Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och problematisera hur so- lärare i årskurs 4-6 förhåller sig till såväl som adresserar att undervisa elever om demokrati, genom demokrati för att sedan kunna verka för demokrati. Metoden som används för att få svar på forskningsfrågorna är kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med ostrukturerade inslag där sex yrkesverksamma lärare från fem olika kommuner blivit intervjuade. Denna studie har eftersträvat att synliggöra hur so-lärare använder sitt demokratiuppdrag i klassrumsundervisning för att tillföra eleverna redskap i form av inflytande, delaktighet och ansvarstagande. Fyra teman med underordnade aspekter som utgjorde intervjuerna föreföll i resultatet. Resultatet påvisar att upplevelsebaserad undervisning genererar mer handgriplighet och lärande. Det kan ske genom att exempelvis utföra olika studiebesök, skriva insändare till en tidning med innehåll som har inverkan på eleverna, samt diverse rollspel. Resultatet visar även att när kommer till att bringa kunskap i ett klassrum med elever som har olika erfarenheter och bakgrund, behövs fostran för att förstå att olikheter är en fördel. Det är fördelaktigt att elever urskiljer fenomen på varierande sätt och uppdraget för lärare är att ge elever verktyg till att uppfatta det som något berikade, att alla behövs. / The purpose of this study is to describe and problematize how the teaching assignment is addressed as well as how social studies teachers in grades 4-6, who teach students about democracy through democracy in order to then work for democracy, treat it. The method used to answer the research questions are qualitative semi-structured interviews with unstructured elements, where six participants from five different municipalities have been interviewed. This study has sought to make visible how social studies teachers use their democratic mission in classroom teaching by providing students with tools in the form of influence, participation and responsibility. Four themes with subordinate Aspect that made up the interviews appeared in the results. The result shows that experiential teaching generates more tangibility and learning, by carrying out various study visits, writing submissions to a newspaper, content that has an impact on the students, as well as various role-plays. The result also shows that bringing knowledge into a classroom with students with different experiences and backgrounds requires education to understand that differences are an advantage. It is beneficial for students to distinguish phenomena in varying ways, and the task for teachers is to give students the tools to perceive it, as something enriching, that everyone is needed.

No description available.

No description available.

O presente trabalho teve, por objetivo principal, analisar a remoção de sulfato em águas de drenagem ácida de minas em dois tipos de reatores anaeróbios, um com crescimento granular (UASB) e outro com biomassa aderida (RAHLF). Estudos anteriores publicados na literatura apresentam resultados positivos quanto ao tratamento anaeróbio de drenagem ácida de minas, entretanto, na maioria deles, é aplicado um tratamento preliminar à água residuária antes do tratamento principal. Esse trabalho avaliou a operação de reatores anaeróbios sem prévio tratamento da drenagem ácida sob diferentes variáveis. Para o reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF), foram analisadas as variáveis relação DQO/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\', correção do pH afluente, carga de sulfato aplicada e a recirculação da fase líquida. Os resultados mostraram que a redução da carga de sulfato aplicada foi o fator determinante para os bons resultados de remoção, encontrados ao longo da operação dos reatores (70% de remoção de sulfato e 75% de remoção de DQO). A relação DQO/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' também foi importante e quando utilizada a relação estequiométrica de 0,67, a eficiência de remoção de sulfato atingiu níveis superiores a 70% com pequeno acúmulo de ácido acético no efluente. Para a operação do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB), as variáveis analisadas foram o volume da manta de lodo, a relação DQO/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\', a carga de sulfato aplicada e a recirculação da fase líquida. Como para o RAHLF, a redução da carga de sulfato aplicada foi essencial para o melhor funcionamento do UASB. A relação DQO/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' de 1,0 promoveu melhora na eficiência do reator, quando comparada à relação estequiométrica e a recirculação no reator só foi positiva quando realizada com água de abastecimento, tendo o reator entrado em colapso quando a recirculação foi realizada com o efluente tratado. / The main objective of this work was to evaluate the sulfate removal from acid mine drainage in two types of anaerobic reactors, one with a granular sludge (UASB) and another with immobilized biomass (HAIB reactor). Previous published studies have showed positive results for the anaerobic treatment of acid mine drainage, however, in most of them, it was applied a pre-treatment operation. This study evaluated the operation of anaerobic reactors without pre-treatment of the acid mine drainage under different parameters. The parameters COD/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' ratio, correction of affluent pH, sulfate loading and recirculation of the liquid phase were tested for horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor. The results showed that the decrease in the sulfate loading was a determining factor for the successful sulfate removal found throughout the operation of the reactors. The COD/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' ratio was also important and the removal efficiency of sulfate reached levels above 70% with a small accumulation of acetic acid in the effluent when using stoichiometric ratio of 0.67. For the operation of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, the parameters were the volume of the sludge blanket, the COD/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' ratio, the sulfate loading and the recirculation of the liquid phase. Similarly ti the HAIB reactor, reducing the sulfate load was essential for obtaining better results. The COD/\'SO IND.4\'POT.2-\' ratio of 1.0 showed a improved sulfate removal efficiency for the UASB reactor when compared to stoichiometric ratio at 0.67 ant the recirculation in this reactor was only positive when carried out with tap water. The UASB reactor collapsed when recirculation was carried out whit the treated effluent.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-13T21:59:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:59:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Agricultural reutilization is an important tool in water demand reduction required by irrigation. The lack of proper management on irrigation generates large environmental degradation, mainly to water resources, therefore it?s indispensable the reduction of these impacts. The use of domestic wastewater in agricultural crops may support the search for alternative water sources to supply the irrigation demand even as provide essential nutrients to the crops, and also reducing the impact of the chemical fertilizers application. This dissertation aims to evaluate the use of treated domestic wastewater on sunflower irrigation (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivate ?Garden Gnome?, using treatments by sand strainer (SS), organic filter (OF), septic tank (ST) and well water (WW) applied in different levels (50, 75, 100, and 125% of evapotranspiration of daily crop). The experiment was conducted with buckets of 20 L with one plant per bucket in experimental design of 4 by 4 with 5 parcels, adding up to 80 experimental units. Physicochemical analyses on the soil were realized after application, and in the wastewater, additionally, microbiologic analyses were realized during the experiment. With the plants were realized biometric analyses: stem diameter, plant height, leaves number and phytomasses: dry and fresh phytomass from the aerial part, from the pseudostem, and from the roots. It can be conclude that the use of different irrigation sources didn?t produced significant effect in biometric evaluation and of sunflower phytomass, being possible the use of all the studied sources, without losses to the plant development. The sand filtration provided considerable efficiency, being a simple and cheap solution to the domestic wastewater treatment / O re?so agr?cola ? uma importante ferramenta na redu??o da demanda h?drica requerida pela irriga??o. A falta de manejo adequado na irriga??o provoca grande degrada??o ambiental, principalmente aos recursos h?dricos, sendo assim, se torna imprescind?vel a redu??o desses impactos. A utiliza??o de efluentes dom?sticos em cultivos agr?colas pode favorecer a busca por fontes alternativas de ?gua para suprimento das demandas de irriga??o assim como fornecer nutrientes essenciais aos cultivos, reduzindo o impacto tamb?m na aplica??o de fertilizantes qu?micos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na irriga??o do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar An?o de Jardim, utilizando tratamentos por filtro de areia, filtro org?nico, fossa s?ptica, e ?gua de po?o em diferentes l?minas de irriga??o aplicadas (50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspira??o da cultura di?ria). O experimento foi conduzido em baldes de 20 L com uma planta por balde em delineamento experimental 4x4 com 5 parcelas, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas no solo ap?s aplica??o e nos efluentes adicionalmente, foram realizadas an?lises microbiol?gicas durante o experimento. Nas plantas foram realizadasan?lises biom?tricas: di?metro do caule, altura da planta e n?mero de folhas e de fitomassas: fitomassas fresca e seca da parte a?rea, do cap?tulo e da raiz. Pode-se concluir que a utiliza??o de diferentes fontes de irriga??o n?o produziu efeito significativo nas avalia??es biom?tricas e de fitomassa do girassol, sendo poss?vel a utiliza??o de todas as fontes estudadas sem preju?zo ao desenvolvimento da planta. A filtra??o de areia proporcionou efici?ncia consider?vel, sendo uma solu??o simples e barata para o tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos

Situés dans une région clé pour la dynamique du climat global, les glaciers tropicaux sont de très bons indicateurs de la variabilité climatique. Ce travail a permis de spatialiser les modèles de bilan d'énergie CROCUS (pour la neige et la glace) et ISBA (pour le sol non enneigé) sur le bassin versant du glacier Zongo (16°S, 3.3 km2, Bolivie), englacé à 63 % et suivi par le SO/ORE GLACIOCLIM. Ainsi, des jeux de données nivo-météorologiques complets ont été constitués du 01/09/2004 au 31/03/2006 en accordant une attention particulière aux lames d'eau et aux phases des précipitations. Le modèle CROCUS-ISBA a été adapté pour simuler le manteau neigeux éphémère de la moraine et les résultats ont été validés sur plusieurs sites de mesures. Sur le glacier, le modèle CROCUS a permis de simuler correctement le bilan de masse local mesuré par les balises d'ablation. Ensuite, les modèles ont été étendus à l'ensemble du bassin versant et alimentés par les données météorologiques spatialisées. Le bilan net spécifique du glacier simulé est validé par celui évalué par photogrammétrie. Les débits à l'exutoire du bassin versant et leur saisonnalité sont bien restitués par le modèle (8% d'erreur sur les volumes d'eau pour toute la période, critère de Nash quotidien de 0.63). De nombreux résultats sont présentés sur le coefficient d'écoulement de la moraine, la contribution du glacier par tranche d'altitude et la réponse du bassin versant à deux saisons humides contrastées. Cet outil permet ainsi de mieux évaluer et comprendre les processus responsables de la fonte sur le glacier et sur les moraines et de quantifier leurs contributions respectives à la ressource en eau locale.

No description available.

No description available.

After the Opium War, China has entered a rapid transformation. At the later period of Qing Dynasty, fictions were put to excellent, it was emphasized the actual function of the social. It reflected social conditions and enlighten the people through advocacy fictions. Intellectuals deeply appreciate female issues tightly linked with the fate of the country, and carried out the large-scale feminist movement of the later period of Qing Dynasty. Through against foot-binding, build female schools , promote freedom of marriage, established the independent personality of female, and the liberated women totally. Fictions were written female lives and reflected women' issues at this time. "Huang Hsiu Chiu" reflected female lives and situations very well in many feminist fictions, it was centered foot-binding, female education, women' issues. Miao-Ru Wang had created a a group of new revolutionary female who be strong, be no fear of might by female writing in "Female Prison Flower". These females found themselves in the corresponding relationships of saving the nation, women's rights, and woman's education.

No description available.