Le développement de méthodes rapides, précises et ultra-sensibles pour la détection d'analytes cibles en solution est crucial pour la recherche et les applications potentielles en médecine ou biologie moléculaire. Une approche très prometteuse consiste à développer des nano-capteurs à partir de nano-objets métalliques (NOM) qui présentent une résonance d'extinction dans leur réponse optique. Cette résonance nommée résonance de plasmon de surface localisée (RPSL) peut être ajustée spectralement en jouant sur la nature, la morphologie et l'environnement du NOM. Mesurer des modifications sur la RPSL de nano-objets individuels en présence d'analytes cibles doit permettre de s'affranchir des effets de moyennes dans les mesures d'ensemble. De plus, cela ouvre la voie vers le développement d'échantillons micrométriques pour des tests multicibles sans étiquette (« label-free »).Dans ce travail on a développé un nouveau dispositif expérimental basé sur la technique de spectroscopie à modulation spatiale (SMS) permettant de sonder la réponse optique de NOM individuels en milieu liquide. En parallèle des méthodes de synthèse ont été mises au point pour obtenir des échantillons sondes stables permettant des mesures sur NOM unique, en particulier sur des bipyramides d'or qui présentent de nombreuses qualités intrinsèques faisant d'elles de bonnes candidates pour le « bio-sensing ».Des mesures ont été réalisées dans des environnements d'indice variable et les changements détectés sont en bon accord avec les simulations théoriques. De plus, de nombreuses études ont été réalisées pour comprendre l'influence des nombreux paramètres agissant sur la réponse optique des systèmes étudiés / Advances in the development of rapid, accurate and highly sensitive methods for detecting target analytes in solution will provide crucial tools for research and applications in medicine and molecular biology. One of the currently most promising approaches is the development of nanosensors based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metal nano-objects (MNOs), which is an optical response that depends on their size, shape, composition and local environment. The ability to measure the modification of the reponse of a single MNO in the presence of a target analyte would allow each object to act as an independent probe with increased sensitivity as the signal would be isolated from the averaging effects of ensemble measurements. Furthermore it would allow the development of micrometric, functionalized multiprobe samples for multitarget label-free assays.In this work, a novel experimental setup based on the spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS) technique has been developed to measure the optical response of individual nano-objects in a liquid environment. In parallel, a new technique has also been developed to elaborate stable probes for measurements with the new setup, with a focus on gold bipyramids due to numerous qualities that make them excellent candidates for biosensing probes. The setup has been used to measure the response of individual objects in environments of different real refractive indices and the detected changes have been shown to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Numerical studies have also been performed to investigate the influence on the optical response of numerous factors encountered in the studied systems

This thesis deals with the question of electronic security systems. In the forepart are described electronic security system components such as keyboards, detectors, alarm devices etc. Various methods of security or de-security of properties, trespassing and other events detection methods, and ways of alarm calling are described there too. The next part of the master’s thesis focuses on the construction of an alarm system which is designed for security of a common-size flat with one entry. The system manages to control up to four movement detectors. The operation of the system is handled by a 16 button keyboard, and easy orientation is provided thanks to a liquid crystal display. The alarm is signaled by an indoor alert siren, however, other alarm announcing devices with an input matched for the log. 0 or log. 1 reception can be connected too. The system contains communication equipment (mobile phone) which signals alarm at a distance to the three telephone numbers. User can use a distance control by text message to unlock system or to determine its status. The system is controlled by the microcontroller AVR ATmega16, the product of Atmel company. A brief description of all components of the electronic alarm system is included in this work.

The main subject of this masters thesis is to familiarize with technologies used to realization of online payment systems on internet. The document is more detailed focused on realization of internet banking, credit card payment, payment via SMS and on systems of internet wallets like PayPal and Moneybookers. There are proposed several criteria that are used to compare the payment methods, what was also a motivation for more detailed study of methods. These payment methods are compared from the user point of view, and from the perspective of integration these systems to the existing applications, which led us to work on the manual with user guides about how to integrate these payment methods to the web sites, what is also a contribution of this masters thesis.

The thesis deals with possibilities of numerical modelling of an overflow over selected types of auxiliary spillways and then the possibilities are verified in particular localities. In thesis, there is carried out the determination of capacity of selected spillways by using several methods: the calculation of the overflow equation, one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical models and physical model. The author created parametric analysis to each single method. Parametric analysis represent various hydraulic conditions. Subsequently, there is possible to express the effect of parametric analysis. The author makes a comparison of water levels received by mentioned methods set out under the specific hydraulic conditions by calibration of each model with the physical model. Finally, author recommends values of all coefficients which have an impact on results of numerical modelling of the flow over selected types of weirs mostly using like auxiliary spillways.

Det finns idag väldigt många olika handelsföretag, vilket medför att konkurrensen om konsumenterna är stenhård. Butiker använder många olika former av marknadsföring för att nå fram till sina respektive målgrupper, marknadsföring är ett väldigt brett begrepp och involverar många olika åtgärder som butiken kan använda sig av. Det här arbetet fokuserar på tre olika former av säljfrämjande åtgärder som är relativt vanliga idag. Det som studeras i denna rapport är huruvida kupongerbjudanden, SMS erbjudanden och erbjudandet ’tag 2 betala för 1’ påverkar olika konsumenters beteenden och om de blir mer benägna till köp när de utsätts för dessa. Erbjudandet ’tag 2 betala för 1’ kan användas på flertal lika sätt men författarna har endast sett på erbjudandet som en kommunikationskanal i butiksmiljö, såsom skyltning och förpackningar. Forskningsfrågan som kommer att belysa hela arbetet är: hur påverkas konsumenters beteenden av rabatterbjudanden? Vi belyser i arbetet de skillnader och likheter som framkommit mellan olika generationer och ur ett genusperspektiv. Vi ser även över vilka eventuella risker respektive möjligheter som kan finnas genom att använda sig av dessa tre olika sorters besparingserbjudanden. Författarna har valt att genomföra en kvantitativ ansats och inspirationen till vår enkätundersökning grundar sig på tidigare forskning. Enkätundersökningen har utförts på 100 respondenter som tillfrågats via e-post och slumpvis utvalda personer i Katrineholms centrum. Deltagarna som tillfrågats är uppdelade i fyra kategorier, utifrån ålder och kön.Enkätundersökningen gav författarna belägg för att påvisa att konsumenter reagerar olika beroende på vilken typ av säljfrämjande åtgärder dessa utsattes för. Författarna kan se tydliga skillnader mellan dessa typer av erbjudanden. ’Tag 2 betala för 1’ som avser en kommunikationskanal i butiksmiljö var det erbjudande som samtliga deltagare föredrog. Kategorin som behandlar äldre män var de deltagare som överlag inte föredrog olika typer av rabatterbjudanden. / There are many trading companies today, which bring fierce competition over the customers. Stores use a lot of different kinds of marketing to reach respective target groups, marketing is a very wide term and involves many different measures that the stores can use. Our study focuses on three different kinds of sales promotion who are relative common today. We have studied whether the coupon offers, SMS offers and offer ‘buy one get one for free’ affects different consumer behavior and if consumers become more inclined to buy when they are exposed to them. The offer ‘buy one get one for free’ can be used in several similar ways, but the authors have only seen the offer as a communication channel in the retail environment, such as signage and packaging. The research question that will illuminate the entire work is how consumer behavior is influenced by the discount offers? The things that are investigated are if coupons, text message offers and ‘buy one get one for free’ have an effect on consumers behavior and if they become more liable to purchase when they are exposed of these promotions. In our study we will express the highlights of the differences and similarities that emerged between different generations and through a gender perspective. We have also checked the possible risks respective opportunities that may be found using these three different kinds of saving offers. The authors have chosen to implement a quantitative approach and the inspiration for our survey is based on previous research. The survey has been conducted on 100 respondents questioned by e-mail and randomly selected in Katrineholm city. The participants surveyed are divided into four categories according to age and gender.The survey gave the authors evidence to demonstrate that consumers react differently depending on the type of promotion they were subjected. The authors can see a clear difference between these types of offers. 'Buy one get one for free' which refers to a communication channel in the retail environment was the offer that all participants preferred. The category with older men was the participants who generally did not prefer different types of discount offers.

Safety is the main concern of the aviation industry. All Air Navigation Service Providers must have a Safety Management System (SMS) which states how safety is handled, promoted and prioritized. By developing Key Performance indicators (KPIs), it is possible to quantify the effectiveness of a SMS, discover potential flaws and improvement measures. This thesis identifies principles behind the SMS, the development of KPIs and suggest potential KPIs for the Swedish air navigation service provider LFVs’ SMS. A literature study was performed and organisation specific documents were analysed to develop potential KPIs within the areas timely compliance with international obligations, competency and adoption and sharing of best practices based on an EASA questionnaire. This work presents a set of 27 performance indicators and recommends 6 as potential KPIs for the three areas together. The KPIs are developed specifically for LFV but could be applicable for other organisations with similar SMS structure and processes. They should be analysed within the organisation and, potentially, have thresholds set before implementation.

The retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1) gene maps within the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) region on chromosome 17p11.2. Interstitial deletion of 17p11.2 including RAI1 or mutation of RAI1 results in SMS, while duplication of 17p11.2, including RAI1, results in the dup(17)(p11.2) syndrome. Smith-Magenis syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by a constellation of ~30 features that includes mental retardation, sleep disturbance, craniofacial defects, neurological and behavioral anomalies, and variable systemic features. Dup(17)(p11.2) syndrome is characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial defects, developmental delay, failure to thrive, and hyperactivity. We hypothesized that RAI1 is a dosage-sensitive gene with specific roles in SMS and dup(17)(p11.2) syndrome. To understand the clinical consequences of haploinsufficiency of RAI1 in humans, 60 SMS patients were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization and/or sequencing of RAI1 to identify 17p11.2 deletions or intragenic mutations. Phenotypic comparison between patients with deletions and those with RAI1 mutations show that 21 of 30 SMS features are the result of haploinsufficiency of RAI1. Other features such as cardiac and renal anomalies, speech and motor delay, chronic respiratory and ear infections, hypotonia, short stature, and ear and eye anomalies are associated with 17p11.2 deletions rather than RAI1 mutations (P <0.05). Mouse models were evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies for phenotypic consequences due to altered Rai1 dosage. To this extent, BAC transgenic mice overexpressing Rai1 1.5-fold (hemizygous) or 2-fold (homozygous) and Rai1-targeted heterozygous (Rai1+/-) mice with 0.5-fold dosage were utilized. Compared to wild type littermates, Rai1 overexpressing mice have growth retardation, increased locomotor activity, gait abnormalities, and abnormal anxiety-related behavior, while Rai1+/- mice are obese and hypoactive. Analyses of homozygous BAC transgenic mice revealed a dosage-dependent exacerbation of the phenotype. Both the Rai1-overexpressors and Rai1-haploinsufficient mice showed neurological deficits. To identify target genes altered due to haploinsufficiency of RAI1, RNA-interference-based knockdown (~50%) of RAI1 was achieved in HEK293T cell lines. Genome-wide gene expression profiling showed that ~60 genes were upregulated and ~200 genes were downregulated due to RAI1 haploinsufficiency. Real-time qPCR not only confirmed the gene expression profile in HEK293 cells but also in lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from SMS patients with 17p11.2 deletion. Further, our analysis has identified several RAI1 downstream genes, implicated in circadian activity, growth regulation, lipid biosynthesis, and neuronal regulation, which are potential candidate genes for non-deletion/non-RAI1-mutation cases of SMS and SMS-like phenotypes. These results show that Rai1 dosage has major consequences on molecular processes involved in growth, development, circadian rhythm, and neurological and behavioral functions, thus providing evidence for several dosage-thresholds for phenotypic manifestations causing dup(17p11.2) syndrome or Smith-Magenis syndrome in humans.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncia da Computa??o (ppgcc@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-11T16:00:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gianlucca_Oliveira_Puglia_dis.pdf: 2043630 bytes, checksum: f7fc70f33d1d15b56eded8458fbed2fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-18T11:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gianlucca_Oliveira_Puglia_dis.pdf: 2043630 bytes, checksum: f7fc70f33d1d15b56eded8458fbed2fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T11:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gianlucca_Oliveira_Puglia_dis.pdf: 2043630 bytes, checksum: f7fc70f33d1d15b56eded8458fbed2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / As tecnologias de mem?rias n?o-vol?teis s?o uma grande promessa na ?rea de arquitetura de computadores e ? esperado que sejam poderosas ferramentas para solucionar os problemas referentes a manipula??o eficiente de dados dos dias de hoje. Estas tecnologias prov?m alta performance e acesso em granularidade de bytes com a distinta vantagem de serem persistentes. Por?m, afim de explorar estas tecnologias em todo seu potencial, os sistemas e arquiteturas de hoje precisam buscar meios de se adaptar a esta nova forma de acessar dados e de superar os desafios que v?m com ela.Trabalhos existentes na ?rea j? prop?em m?todos para adaptar as arquiteturas existentes para o uso de NVM bem como formas inovadoras de empregar estas mem?rias em futuras aplica??es. No entanto, o suporte dos sistemas operacionais a estas solu??es, ainda que existente, ainda ? muito limitado. Neste trabalho, n?s apresentamos duas varia??es da chamada de sistema msync, modeladas para explorar as caracter?sticas das tecnologias de NVM e garantir consist?ncia para os dados dos usu?rios. Ambas s?o solu??es simples que permitem aos usu?rios definirem checkpoints de seus arquivos usando a sintaxe comum de sistemas de arquivos. N?s implementamos e testamos estes m?todos sobre o sistema operacional Linux utilizando como base um sistema de arquivo nativamente voltado a NVM. Nossos resultados mostram que estes mecanismos s?o capazes de garantir a integridade dos arquivos mesmo na presen?a de falhas no sistema enquanto mant?m uma performance razo?vel. / Upcoming non-volatile memory technologies are a big promise in computer architecture and are expected to be powerful tools to address today?s issues regarding efficient data manipulation. They provide high performance and byte granularity while also having the distinct advantage of being persistent. However in order to explore these technologies to their full potential, existing systems and architecture must adapt to this new way of working with data and workaround the challenges that come with it. Existing work in the area already proposes methods to adapt existing architecture to NVM as well as innovative ways to employ these memories in future applications. However operating system support to such NVM-enabled solutions, although existent, still very limited. In this work, we present two variations of the existing mmap system call, designed to both explore NVM characteristics and provide user data consistency. Both are very simple solutions that allow users to control the persistence and define checkpoints to their files while using the common mapped file syntax. We have implemented and tested these methods over Linux using a NVM file system as our base. Our results show that these mechanisms can ensure file integrity in the presence of system failures while also providing a reasonable performance.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka betydelsen av relationen tränare har till sina spelare och huruvida detta påverkar motivationen och motivationsklimatet. Frågeställningar: -       Finns det ett samband mellan upplevd relation till tränare och motivationen? -       Finns det ett samband mellan upplevd relation till tränare och upplevt motivationsklimat? -       Finns det skillnader i motivationsnivå och motivationsklimat beroende på spelarnas kön, ålder, samt tränarnas erfarenhet eller tränarnas utbildningsnivå? Metod: Urvalet bestod av åtta fotbollslag i Stockholmsområdet med totalt 102 fotbollsspelare i åldrarna 12–14 (12 år = 44, 13 år = 45, 14 år = 13) samt åtta tränare, en för varje lag som deltog. För att mäta relationen mellan tränare och spelare användes Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, för motivationen användes Sports Motivation Scale och slutligen för upplevt motivationsklimat Perceived Motivational Climate Scale. Korrelationsanalyser genomfördes med hjälp av bivariat analys i SPSS. För att se skillnader jämförde vi medelvärden med hjälp av T-test samt MANOVA-test för skillnader mellan flera grupper. Resultat: Det fanns statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan upplevd relation till sin tränare och motivation, mellan upplevd relation till sin tränare och upplevt motivationsklimat. Spelare som hade tränare med eftergymnasial utbildning upplevde högre motivation. Ju mer erfaren tränare desto mindre engagemang upplevde spelare från sin tränare och motivationsklimatet upplevdes då också som mer resultatinriktat. Slutsats: Studien visade att genom en god relation till sina spelare skapar tränare goda förutsättningar för att främja inre motivation hos fotbollsspelare. Vilket motivationsklimat som tränare skapar speglar spelares syn på sig själva och kan båda öka eller sänka den motivation som spelare upplever. Genom att arbeta uppgiftsorienterat ökar chansen att spelare känner sig mer motiverade. Även andra faktorer kan påverka resultaten såsom lagets prestationer och sammansättningen av spelare, därför behövs studier där förändringen av beteende hos tränare undersöks för att se om samma resultat uppstår. Tränare bör jobba uppgiftsorienterat för att främja den inre motivationen hos spelare och minimera risker för avhopp samt jobba individanpassat för att bibehålla en god relation med spelare. / <p>Ämneslärarprogram, Specialidrott</p>

Aucun système de commerce électronique opérationnel n'est capable de traiter en ligne des requêtes d'utilisateurs exprimées en langue naturelle spontanée. Certains systèmes évitent le problème difficile du développement et du support d'une interface en langue naturelle en simplifiant le type d'interaction de l'utilisateur, par l'utilisation de formulaires à remplir ou d'un langage naturel contrôlé. D'autres systèmes ont cherché mais échoué à offrir une interface en langue naturelle spontanée, parce qu'ils utilisaient des techniques de TALN inadaptées.<br />Le but de cette thèse est de montrer qu'il est nécessaire et possible de construrie des systèmes de commerce électronique à interface en langue naturelle restreints (et multilingues) en utilisant des méthodes orientées vers les sous-langages et le contenu. L'analyse du sous-langage et l'intégration de méthodes orientées vers le contenu augmentent en effet l'exactitude et la robustesse du traitement de façon décisive.<br />Pour vérifier cela, nous avons construit un système expérimental, CATS, comme "preuve de concept". C'est un système de petites annonces en langue naturelle (actuellement l'arabe) basé sur les SMS destiné à mettre en contact des personnes désirant vendre ou acheter des voitures d'occasion, de l'immobilier, etc. Pour analyser le sous-langage très particulier de ces petites annonces en SMS, nous sommes partis d'un corpus web de messages de ce type (mais pas en SMS) pour construire un système de base couvrant l'occasion automobile et l'immobilier en Jordanie. Ce premier système a été déployé, ce qui nous a permis de collecter un corpus réel de SMS "spontanés" dans ces domaines, et d'ajuster finement CATS à ces domaines.<br />Le traitement sémantique étant nécessaire, nous avons défini CRL-cats, un langage de représentation du contenu très simple, mais suffisant pour exprimer le contenu de telles petites annonces. Nous avons écrit l'extracteur de contenu dans le langage spécialisé pour la programmation linguisitique EnCo, dans lequel nous avions déjà écrit le premier "enconvertisseur" arabe-UNL. Ce langage étant d'assez bas niveau, et n'offant aucune aide à la programmation modulaire, nous avons développé une méthodologie qui facilite l'écriture d'enconvertisseurs aussi bien que d'extracteurs de contenu, et permet un codage systématique et efficace.<br />La génération des réponses est basée sur une reconnaissance de patrons sémantiques, différents selon qu'il s'agit d'une annonce de recherche ("look for") ou d'offre ("sell"), et sur un mécanisme de raisonnement, de sorte qu'on peut traiter les situations "sans réponse". À la différence d'autres systèmes expérimentaux, CATS a été conçu dès le départ pour être un "système de production". Il est actuellement déployé en Jordanie par le plus grand opérateur de téléphonie mobile (Fastlink), qui lui a d'abord fait passer des tests sévères. Le test de l'extracteur de contenu sur du texte réel et bruité a donné une f-mesure de 90%. Le temps de réponse moyen est d'environ 10 à 30 secondes à une heure de pointe (10 annonces par minute).