Estudos sobre o software, que ocupa um lugar destacado dentre as tecnologias da informação, têm abordado suas atividades a partir do enfoque econômico. Tendo como objetivo alcançar uma compreensão a respeito do modo de construção de práticas estratégicas de produtores/fornecedores de software referentes aos seus produtos e/ou serviços, a nossa visada ao mercado de software é feita a partir de um enfoque econômico e social. Por isto, balizamos o estudo na busca de um entendimento a respeito da construção social deste mercado, significando uma busca de aspectos históricos relevantes sobre o seu desenvolvimento e de elementos característicos da estrutura social deste mercado. Apreendemos esta estrutura a partir da identificação de diferentes tipos de atores deste mercado, de relações de dominação existentes entre eles, de práticas estratégicas que utilizam, mobilizando diferentes espécies de capitais (p. ex.: financeiro, tecnológico, comercial, social, simbólico), e a partir da estruturação das suas ofertas, em termos de modalidades de software e serviços relacionados. Utilizamos como referencial teórico a Sociologia Econômica, a Teoria dos Campos, Estratégia como Prática e Capacidades Dinâmicas. Para as análises da pesquisa utilizamos múltiplas fontes de evidências e diferentes métodos, como observação participante, pesquisa histórica e estudo de caso, combinados num desenho de pesquisa onde cada etapa procura subsídios nos resultados das anteriores. Adotamos como estratégia de pesquisa, análises no nível macro, da construção e da estrutura social do mercado de software, e análises no nível micro, de práticas estratégicas de empresas posicionadas do lado da demanda e do lado da oferta de software, com um estudo de caso no mercado de software para imobiliárias. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa está a identificação de práticas estratégicas de empresas de software, que agrupamos em categorias como “incorporação de inovação”, “desenvolvimento de produto”, “licenciamento de uso”, “prestação de serviços de suporte técnico e manutenção” e “comercialização de software produto”. Foi possível estabelecer vinculações destas práticas com elementos da estrutura social do campo pesquisado, particularmente com as relações de dominação. / Scientific studies on software, which occupy a notorious place in the field of information technology, approach their activities from an economic perspective. Aiming to reach an understanding on how to build strategic practices for producers /suppliers of software, vis-à-vis products and/or services, the target software market is, therefore, seen from an economic and social focus. This work was framed to foster comprehension on the social construction of this market, leading to an investigation of its relevant historical aspects and the main characteristics of its social structure. Such structure is acknowledged from the identification of different types of actors in this market as well as the power relations between them which, through their strategic practices, mobilize different kinds of capital (e.g.: financial, technological, commercial, social, and symbolic). It also focuses on their framework of offers regarding their types of software and related services. The theoretical focal point is on the Economic Sociology, the Theory of Fields, Strategy as Practice and the Dynamic Capabilities. Multiple sources of evidence and different methods were used in the analysis of this survey, such as participant observation, historical research and case study, combined with a research design in which each step of the search results from previous outcomes. The search strategy used included analyses at the macro level, of social construction and social structure of the software market, as well as analyses at the micro level of strategic practices of companies placed on the software demand and supply sides, with a study case in the software market for real estate. Among the results of the research is the identification of strategic practices of software companies, which grouped into categories such as "incorporation of innovation", "product development", "license of use", "provision of technical support and maintenance" and "software product marketing". It was possible to establish connections between these practices and the elements of the social structure of this field researched, particularly with the relations of domination.

Esta dissertação aborda o tema ‘cadeias agroalimentares curtas’. As dificuldades econômicas vividas pelos agricultores familiares nas últimas décadas os têm feito reagir por meio de iniciativas que comportam produção, processamento e comercialização de alimentos diferenciados a partir de agroindústrias artesanais familiares. O estudo analisa o processo de construção social das iniciativas de produção, industrialização e comercialização de produtos alimentares da agricultura familiar no município de Nova Veneza, sul de Santa Catarina, buscando identificar fatores históricos e conjunturais que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento. A partir das cadeias do queijo, da farinha de milho e do vinho foi analisado o papel das organizações e, em especial, de que forma instituições como a Epagri e a Prefeitura Municipal têm interagido com esse processo no município. Também foi analisada a relação das cadeias alimentares curtas com os mercados e como formas de organização coletiva têm reconectado consumidores e produtores. Finalizou-se o trabalho analisando a motivação dos consumidores ao optarem por produtos da agricultura familiar e as implicações dos mercados de produtos com qualidade diferenciada para o desenvolvimento local. Para compreender o objeto de estudo, buscou-se uma combinação entre as noções teóricas da construção social de mercados e a perspectiva orientada aos atores. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados no estudo de caso foram levantamento de dados por meio de pesquisa semiestruturada, observação e análise de dados secundários. As conclusões do trabalho apontam que cadeias agroalimentares curtas se caracterizam por novas formas de desenvolvimento rural, porém, apesar de seu viço, apresentam fragilidades e dependem da ação dos atores, especialmente do poder público, comprometendo-se com a regulação de mercados e processos de mediação qualificados. A expansão e a consolidação das cadeias agroalimentares curtas depende da construção da governança. / This thesis addresses the issue of short food supply chains to rural development. The economic difficulties experienced by farmers in recent decades have reacted through initiatives that include production, processing and marketing of different foods from small family agribusinesses. The study analyzes the social construction of production initiatives, industrialization and marketing of food from family farms in the municipality of Nova Veneza, south of Santa Catarina, Brazil, seeking to identify historical and situational factors that contributed to its development. From the chains of cheese, corn flour and wine, I analyzed the role of organizations and in particular, how institutions like Epagri and municipal government have interacted with this process in the municipality. I also analyzed the relationship between short food supply chains with markets and how various forms of collective organization have reconnected producers and consumers. The study concludes by analyzing the motivation of consumers to choose products from family farms and the implications of product markets with differentiated quality for local development. To understand the object of study proposed a combination of the theoretical notions of social construction of markets and the actor-oriented approach. The methodological procedures used in the case study were secondary data analysis, data collection through semi-structured research and observation. The conclusions of the study indicate that short food supply chains are characterized by new forms of rural development. However, in despite of its vigor, it presents weaknesses and depends on the action of the actors, especially the government itself to the regulation of markets and skilled mediation processes. The expansion and consolidation of short food supply chains depends on the understanding and construction of the notion governance.

O presente trabalho investigou os principais fatores que levaram parte dos pequenos comerciantes do varejo alimentar a construírem redes de cooperação, a influência destas organizações na estruturação dos varejos locais e as repercussões destes processos sobre os produtores e a produção local de hortigranjeiros (FLV). Buscou-se na sociologia econômica, em especial na desenvolvida por Pierre Bourdieu e Neil Fligstein, a teoria e os conceitos básicos para a análise do fenômeno do surgimento destas organizações no contexto da construção social dos mercados locais de alimentos. Através deste arcabouço teórico estudouse como as disposições dos atores do pequeno varejo são condicionadas pelo campo do varejo local, bem como a forma como as suas práticas também influenciam a estruturação destes espaços. A pesquisa empírica é composta por dois estudos de caso no Rio Grande do Sul: o campo do varejo de Santa Maria, na região central do estado, onde foram estudas as redes de cooperação Rede Super e a Unimercados; e o campo do varejo de Santa Rosa, situada na região noroeste do estado, onde foi estudada a rede de cooperação CNS. Além das redes, foram estudados os principais atores com os quais elas se relacionam, no caso os supermercados Carrefour e a empresa supermercadista Rede Vivo, ambas concorrentes das redes de Santa Maria; e as organizações dos agricultores que fornecem FLV para as redes e outras empresas, APRHOROSA (associação de produtores de FLV de Santa Rosa) e a Coopercedro (cooperativa de produtores de FLV de Santa Maria). Entre as conclusões do trabalho está a confirmação da importância da teoria sobre a construção social dos mercados para revelar a transformação das disposições dos atores e as suas causas, bem como a influência das mudanças no comportamento dos mesmos nas relações entre varejo e fornecedores, com destaque para os produtores locais. A invasão dos varejos locais por grandes cadeias supermercadistas condicionou os pequenos varejistas que apresentavam disposição para participar do jogo do varejo a organizarem-se em redes a fim de conseguirem preservar suas posições estruturais. Os que não tinham tal disposição, bem como os que não contavam com recursos (capital) para enfrentar as pressões do campo de poder, tornaram-se marginalizados. Quanto a quem são os construtores das redes, concluiu-se que se tratam de pequenos comerciantes dinâmicos, que não têm habitus de comerciantes tradicionais, mas de comerciantes sintonizados com as transformações do campo. Uma segunda conclusão importante é a de que o pequeno varejo que emerge com as redes é plenamente integrado às regras e à cultura dos varejos locais em que participam, tanto nas práticas de relacionamento com os concorrentes, quanto com os fornecedores. Por outro lado, o pequeno varejo tradicional e as feiras livres se enfraquecem na medida em que tentam sobreviver disputando o mesmo espaço das redes, porém com práticas defasadas. Por fim, quanto à questão central da tese referente à inserção dos agricultores familiares no varejo estruturado moderno, concluiu-se que eles necessitam acima de tudo fortalecer-se nas relações de poder, o que envolve agregação de capitais comercial, tecnológico, cultural, simbólico e principalmente social. Desta forma eles podem ser reinseridos no mercado e a trajetória a partir de então tende a transformar seu habitus, lentamente, como ocorreu com os pequenos comerciantes varejistas na sua trajetória na construção do varejo local com a rede. / The present work investigates the main factors what drove some of small retailer’s merchant of food retail to create cooperation networks. Besides, it investigates also the influence of these organizations as they structure local retails furthermore the repercussions of these processes over the producers and the local fresh fruits and vegetables production (FLV). It was examined in the economical sociology; especially the one developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Neil Fligstein, the theory and the basic concepts for the phenomenon analysis of these organizations appearance in the social construction context of foods their local markets. Through this theoretical outline it was studied how the actors dispositions of small retail are conditioned by the local retail field, as well as the way how their practices also influence these spaces organization. The empiric research is composed by two case studies in Rio Grande do Sul state: first, the Santa Maria's retail field, in the state central area, where it was studied the cooperation networks such as Rede Super and Unimercados; second, the Santa Rosa's retail field, located in the northwest area of the state, where it was studied the CNS cooperation network. Besides the networks, it was studied as well, the main actors what they are connected with, in this case: firstly, Carrefour and Rede Vivo companies, both competitors of Santa Maria's networks; secondly, the farmer's organizations what supply fresh fruits and vegetables to the networks, and also to other companies such as: APRHOROSA (producer's association of fresh fruits and vegetables of Santa Rosa) and Coopercedro (producer's cooperative of fresh fruits and vegetables of Santa Maria). It is among the conclusions of this work the confirmation of the importance about market's social construction theory to reveal the transformation of the actor's (small retailer's merchant and suppliers) dispositions and their causes, as well as the influence of changes in the behavior of these actors in the relationships between retail and suppliers, emphasizing the local producers. The invasion of the local retails by big supermarket chains has conditioned the small retailer's merchant who presented willingness to participate of the retail game; they organized themselves in networks in order to preserve their structural position. Not only the ones who did not have such willingness, but also the ones who did not reckon upon resources (capital) to face the pressures of power field, they became marginalized. As first main conclusion about who the networks builders are, showed as consequence that it is about small dynamic merchants, who do not have traditional merchants habit, but, in fact, they are merchants tuned with the transformations of the field. As second important conclusion, is the one the small retail which emerges together with the networks is fully integrated to local retails rules and culture in which they participate, not only in the relationship practices with the competitors, but also with the suppliers. On the other hand, the small traditional retail and the open air markets weaken as they try to survive disputing the same space with the networks, however with delayed practices. Finally, concerning to the central subject matter of this paper regarding the family farmers' insert in the structured and modern retail, it is concluded they need, above all, to strengthen themselves about power relationships, what involve commercial, technological, cultural, symbolic and mainly social aggregation of capitals. This way they can be reinserted in the market and the path starting from then tends to transform their habit, slowly, similarly it has happened to the small retailer's merchant in their path to the construction of the local retail with the network.

Industrial and Organisational Psychology / (D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial Psychology))

xi, 246 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation focuses on Latin American survivors of political violence and the staff members involved with one of the few torture treatment centers in the US. Relying primarily on life histories and semi-structured interviews, my research focuses on the social construction of suffering (Kleinman et al. 1997) created by the staff and participants over the course of three different eras of the center. While the clients of this center lead lives that are tremendously impacted by the violent histories of their home countries, they do so while living in a country where this history is almost completely invisible. As exiles, they are removed from the arena of collective memory reflected in debates in postwar transitional Latin American societies about the meaning of the past, the reasons for their suffering, and the need for historical truth. Consequently, I examine the torture treatment center as one arena where this history and the suffering of survivors is acknowledged. As such, I argue that the staff serves as a critical social network--indeed, perhaps the only one--that influences the individual interpretations, narratives, and actions of survivors about the meaning of trauma, the importance of the past, and how one best heals from violence. First, I illustrate how the biographies of staff shape their involvement with the center and the meaning the center has for them, which, in turn, leads to both the promise and predicaments of their work for social change. Second, this research illustrates the diverse forms that trauma can take and argues for a connection among structural, transitional, and political violence. Third, I explore how the meaning attributed to trauma and the past shapes notions held by the center's staff and participants regarding how one best heals from trauma. Throughout the exploration of these themes, my work identifies the presence of certain discourses and the absence of others--the frictions and fragments occurring in engagements between social service networks and those they serve (Tsing 2005)--that reflect the possibilities for and limitations of individual healing and collective change and that make this center a "fragile community." / Advisers: Dr. Lynn Stephen, Co-Chair; Dr. Philip Young, Co-Chair

Extra-marital affairs are the main reason for divorce in western society. Pastoral therapists usually operate within a modernistic theology and use their 'expert' knowledge of theological ethics to confront the unfaithful spouse - a pastoral therapeutic approach that neither delivers the desired results, nor honours the client's expertise and freedom. This study endeavoured to socially construct pastoral therapy using the principles of postmodernistic social construction discourse with couples/spouses where one spouse is or was engaged in an extramarital affair. The relation between a modernistic epistemology and a postmodernistic epistemology, and how this relation affects theology, practical theology and pastoral therapy were explored. The propium of pastoral therapy in a postmodemistic paradigm and the implications of a narrative approach in pastoral therapy for theological ethics were reflected upon. A narrative description of extra-marital affairs was constructed and some of the cultural discourses which co-constitute extra-marital affairs were discussed. The pastoral therapist and clients were simultaneously in conversation with ethical discourses and relational, personal and emotional discourses, thus co-constructing new alternatives and possibilities. During these multiple reflexive conversations, some of the cultural discourses (eros; self-fulfilment; extra-marital sex and hedonism) which co-constitute extra-marital affairs were deconstructed. In the light of the usual limitations of the life-span of an extra-marital affair, the pastoral therapist and faithful spouses socially constructed alternatives and possibilities for their lives to enable them to outstay the extra-marital affair of the unfaithful spouse. Multiple reflexive conversations with (un)faithful spouses co-constructed, with relational and ethical discourses, a narrative approach in pastoral therapy. The use of externalisation and ritualisation in a narrative approach in pastoral therapy concerning extra-marital affairs was explored. A sense of guilt and secrets were also themes in multiple reflexive conversations with unfaithful spouses. This prompted reflection on the use of Scripture in a narrative approach in pastoral therapy. The relation between the biological-psychological aspects of extra-marital affairs and narrative therapy are also briefly explored. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

Individual distress in the work-place has been cited as the cause of enormous loss of productivity and income, and has therefore attracted much attention from researchers and therapists alike. However, an extensive literature study reveals that in the field of work-related distress and its management, there appears to be discontinuity, a diversity of opinion and even confusion with regard to definitions, causes and possible remedies for the problem. It is suggested that this situation has been brought about and is being perpetuated by the Newtonian/Cartesian epistemological foundation on which most thinking in the field is based. It is further suggested that an epistemology informed by ecosystemic, constructivist principles could facilitate a way of thinking which would be more useful in this context. A case study was done in accordance with the above-mentioned ideas, which served as an investigation of their usefulness in a situation of reported work-related stress. On the basis of the information which emerged from the study, it is concluded that an ecosystemic approach can indeed provide a useful basis for understanding such situations. Furthermore, it is suggested that there are certain commonalities between such situations which are primarily founded in contexts in which the individual finds himself faced with contradictory demands which are not acknowledged as such. Finally, the point is made that if, in accordance with a constructivist viewpoint, "stress" is understood to be a social construction rather than an absolute condition, then the traditional way of thinking provides us with descriptions of man, society and the relationship between them, which are negative and may also be reflexively destructive. However, since constructivism allows for a different construction to be brought forth, we may utilise ecosystemic thinking to provide a more optimistic view. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

A Pragmatic Analysis of Olunyole Idiom examines the functionality of Olunyole idioms in socio-cultural interactional contexts. The study investigates the relationship between the construction and interpretation of Olunyole idioms and the representation of the social reality as reflected in the native speakers’ (Abanyole) world view. The study employs the descriptive qualitative research design and builds on the functional approach to the study of language. The Olunyole idioms are collected from the initial sample of over 240 native speakers through language elicitation tests. The idioms collected are subjected to confirmation through ethnographic observation and questionnaires involving a further 30 native speakers. Interviews and focused discussions with a purposively selected sample of sixteen elderly native speaker informants provide further confirmation and linguistic insight into the functionality of the Olunyole idioms.framework in interrogating the role of language in social structure and organization within contextualised interactional conversations involving Olunyole idioms. The data of idiomatic expressions is analyzed into pragmatic domains that characterize the Abanyole perceptions of their world view as a speech community. It is concluded that the idioms project the people’s cultural beliefs and perpetuate the norms and values of the speakers in their mutual interactive use of language. The Olunyole idiomatic utterances regulate the people’s behaviour for harmonious co-existence. The composition and comprehension of the idioms is therefore context-dependent in realizing deliberate acts that control social interaction. The study contributes to the attempts to preserve and promote the African Languages. It is recommended that studies need to be carried out on the other systems of Olunyole idioms such as the syntactic structure. Furthermore, the investigation between idioms and other levels of indirect language could provide enriching insights in Language and Linguistics. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Moreira Zanini.pdf: 1290506 bytes, checksum: 41c7c0924876851a82287822dd335ffe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We realized that the traditional paradigms are now considered singular and dictatorial. On the other hand, sets out a new meaning whose north is the political correctness. Understanding the advertising as a socio-cultural product, this research is initially a bibliographic study, aimed the conceptualization and analysis of issues related to your theme. With this properly seized context, a pragmatic discourse analysis was performed on a corpus of advertisements aired between 2009 and 2014, on brazilian television through open format. Our investigation focused on the ways that elements postulated by politically correct thinking are being added to advertiser gender, in constructions of meaning. We could observe a rebuke trend of certain groups to advertising content that touch on very specific themes, with interpretations marked by a high degree of subjectivity; and what is being sought, oftentimes, through an empowerment permitted by our present context, is in fact the suppression of certain themes within the advertising communication. / Ao que se percebe, paradigmas até então vigentes passam a ser considerados singulares e ditatoriais. Em contrapartida, estabelece-se uma nova acepção, cujo norte é o pensar politicamente correto. Entendendo a publicidade como um produto sociocultural, essa pesquisa inicialmente é bibliográfica visando à conceituação e análise de questões inerentes ao seu tema. Com este contexto devidamente apreendido, uma análise pragmática do discurso foi realizada em um corpus de anúncios publicitários veiculados entre 2009 e 2014, no meio televisivo brasileiro de formato aberto. Nossa investigação se concentrou nos modos com que os elementos postulados pelo pensamento politicamente correto vêm sendo incorporados ao gênero publicitário em construções de sentido. Pudemos observar uma tendência de repreensão de determinados grupos a conteúdos publicitários que tocam em temáticas muito específicas, com interpretações marcadas por um alto grau de subjetividade; e o que se busca muitas vezes, através de um empoderamento permitido por nosso contexto atual, é mesmo a supressão de determinadas temáticas dentro da comunicação publicitária. .

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / For a long time the markets were seen as an abstract entity, regulated by offer and demand for products, and disconsidered the importance of social interaction in their formation. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehend the factors that contributed to and conditioned the shape of the market structure of Acacia mearnsii De Wild in Rio Grande do Sul, as well as understand the different roles of agents and institutions in the social construction of this market. This work specifically intended: identify agents that compose the market for Acacia mearnsii and their roles; map the network of relationships of the agents in the market; understand the effect of social, technical, economic and political aspects in the development of market of Acacia mearnsii in Rio Grande do Sul. For this was selected the New Economic Sociology (NES) as the theoretical basis. Pierre Bordieu was the main visited author, due of his theory of fields and capital, and for understand that the action of agents is conditioned by the existent structure and the structure is conditioned by the habitus of agents. Other authors such as Fligstein, Swedberg, Steiner and Abramovay also have meaningful participation in the study due to their contributions to the area. The methodology used to conduct this study was the case study, and the market of Acacia mearnsii was considered the case to be analyzed. To obtain the data, semi-structured interviews were realized in ten cities of RS, with the main companies of the sector, along forest producers that operate in different ways and with different strategies, and with the company Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (TARE). As a secondary source, we used data of IBGE, Emater / Ascar and various agencies connected with the section. Thus, it was concluded that the market of Acacia mearnsii is a social construct composed of several agents, identified eleven kinds, each with distinct characteristics and strategies. It was noticed that this market had its beginning promoted by the exploration of the shell for the production of tannin. In a second moment, comes the production of charcoal, the main way to use the wood until the 1990s, and from 1995 began the exploration of wood for the purpose of producing splinter for export, considerably modifying the field. It was also noticed that this market was conditioned by several factors such as the concentration of capital from major companies; the influence of formal and informal institutional environment on the action of the agents, materialized by environmental and labor laws and culture; the lack of labor, indifferently of the size of the producer; the problem of the succession of family foresters; the lack of cooperation between small producers to market their products; the ability of social enterprises and their influence on other agents; habitus colonist forester and coal producer, among others. / Por muito tempo os mercados foram entendidos como uma entidade abstrata, regulada pela oferta e pela demanda dos produtos, e que desconsiderava a importância da interação social na sua formação. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral compreender os fatores que concorreram e que condicionaram o formato da estrutura do mercado da acácianegra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild) no Rio Grande do Sul, bem como entender os distintos papéis dos agentes e das instituições na construção social deste mercado. Especificamente pretendeu-se: identificar os agentes que compõem o mercado de acácia-negra e seus papéis; mapear a rede de relações dos agentes existente no mercado; compreender o efeito dos aspectos sociais, técnicos, econômicos e políticos no desenvolvimento do mercado da acácia-negra no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para isto selecionou-se a Nova Sociologia Econômica (NSE) como o arcabouço teórico de base. O principal autor visitado foi Pierre Bourdieu, em virtude da sua teoria dos campos e dos capitais, e por entender que a ação dos agentes é condicionada pela estrutura existente e a estrutura é condicionada pelo habitus dos agentes. Outros autores como Fligstein, Swedberg, Steiner e Abramovay também tiverem participação destacada no estudo devido às suas contribuições para a área. A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste trabalho foi o estudo de caso, sendo que o mercado da acácia-negra foi considerado o caso a ser analisado. Para a obtenção dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, em dez municípios do estado do RS, junto às principais empresas do setor, junto a produtores florestais que atuam de distintas formas e com estratégias diferentes, e juntamente à empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER). Como fonte secundária, foram utilizados dados do IBGE, da Emater/Ascar e de diversos órgãos ligados ao setor. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o mercado da acácia-negra constitui uma construção social composta por diversos agentes, sendo identificados onze tipos, cada um com características e estratégias distintas. Percebeu-se que este mercado teve seu início impulsionado pela exploração da casca destinada à produção de tanino. Em um segundo momento, surge a produção de carvão vegetal, principal forma de utilizar a madeira até os anos 1990 e, a partir de 1995, iniciou-se a exploração da madeira com a finalidade de produzir cavaco para exportação, modificando consideravelmente o campo. Também notou-se que este mercado foi condicionado por vários fatores, como a concentração dos principais capitais junto às empresas; a influência do ambiente institucional formal e informal sobre a ação dos agentes, materializado pelas legislações ambientais e trabalhistas e pela cultura; a falta de mão de obra, indiferentemente do porte do produtor; o problema da sucessão dos silvicultores familiares; a falta de cooperação entre os pequenos produtores para a comercialização de seus produtos; a habilidade social das empresas e a sua influência sobre os demais agentes; o habitus do colono silvicultor e produtor de carvão, entre outros.