This thesis deals with spam in mobile and social networks. It focuses on spam in SMS messages and web service Twitter. Theoretical part provides brief overview of those two media, informations about what spam is, how to defend against it and where does it comes from. There is also a list of methods for spam detection, many of them have their roots in filtration of email communication. The rest of thesis is about design, implementation of application  for spam detection in SMS and Twitter messages and evaluation of its performance.

Syfte:Förbättringsarbetet syftade till att utveckla processer och arbetssätt för kvalitetsförbättringarna utifrån patientsynpunkter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva medarbetarnas uppfattning om och erfarenheter av delaktighet vid digitala möten när patienters synpunkter utgör grunden för kvalitetsförbättringar i mikrosystemen.  Metod: Lösningsfokuserad coachning avsåg att engagera mikrosystemens engagemang för kvalitetsförbättringar utifrån patientsynpunkter. Telefonintervjuer med deltagare från mikrosystemen analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Både positiva och negativa patientsynpunkter inkom och bidrog till ökad kunskap och blev vägledande för att identifiera förbättringsområden. Att se varandra via digitala möten för kvalitetsförbättringar bidrog till samhörighet och starkare teamkänsla. Att få ta del av patientsynpunkter skapade ett engagemang för gemensamma kvalitetsförbättringar. Att få feedback av patienter på arbetet som utförs inom Enica framhävds som en faktor som gjorde det roligare att gå till jobbet.  Konklusion: Att samla geografiskt utspridda medarbetare inom samma mikrosystem i ett digitalt möte har skapat en känsla av sammanhang. Genom förbättringsarbetet har processer och arbetssätt implementerats så att kvalitetsförbättringar utgår från patientsynpunkter.

Health care providers face large costs in terms of operating rooms not being utilized due to patients (1) not canceling enough in advance to allow a different patient to be scheduled or (2) not being in a good enough condition to be operated on due to failure to follow preoperative instructions properly. This degree project aims to see if SMS text reminders can be used to lower the number of surgeries canceled in this manner. Patients of the surgical-, urological- and orthodontic clinics at a hospital in Stockholm were placed into one of three groups; (1) a group that did not receive a text message reminder, (2) a group that received a "short" reminder, (3) and a group that received a "long" reminder. A survey was also conducted to determine what the patients thought of the reminders and whether they believed it influenced them or not. The study suggests that reminders do not work as a method to decrease the short notice cancellation rate as it may not be a poor memory that causes the patient to cancel. Instead, anxiety might have a greater impact than expected. Further studies should be conducted in order to confirm this hypothesis. / Sjukvårdsgivare möts av stora kostnader då operationssalar inte används på grund av att patienter (1) inte avbokar i tid för att tillåta att en annan patient tar deras platser eller (2) inte är i tillräckligt bra tillstånd för att bli opererad på grund av ett misslyckande att följa de preoperativa instruktionerna ordentligt. Detta examensarbete har som mål att undersöka om SMS-påminnelser kan användas för att minska antalet operationer som avbokas på detta vis. Patienter från de kirurgiska-, urologiska och ortopediska klinikerna på ett sjukhus i Stockholm placerades i en av tre grupper; (1) en grupp som inte mottog SMS-påminnelser, (2) en grupp som mottog en ”kort påminnelse”, (3) och en grupp som mottog en ”lång” påminnelse. En enkätstudie utfördes för att kunna avgöra om patienter ansåg att påminnelserna påverkade dem eller inte. Studien antyder att påminnelser inte fungerar som ett sätt att minska antalet avbokningar med kort varsel eftersom det avbokningar eventuellt inte beror på minnet. Istället är det möjligt att ångest har en större påverkan än förväntat. Fler studier borde utföras för att kunna bekräfta denna hypotes.

Due to its ubiquitous availability, Short Message Service (SMS), first introduced in the 1980s, became not only the most popular way of communication, but also stimulated the development of SMS-based value added services. This application-to-person traffic is delivered to end users through SMS aggregators who provide the link between service providers and mobile carriers. In order to perform optimal traffic routing, the aggregators need to estimate the quality of each potential international route to the specified destination. The evaluation criteria include end-to-end delivery time, as well as correct verification of delivered data. This thesis suggests a method of quality of service (QoS) assessment for international SMS service which combines two types of tests, end-to-end delay measurements and various verification tests. A prototype of the testing system for international SMS service was developed to generate SMS traffic, collect and analyze results, and evaluate the experienced QoS of the SMS route used in accordance with the proposed approach. As a part of end-to- end delay measurement tests, SMS traffic was sent to Singtel network in Singapore along two routes. The verification tests were executed via different routes to two mobile networks: Singtel and Tele2 (Sweden). The results of the performed measurements determined the route with the highest QoS, i.e. the one with bigger bottleneck bandwidth and lower data loss rate. The prototype of the SMS testing system can be used by SMS aggregators to verify delivery of a SMS message, check the integrity of the message, figure out interconnection type of the route supplier with the destination carrier and to identify the presence of load balancers in the path. The prototype also makes it possible to compare end-to-end delay times of several routes and compute bottleneck values for each of the tested routes.

The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages have been implicated in many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and chronic rhinosinusitis. Recent studies suggest targeting macrophage function and activation may represent a potential target to treat these diseases. Herein, I investigated the effect of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SMs), the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) proteins, on the killing of normal human pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage subsets. It has been shown that human monocytes are highly susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of SMs, however, differentiated macrophages (M0) develop resistance to the cytocidal abilities of SMs. Whether human macrophage subsets are also resistant to the cytotoxic effects of SM remains unknown. My results show that differentiation of M0 macrophages towards M1 state rendered them highly susceptible to SM-induced cell death, whereas M2a, M2b and M2c differentiated subsets were resistant, with M2c being the most resistant. SM-induced cell death in M1 macrophages was mediated by apoptosis as well as necroptosis and activated both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The susceptibility of M1 macrophages to SM-induced cell death was attributed to the IFN-𝛾-mediated polarization as JAK inhibitor reversed their susceptibility. In contrast, M2c and M0 macrophages experienced cell death through necroptosis pathway following simultaneous blockage of the IAPs pathways by SM-LCL161 and the caspase pathways by the pan-caspase inhibitors (zVAD.fmk). I investigated the molecular mechanism governing SM-induced cell death in M1 macrophages. My results show that in contrast to the cancer cell lines, SM-induced cell death in M1 macrophages is independent of endogenously produced TNF-⍺, the canonical and non- canonical NF-𝜅B pathways. The susceptibility of M1 macrophages to SM-induced cell death was found to be dependent on IFN-𝛾-mediated differentiation through the JAK-STAT pathway and subsequent activation of IRF-1. In addition, the selective cell death in SM-treated M1 macrophages is mediated by simultaneous degradation of cellular IAP-2 (cIAP-2) and RIPK-1/3 through the activation of mTORC signaling pathway. Overall, the results suggest that survival of human macrophages is critically linked to the activation of the IAPs pathways. Moreover, agents blocking cIAP-1/2, mTORC and IRF-1 can be exploited therapeutically to address inflammation-related diseases. These observations hold a promising therapeutic strategy to limit the activation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and eventually controlling the M1-associated diseases.

This thesis deals with encryption of short text message (SMS) in mobile communication. Introduction is dedicated to overview of the parts of GSM radiotelephone nets and SMS messages transfer . Next chapter is reserved for description of cryptographic methods especially symetric and asymetric encryptografic aproaches. A design of a SMS messages encryption and decryption techniques is in next. For SMS encryption and sign, there is used the asymetric cypher RSA. Encryption use OAEP padding schema. The public key is saved in certificate. The Symbian OS has been choosen as a suitable platform for programming of mobile devices.

The need to know how river morphology changes due to sedimentation is increasingly important as we attempt to predict future events. Engineers use numeric models to predict effects of changed morphology on river systems. The numerical model Two-dimensional Unsteady Flow (TUFLOW) has recently added, and is continually improving, its capability to model sediment transport in rivers and coastal systems. This paper evaluates the new tools for modeling sediment transport presently contained within TUFLOW and compares these tools with analytical and laboratory case studies. Currently TUFLOW simulates combined bed and suspended load transport of noncohesive sediments under the effect of currents using the Van Rijn method. New TUFLOW capabilities which have not been extensively tested before include recognized sediment transport relationships such as those of Meyer-Peter and Mueller, Bagnold, and Ackers & White. It is important to note that the software evaluated herein is a snapshot of a continuing software development process. The aim of the TUFLOW developers is to address any shortcomings outlined in this paper where feasible. Eleven different test cases are modeled in the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS) software. The test cases are designed to examine how well TUFLOW simulates sediment transport modeling with channels of varying degrees of slope and contractions. Eight of the test cases are taken from Analysis of the Sediment Transport Capabilities of FESWMS. Three cases simulate a simple flume with varying midsection slopes. Four cases use a simple flume with no slope and different contractions: a short abrupt contraction, a long abrupt contraction, a long gradual contraction, and a wide contraction. Two of the test cases are from laboratory flume experiments that were performed at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory. The last test case consists of a river entering a reservoir. The results show that TUFLOW is presently capable of representing sediment transport and morphology reasonably on moderate and shallow slopes and channels with contractions. However, more work is required to improve TUFLOW's morphological capabilities on steep slopes when hydraulic jumps are present. The results show TUFLOW can handle long term simulations. The results show that TUFLOW is not capable at this time of recreating the lab flumes and more features need to be added to accurately portray the flumes. TUFLOW did show perturbations, common for semi-coupled models, in the results for certain test cases. Filtering, a common way of removing perturbations was implemented and gave varying results. The developers are in the process of developing a more advanced scheme for filtering.

Martial arts (MA) and combat sports (CS) demand significant physical, mental, and emotional engagement in both training and competition. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ), known for its intricate mastery requirements, operates within a performance-oriented climate where unmet goals can lead to diminished interest. Investigating the motivational drivers behind continued participation in BJJ is thus pertinent. This study aims to explore motivational factors among BJJ practitioners. A total of 70 participants, including 30 women (43.3%) and 40 men (56.7%) aged 15 to 60+, with training experience ranging from 0-1 year to 10+ years, completed the Sports Motivation Scale (SMS-6). The survey assessed factors influencing their engagement in BJJ. Analysis suggests that gender differences may contribute to variations in amotivation within the sport. Higher competitive experience participants valued factors like interest/enjoyment, competence, and fitness more than social status and appearance, unlike lower competitive experience participants. Notably, individuals with higher competitive experience exhibited lower motivational scores on the assessed subscale factors compared to lower competitive experience participants. The study's findings indicate that individuals with significant competitive experience attribute greater significance and commitment to their involvement in BJJ. Additionally, the results show that women exhibit a slightly lower amotivation score compared to men, suggesting a marginal decrease in mens enthusiasm for practicing the sport.

Det ämne som undersöks i denna uppsats är attityden mot reklamutskick via SMS och e-post. Syftet är att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till attityden och om åldern spelar in som en faktor och om attityden är densamma till reklamutskick via SMS som den är via e-post. En enkätundersökning har genomförts med 139 respondenter som låg till grund för den kvalitativa fokusgruppsundersökning som den största delen av resultatet bygger på. Enkäten har besvarats av individer runt om i Skåne som är i ålder 20 år och uppåt. Enkäten skapades för att kunna identifiera problem och perspektiv inom ämnet som sedan fokusgruppens diskussioner kunde bygga på. Fokusgruppen hade fem stycken medverkande och dessa individer representerade de olika åldersgrupper som enkäten omfattade. Vilket också resulterade i att det var olika åsikter som framkom och en diskussion kunde skapas utifrån olika perspektiv.Enkäten och transkriberingen från fokusgruppen har sedan resulterat i ett resultat som redovisar skillnader och likheter gällande acceptans och attityd mellan de olika kanalerna. Det visar också vilka faktorer som påverkade mottagandet av reklamutskicken via SMS och e-post. De slutsatser som kan dras från undersökningen är att attityden mot reklam via SMS och e-post är av negativ ton enligt fokusgruppen och enkätundersökningen. Om en positiv attityd ska kunna uppnås måste reklamutskicken vara bra utformade, skickas i rätt tid och ha en relevans till mottagaren och mottagarens livsstil. Man kan även dra slutsatsen att attityd inte kan kopplas ihop med ålder. Enkätundersökningen och fokusgruppen påvisar samma attityd och beteendemönster när det gäller SMS och e-post vid alla åldrar. / The topic that is examined in this paper is the attitude towards promotional messages through SMS and email. The aim is to examine the factors that contribute to the attitude, if age comes into play as a factor and if the attitude is the same for promotional messages via SMS as it is through email. An investigation has been conducted by means of a survey with 139 respondents that formed the basis of the qualitative focus group that the largest part of the result is based. Individuals around Skåne that are in the age 20 and up answered the questionnaire. The survey was designed to identify problems and perspectives that the focus group discussions could build on. The focus group had five participants and these individuals represented the different age groups that the survey encompassed. Which also resulted in different views that were aired and a discussion could be created with different perspectives involved.The inquiry and the transcript from the focus group demonstrate the differences and similarities regarding acceptance and attitude towards the different channels. They also show which factors affected the receipt of promotional mailings through SMS and email. The conclusions that can be drawn from the survey is that the attitude towards advertising through SMS and e-mail are with a negative tone according to the focus group and survey. That if a positive attitude is to be achieved, promotional mailings has to be well designed, have to be sent on time and have a relevance to the recipient and the recipient's lifestyle. One can also conclude that attitude cannot be connected with age. The survey and focus group are demonstrating the same attitude and behavior when it comes to SMS and email for all ages.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-01T17:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Tiago_2016.pdf: 13631569 bytes, checksum: 7774c3913aa556cc48c0669f686cd3b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-01T17:49:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Tiago_2016.pdf: 13631569 bytes, checksum: 7774c3913aa556cc48c0669f686cd3b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-01T17:49:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Tiago_2016.pdf: 13631569 bytes, checksum: 7774c3913aa556cc48c0669f686cd3b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA_Tiago_2016.pdf: 13631569 bytes, checksum: 7774c3913aa556cc48c0669f686cd3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-01 / Não recebi financiamento / The rapid popularization of smartphones has contributed to the growth of SMS usage as an alternative way of communication. The increasing number of users, along with the trust they inherently have in their devices, makes SMS messages a propitious environment for spammers. In fact, reports clearly indicate that volume of mobile phone spam is dramatically increasing year by year. SMS spam represents a challenging problem for traditional filtering methods nowadays, since such messages are usually fairly short and normally rife with slangs, idioms, symbols and acronyms that make even tokenization a difficult task. In this scenario, this thesis proposes and then evaluates a method to normalize and expand original short and messy SMS text messages in order to acquire better attributes and enhance the classification performance. The proposed text processing approach is based on lexicography and semantic dictionaries along with the state-of-the-art techniques for semantic analysis and context detection. This technique is used to normalize terms and create new attributes in order to change and expand original text samples aiming to alleviate factors that can degrade the algorithms performance, such as redundancies and inconsistencies. The approach was validated with a public, real and non-encoded dataset along with several established machine learning methods. The experiments were diligently designed to ensure statistically sound results which indicate that the proposed text processing techniques can in fact enhance SMS spam filtering. / A popularização dos smartphones contribuiu para o crescimento do uso de mensagens SMS como forma alternativa de comunicação. O crescente número de usuários, aliado à confiança que eles possuem nos seus dispositivos tornam as mensagem SMS um ambiente propício aos spammers. Relatórios recentes indicam que o volume de spam enviados via SMS está aumentando vertiginosamente nos últimos anos. SMS spam representa um problema desafiador para os métodos tradicionais de detecção de spam, uma vez que essas mensagens são curtas e geralmente repletas de gírias, símbolos, abreviações e emoticons, que torna até mesmo a tokenização uma tarefa difícil. Diante desse cenário, esta dissertação propõe e avalia um método para normalizar e expandir amostras curtas e ruidosas de mensagens SMS de forma a obter atributos mais representativos e, com isso, melhorar o desempenho geral na tarefa de classificação. O método proposto é baseado em dicionários lexicográficos e semânticos e utiliza técnicas modernas de análise semântica e detecção de contexto. Ele é empregado para normalizar os termos que compõem as mensagens e criar novos atributos para alterar e expandir as amostras originais de texto com o objetivo de mitigar fatores que podem degradar o desempenho dos métodos de classificação, tais como redundâncias e inconsistências. A proposta foi avaliada usando uma base de dados real, pública e não codificada, além de vários métodos consagrados de aprendizado de máquina. Os experimentos foram conduzidos para garantir resultados estatisticamente corretos e indicaram que o método proposto pode de fato melhorar a detecção de spam em SMS.