<p>The purpose with this inquiry was to investigate why women do not advance to higher positions of leadership in a bank. I have interviewed five female employees in the company. The theoretical starting points I have used in this study are such as organization theory and leadership. There are four conceptions that obstructs women to develop for higher positions of leadership. There are conceptions that men ought to have better social network with other men than women. Other conceptions that affects women’s position in the company is the dictatorial language that are used by the sexes. Women and men don’t understand each other, and it conducts in complications for women. The fourth conception is the family situation, for instance the maternity leave affects women in there position in the company.</p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka förståelsen för varför kvinnliga anställda inte avancerar till lokalbankschefsnivån i en bank. Jag har intervjuat fem kvinnliga anställda på företaget. De valda teoretiska utgångspunkterna utgör organisationsteori och ledarskap. Det finns fyra föreställningar som hindrar kvinnor att avancera sig på högre chefsnivå. Det är bland annat föreställningarna om att kvinnor och män har skilda uppfattningar om ledarskap. Det finns föreställningar om att männens nätverkskontakter skulle vara bättre än kvinnornas. Andra föreställningar som påverkar kvinnors situation på företaget är den maktspråk som finns. Kvinnor och män förstår inte varandra, vilket leder till komplikationer för kvinnorna. Den fjärde föreställningen är familjesituationen, exempelvis mammaledighet påverkar kvinnors position på företaget.</p>

Feminist scholars have in many instances led the way in challenging the tendency of academics to make transcendent claims from a disembodied and unmarked position, often in the name of objectivity. One means of reinstating the writer in the act of writing and thus circumventing discourse that, in effect, erases the writer as well as the complexities of the subject is to teach from the perspective of situated knowledges: that is, from the understanding that knowledge is mediated by one's cultural, ideological, and historical position. Moreover, the concept of situated knowledges challenges the positivist assumptions that place the writer outside of the cultural and situational context of the research subject. Situated knowledge thus holds out some intriguing possibilities for the future shape of the teaching of academic discourse. Foremost among those experimenting with the practice of positioning oneself in academic discourse are those scholars working in the cross-disciplinary field of Women's Studies. This dissertation analyzes the rhetorical strategies that three feminist scholars working at the University of Arizona employ in situating themselves in their professional writing. Each scholar occupies a different position along the continuum that represents the efforts to locate oneself. The most conservative strategy common to conventional ideological positioning is one in which the writer avoids any reference to personal location while situating herself within a community of scholars by means of reference and citation. Further along the continuum, the writer may invoke a form of strategic essentialism, critiquing those semiotic systems that enforce various forms of oppression while defining the social context to the advantage of the oppressed group. At the furthest extreme, the researcher acts as participant observer, placing herself in the research situation using a self-reflexive research methodology. In closing, I survey the potential that feminist research methodologies hold for writing pedagogy, especially in assisting our students in locating themselves in their own scholarly pursuits.

本研究目的在針對國中生在輔導情境的被看重知覺，以及其對輔導效果之關係進行探討。研究樣本採立意取樣，以台灣地區受輔國中生共303名為研究對象，研究方式為問卷調查法。研究結果發現：在輔導老師的背景變項部分，相關系所在輔導情境的被看重知覺量表得分高於非相關系所，大學程度在輔導情境的被看重知覺量表及輔導效果量表上皆高於研究所程度，年資4-6年及7-9年的輔導教師在這兩個量表上皆高於10年以上者。在受輔國中生部分，兩個量表的研究結果都顯示主動個案得分高於被動個案。在輔導情境的被看重知覺研究結果上，情緒問題及人際問題皆高於家庭問題。在輔導效果的研究結果上，情緒問題及行為問題皆高於家庭問題。而輔導情境的被看重知覺的四個因子：「保護、信任與支持」、「適當引導與反映」、「注意與肯定」及「傾聽」對輔導效果有較高的預測力，顯示在輔導情境中，運用此四個策略能有效增進輔導效果。 / The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived mattering of junior high students under counseling situation and the counseling effect. This study used purposive sampling. Subjects were 303 Taiwanese junior high students under counseling situation. The way of this survey was questionnaire research method. The results were: in the part of school counselor, the score of perceived mattering under counseling situation scale was higher in the related-graduated department ones than non-related ones. Undergraduate-degree school counselors got higher score in both perceived mattering under counseling situation scale and counseling effect scale then graduate ones. 4-6 year and 7-9 year working-experience school counselors got higher score in both two scales than over 10 year ones. In the part of junior high students under counseling situation, the results of both two scales showed that active clients got higher score in both two scales then passive ones. In perceived mattering under counseling situation scale, clients of emotional problem and interpersonal problem got higher score then clients of family problem. In counseling effect scale, clients of emotional problem and behavior problem got higher score then clients of family problem. In perceived mattering under counseling situation, there were four factors which could highly expect counseling effect. These four factors were: “protection, trust and support”, “properly guidance and response”, “attention and acknowledge” and “listening”. Using these strategies can enhance counseling effect.

In this thesis we study a reasoning module for agents that have cognitive abilities, such as memory, perception, action, and are expected to function autonomously for long periods of time. The module provides the ability to reason about action and change using the language of the situation calculus and variants of the basic action theories. The main focus of this thesis is on the logical problem of progressing an action theory. First, we investigate the conjecture by Lin and Reiter that a practical first-order definition of progression is not appropriate for the general case. We show that Lin and Reiter were indeed correct in their intuitions by providing a proof for the conjecture, thus resolving the open question about the first-order definability of progression and justifying the need for a second-order definition. Then we proceed to identify three cases where it is possible to obtain a first-order progression with the desired properties: i) we extend earlier work by Lin and Reiter and present a case where we restrict our attention to a practical class of queries that may only quantify over situations in a limited way; ii) we revisit the local-effect assumption of Liu and Levesque that requires that the effects of an action are fixed by the arguments of the action and show that in this case a first-order progression is suitable; iii) we investigate a way that the local-effect assumption can be relaxed and show that when the initial knowledge base is a database of possible closures and the effects of the actions are range-restricted then a first-order progression is also suitable under a just-in-time assumption. Finally, we examine a special case of the action theories with range-restricted effects and present an algorithm for computing a finite progression. We prove the correctness and the complexity of the algorithm, and show its application in a simple example that is inspired by video games.

Our purpose with this qualitative study is to investigate how teachers experience their work situation, using Karasek and Theorell’s demand-, control- and support model. The study is based upon ten semi-structured interviews with gymnasium teachers. The interviews were transcribed and coded with three different themes; demand, control and support. We analyzed the results with Karasek and Theorell’s mentioned model. The results shows that all three dimensions – demand, control and support – seem important for teachers’ experienced work situation. Though we found that social support seems to be more important than the degree of control, which is the most important dimension according to Karasek and Theorell’s model, as well as according to previous research within the area of psychosocial disorder. Further, we reached the conclusion that a high level of control does not always have to be favorable, as it might cause more stress for the employees. / Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur lärare på en utvald gymnasieskola upplever sin arbetssituation, utifrån Karaseks och Theorells krav-, kontroll och stödmodell. Vi önskar få en djupare förståelse för hur lärares välmående påverkas av krav, kontroll och stöd i arbetet. Vi genomförde tio semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med gymnasielärare på den utvalda skolan. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades och kodades därefter utifrån tre olika teman; krav, kontroll samt stöd. Analysen gjordes utifrån Karaseks och Theorells ovan nämnda modell. Resultatet visar att samtliga dimensioner tycks ha en stor betydelse för hur lärare upplever sin arbetssituation. Vi fann att den dimension som verkar vara mest betydelsefull för lärares upplevda arbetssituation är det sociala stödet, och således inte i första hand egenkontroll, som framgår av Karaseks och Theorells modell samt i tidigare forskning. Studien visar vidare att hög egenkontroll inte per automatik behöver vara någonting positivt, som det framstår vid studerande av Karaseks och Theorells modell.

The increase and changes in the demand for emergency care require pro-active responses from the designers and implementers of the emergency care system. The role of Emergency Care Practitioner (ECP) was introduced in England to improve the delivery of emergency care in the community. The role was evaluated using cost-benefit approach and compared with other existing emergency care roles. An analysis of the cognitive elements (situation awareness (SA) and naturalistic decision making (NDM)) of the ECP job was proposed considering the mental efforts involved. While the cost-benefit approach can justify further spending on developing the role, a cognitive approach can provide the evidence in ensuring the role is developed to fulfil its purpose. A series of studies were carried out to describe SA and NDM amongst ECPs in an ambulance service in England. A study examined decision-making process using Critical Decision Method interviews which revealed the main processes in making decision and how information was used to develop SA. Based on the findings, the subsequent studies focus on the non-clinical factors that influence SA and decision making. Data from a scoping study were used to develop a socio-technical systems framework based on existing models and frameworks. The framework was then used to guide further exploration of SA and NDM. Emergency calls that were assigned to ECPs over a period of 8 months were analysed. The analysis revealed system-related influences on the deployment of ECPs. Interviews with the ECPs enabled the identification of influences on their decision-making with respect to patient care. Goal-directed task analysis was used to identify the decision points and information requirements of the ECPs. The findings and the framework were then evaluated via a set of studies based on an ethnographic approach. Participant observations with 13 ECPs were carried out. Field notes provided further insight into the characteristics of jobs assigned to the ECPs. It was possible to map the actual information used by the ECP to their information needs. The sources of the information were classified according to system levels. A questionnaire based on factors influencing decision-making was tested with actual cases. It was found that the items in the questionnaire could reliably measure factors that influence decision-making. Overall, the studies identify factors that have direct and indirect influences on the ECP job. A coherent model for the whole emergency care systems can be developed to build safety into the care delivery process. Further development of the ECP role need to consider the support for cognitive tasks in light of the findings reported in this thesis.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The work focuses on mapping the current situation in the media market in the Czech Republic. It examines in particular the impact of current economic situation in the media organizations. Media behave in the marketplace as commercial enterprises (except public Czech Television and Czech Radio - for comparison are also included in the work), their main objective is to generate profit. Media organizations derive revenue primarily from advertising specified, are therefore dependent on the financial system as a whole. If advertisers due to unfavorable economic situation restricts the publication of advertisements in the media, media organizations will automatically drop revenues, resulting in running the organization. The work investigates how the specific effects of the decline in economic activity in media organizations. For an overall analysis of the main characters in particular those such as revenue from principal activities of the organization, the total profit or changes in staffing. The work describes in detail the operations in 2008 and 2009 for companies Borgis, Economia, Ringier, Barrandov TV Studio, První zpravodajská, Lagardere Active ČR, Mafra, CET 21, Česká televize (Czech Television) and Český rozhlas (Czech Radio). The analysis is complemented by theoretical texts, which approximates the...

Title of thesis: Marketing of the club FK ERA-PACK Chrudim to fans Aims of the thesis: The main aim of the thesis is to suggest a new concept of the communication, which is supposed to improve communication process between fans. Methods: personal questioning, written questioning, marketing analysis, SWOT analysis Results: By using selected methods it was found, that the current marketing communication of the club is sufficient. On the base of this fact there was established the concept of communication and suggestions for improving of the current communication in the club. Key words: fans, FK ERA-PACK Chrudim, marketing communication, marketing research, situation analysis

The thesis focuses on the Czech translation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Unce Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly (1957) by Emanuela Tilschová and Emanuel Tilsch. The translation was aimed at children; therefore the specifics of children's literature and of the translation thereof will be described. The thesis will emphasise the role of the Czechoslovak social and cultural context in the given period, i.e. approximately between the year 1948 and the late 1950s. Special attention will be paid to the production of Státní nakladatelství dětské literatury/ State Children's Literature Publishing House. After the examination of the context, the thesis will look at the translation itself and compare it with four selected books published in the same period, the focus being primarily the language of the translations. Finally, selected passages of the translation will be analysed and compared with the relevant parts of the original. The translation will then be assessed in terms of its acceptability or adequacy (Toury, 1995). Key Words: H. B. Stowe, Uncle Tom, Czech translation, cultural situation, historical norms