentais para o entendimento de algumas de suas principais características. Nesta pesquisa, constatou-se que algumas das problemáticas destes cursos, embora em novas condições políticas, educacionais e espaciais, permanecem ainda hoje, tais como: a relação dos perfis dos cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado, a dicotomia entre Geografia Física e Humana, bem como a falta de professores, entre outras. Para operacionalizar esta pesquisa, privilegiou-se a análise dos cursos no período pós 1996, devido à influência das políticas estabelecidas pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (1996), pela legislação própria das licenciaturas (2002), pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Geografia (2002), pelo sistema de avaliação de cursos e pelo Plano de Expansão das IES Federais (2007). Os dados qualitativos e quantitativos nesta tese são, principalmente, provenientes de depoimentos de docentes, coordenadores e discentes das licenciaturas em Geografia no Brasil; do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep); do questionário socioeconômico dos estudantes de Geografia, que fizeram o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), nas dimensões docente, discente e de elementos curriculares dos cursos, a partir dos quais foram produzidos gráficos, tabelas e mapas. Após uma apresentação geral dos cursos, realizou-se uma análise pormenorizada da situação das licenciaturas em Geografia na Amazônia, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco e dos cursos de Geografia oferecidos a Distância, que se interiorizaram no território brasileiro. Decorre como resultado da pesquisa que o processo de interiorização criou algumas singularidades nas licenciaturas pesquisadas, que têm relação com a formação e dinâmica territorial do Brasil, com o tipo de IES no qual o curso está inserido e com a modalidade na qual a licenciatura em Geografia é oferecida. / This thesis analyses the existing conditions of the Geography Teaching Courses with the mediation of the Brazilian territories. These courses have a strict relation with the historical, social, political and spatial processes. The events, especially those related to Higher Education, are centrally for understanding some of their main characteristics. Although within new political, educational and spatial conditions, some problematic aspects of these courses - that remain even these days - were detected in this research, such as the relation of the profile of undergraduate Geography Teaching Courses and Bachelors Degree Courses, the dichotomy between Physical and Human Geography, as well as the lack of teachers, among others. For carrying this research out, courses created after 1996 were focused on in the analysis, especially due to the influence of the policies established by the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (1996); by the specific legislation of Teaching Courses (2002); by the National Curricular Guidelines for the Geography Courses (2002); by the evaluation system of courses and by the Expansion Plan of Federal Institutions (2007). The qualitative and quantitative data of this thesis were, mainly, gathered from the testimony of teachers, coordinators and students of undergraduate Geography Teaching Courses in Brazil; from The Anísio Teixeira National Institute of Studies and Educational Research (Inep); from the social economical questionnaire answered by Geography students, who did the National Exam of Students Performance (Enade), on the dimensions related to teachers, students and curricular elements of the courses. With these data, graphics, tables and maps were produced. After a general overview of the courses, a detailed analysis of the current situation of the Geography Teaching Courses offered in Amazônia, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco all regions/ cities in the North and Northeast of Brazil - was provided. Geography courses offered in the Distance Modality, which were implemented in an inner Brazilian territory, were also analysed. The research results highlighted that the implementation of courses in the inner territory of Brazil has created some singularities in the researched courses. These singularities are related to the formation and the territorial dynamics of Brazil and also to the kind of institution in which the course is offered, as well to the type of modality of the course.

Toute organisation se doit de gérer leur performance en mettant en place un ensemble de processus organisationnels et de technologies visant à optimiser l'exécution de leur stratégie pour atteindre leurs objectifs. Afin de faire le suivi de l’atteinte des objectifs et d’aider à la prise de décision, les tableaux de bord de gestion (TBG) gagnent de plus en plus en popularité auprès des gestionnaires. Un TBG est un outil visuel présentant les informations nécessaires à l’atteinte d’un ou plusieurs objectifs. Ces informations sont consolidées et organisées sur un seul écran afin de pouvoir les surveiller en un seul coup d’œil et de suivre les progrès par rapport aux objectifs définis. Un TBG doit principalement permettre aux gestionnaires d’obtenir une représentation mentale véridique et complète de l’état de la situation. Le modèle théorique de la conscience de la situation (CS) caractérise cette représentation mentale en trois niveaux : perception, compréhension et projection. La prise de décision s’appuie en grande partie sur la capacité à anticiper l’état futur de l’environnement qui réfère au niveau de la projection de la CS. Cette projection se base principalement sur la connaissance du système causal de l’environnement. Or, dans le domaine de la gestion, les différentes méthodes de conception de TBG n’abordent pas ou peu ce système causal et aucune de ces méthodes ne rend explicite ce système causal dans l’interface visuelle d’un TBG. Ce mémoire a ainsi pour objectif premier de proposer une technique de conception de TBG causal basée sur le système causal de l’environnement afin de mieux soutenir les trois niveaux de la CS, principalement le niveau de la projection. La littérature scientifique sur la CS et les modèles mentaux sont à la base de cette technique de conception. Cette recherche se distingue par le fait qu’elle applique à la gestion des notions provenant du domaine de l’ingénierie cognitive. Ces notions ont été appliquées dans des domaines tels l’aviation et le contrôle de processus industriels, mais rarement à la gestion. Le deuxième objectif est d’appliquer cette technique pour la conception d’un TBG causal pour la gestion de l’unité des soins intensifs pédiatriques du Centre hospitalier universitaire Ste-Justine. Finalement, le dernier objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer expérimentalement le TBG causal en le comparant à un TBG traditionnel. Le TBG traditionnel est similaire au TBG causal sauf qu’il ne présente pas de manière explicite le système causal. Cette expérimentation a été réalisée auprès de dix gestionnaires hospitaliers pendant une simulation de tâches. Cette simulation durait environ une heure et était constituée de dix-huit questions. Chaque question était reliée à un des trois niveaux de la CS. Afin d’évaluer le soutien de la CS par rapport au type de TBG utilisé, l’efficacité des réponses et le temps de complétion des tâches sont les mesures de performance analysées. Les principaux résultats de cette étude démontrent que l’explicitation du système causal ne permet pas d’avoir de meilleures prédictions, mais permet de réduire significativement le temps de réponse pour les tâches liées aux niveaux de la compréhension et de la projection de la CS.

The maritime industry is experiencing one of its longest and fastest periods of growth. Hence, the global maritime surveillance capacity is in a great need of growth as well. The detection of vessel activity is an important objective of the civil security domain. Detecting vessel activity may become problematic if audit data is uncertain. This thesis aims to investigate if Bayesian networks acquired from expert knowledge can detect activities with a signature-based detection approach. For this, a maritime pilot-boat scenario has been identified with a domain expert. Each of the scenario’s activities has been divided up into signatures where each signature relates to a specific Bayesian network information node. The signatures were implemented to find evidences for the Bayesian network information nodes. AIS-data with real world observations have been used for testing, which have shown that it is possible to detect the maritime pilot-boat scenario based on the taken approach.

Fighter pilots operate in environments where an erroneous decision may have fatal consequences. A tactical decision support system (TDSS) could aid the pilots to analyze the situation and make correct decisions. The TDSS can, for instance, highlight important information and suggest suitable actions. The aim of this thesis is to provide a situation analysis model of combat survival that can be utilized in a TDSS. The first part of this thesis describes an analysis of what the model needs to describe and how it can be used. It is concluded that the model should evaluate the outcome of different actions with respect to combat survival. This evaluation can guide the pilot’s decision making, so that actions leading to dangerous situations are avoided. The analysis also highlights the need of handling uncertainties, both measurement precision uncertainty regarding the locations and capabilities of the threats (enemies) and inference uncertainties regarding the prediction of how the threats will act. Finally, arguments for focusing the rest of the work on a single fighter aircraft and threats located on the ground are presented. The second part of the thesis suggests a model, which describes the survivability, i.e., the probability that the aircraft can fly a route without being hit by fire from ground-based threats. Thus, the model represents the inference uncertainty, since it describes the probability of survival. The model’s characteristics are discussed, e.g., that the model is implementable and can be adapted to describe different kinds of ground-based threats. Uncertainty in terms of measurement precision influences the estimate of the survivability. Two different ways of representing this is discussed: calculating the worst case scenario or describing the input as random variables and the resulting survivability as a random variable with a probability distribution. Monte Carlo simulations are used for estimating the distribution for survivability in a few illustrative scenarios, where the input is represented as random variables. The simulations show that when the uncertainty in input is large, the survivability distribution may be both multimodal and mixed. Two uncertainty measures are investigated that condense the information in the distributions into a single value: standard deviation and entropy. The simulations show that both of these measures reflect the uncertainty. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that the uncertainty measures can be used for sensor management, since they point out which information that is the most valuable to gather in order to decrease the uncertainty in the survivability. Finally, directions for future work are suggested. A number of TDSS functions that can be developed based on the model are discussed e.g., warnings, countermeasure management, route-planning and sensor management. The design of these functions could require extending the threat model to incorporate airborne threats and the effects of countermeasures. Further investigations regarding the uncertainty in the model are also suggested.

Att uppnå situationsmedvetenhet kan helt avgöra ifall en person klarar av att lösa en specifik uppgift eller inte. Dagens ledningssystem har ofta som uppgift att stödja användaren att upp nå situationsmedvetenhet och därmed klara av att lösa sina uppgifter. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka vilka potentiella brister det kan tänkas finnas inom de militära och civila ledningssystemen. Att lista dessa problem är av intresse då det är av stor vikt att kunna se hur dessa system skulle kunna tänkas förbättras. Både utvecklare och användare har intervjuats i syfte att samla in viktiga åsikter. Resultatet blev en lista där de största problemen redovisades samt vilken inverkan de kan tänkas ha på användaren och dennes arbetsuppgifter.

This essay examines the epideictic genre by using qualitative method to analyze acceptance speeches from the Swedish Grammy awards. These speeches and their speakers are often described as rhetorically mediocre and there seems to be a notion within the music community that an acceptance speech is personal and without deeper meaning. From a functionalistic perspective on genre, these speeches can be seen as working together with other genres that carry information about the winners. Why would skilled performers who know how to entertain an audience choose to repeat rhetorical mistakes? This essay uses different perspectives on rhetorical situation and genre as well as multimodal analysis of verbal- and nonverbal communication, to argue that these particular speeches in this particular situation come with their own set of expectations and values that the speakers have to acknowledge if they are to meet the epideictic purpose: To unite the audience around common values and create an enjoyable collective memory. The results show that most of the winners do so by multimodal activity where verbal and nonverbal communication work together to highlight values that are part of each winner’s persona as well as values that are celebrated within the music community as a whole.

Swedish nuclear power plant control room crews have training sessions in full scope simulators every year. These sessions are designed to prepare operators to cope with incidents and accidents. The aim is to develop operators’ knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to operate the nuclear power plant in a safe manner. Training sessions is an opportunity to practice and develop the crews’ teamwork, decision processes and working strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how the instrument Shared Priorities can support training of nuclear power plant control room crews. Shared Priorities is an instrument to measure teams’ shared awareness of a situation and has in earlier studies been used in military and student teams. During the simulator re-training period of control room crews, 14 crews used the instrument Shared Priorities in one or two of their training scenarios. The instrument consists of two steps. Firstly, crew members generate and prioritise a list of five items they think are most important for the crew to cope with in the scenarios current situation. They also rank another crew member’s list. Secondly, the crews and instructors perform a focus group discussion based on the generated lists. Results from questionnaires, focus group discussions and an interview with instructors showed that operators and instructors believe that Shared Priorities can support their training in several ways. Crews see meetings and other disseminations of information as an essential part of maintaining shared understanding of different situations. They believe the instrument may help crews reflect upon and develop their meeting procedures. Operators and instructors also believe that by using the instrument it can help crews to increase their understanding of having a shared situation understanding and shared vision. However the procedure when using Shared Priorities has to be modified in order to be able to support crews’ training in an optimal way.

The thesis deals with reactivity in response to a frustrating situation for convicted offenders. The main issue in the theoretical element is reactivity; or rather the behaviour and manifestation of reactions in the moment when an individual gets into stressful situations, is impeded or blocked in achieving their target. The definition of frustration is an equally important area, which, in the thesis is initially described from the perspective of classic theorists, and then the various ways how we examine and diagnose frustration. The last and equally important chapter consists of the offender's personality, which is defined in the context of the aforementioned frustration and reactivity. The aim of the empirical component is to obtain quantitative data on the most frequent reactions among criminal offenders in the moment before they face the obstacle that is blocking their achievement of goals or satisfaction. The research sample was composed of 69 convicted criminal offenders from remand prisons Pankrác, Hradec Kralové and prison Plzeň. The Picture Rosenzweig frustration method was used to examine the reactivity as a result of frustration. Four hypothesis was determined and only one hypothesis was confirmed. Extragression, outside oriented response, is the most frequently response in comparison...

Chronic illness of a child has an influence over the whole family system. Despite this fact healthy siblings have been overlooked by the majority of research. Some foreign studies declare that this population is in higher risk of developing psychsocial problems. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a closer study on psychosocial characteristics of the siblings of children with diabetes mellitus type 1. The main concern of the theoretical part is the review of current literature dealing with the topic of siblings of chronically ill child and their families. The conducted research included quantitative and qualitative methods exploring sibling psychosocial problems and prosocial behaviour, self-esteem, siblings attitude towards illness and family functioning. The results stress out the important relationship between sibling adjustment, self-esteem and individual and family characteristics. The results also present the main themes connected with siblings feeling of fear, sadness and anger, with applied coping strategies and perceived rewards and costs of the illness for family. Keywords: siblings, diabetes mellitus type 1, psychosocial situation

The thesis is dedicated to the ISAF's Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Afghanistan. The research focus of this study is the analysis of specific geographic factors related to location of selected reconstruction teams in Afghan provinces. Geographic factors affecting security consist of armed groups, warlords, ethno-cultural structure of population and terrain type of the areas examined. Structure, investments, prevailing priorities and effect of local area characteristics are analysed in connection with selected provincial reconstruction teams. The study aims to determine whether teams managed to stabilize the situation in their provinces and which geographic factors affected the safety of their activities.