Social infrastructure is premises or housing for municipally financed and statutory service such as schools, preschools, retirement homes and LSS or other social apartments. They can be built either stand-alone or integrated, where the former is constructed as its own building on a reserved site for the specific purpose, while the latter is an incorporated in space in a building which otherwise is typically intended for ordinary residential housing. Different forms of integrated solutions for social infrastructure have increased in recent years in connection with urban densification, which can bring benefits while at the same time new challenges. Municipalities are responsible for providing social infrastructure, which is ensured by means of regulations in zoning plans. The actual construction of the zoning plan is then usually carried out by private developers, which, in case of the municipally owned land, is done through land allocation agreements. This study intends to provide a picture of which legal regulations, practical applications and future challenges exist for social infrastructure in new urban areas. It is mainly based on the situation that applies in the case of land allocation agreements. A literature study was been done in order to explain legislation, government recommendations and previous research. Then, the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews was used to gain insight into how it is possible in practice to create the conditions needed for social infrastructure in development projects in new urban areas. A total of 4 municipalities and 3 developers operating in Stockholm and the Uppsala area have been interviewed for this purpose. The results of the literature study and interviews show that it is important that the need for the social infrastructure is described in the early stages and followed throughout the entire development process. Preschools are the most common type of social infrastructure and are relevant in nearly all development projects for residential development. Increased integrated solutions for preschools lead to difficulties achieving sufficient outdoor environment, which is considered to be one of the greatest practical and future challenges. Solutions for co-utilization of premises are also considered necessary. Among other things it is apparent from the legal regulations, that municipalities do not usually use their opportunities for easement or 3D property divisions, but rather prefer to rent or let private operators run businesses that include social infrastructure. Public procurement is probably not considered applicable when it comes to solutions for integrated social infrastructure, beyond its application in the adaptation of the premises and their interior. However, there is generally a great de / Social infrastruktur är lokaler eller bostäder för kommunalt finansierad och lagstadgad service som t.ex. skolor, förskolor, äldreboenden och LSS- eller andra sociala lägenheter. Detta kan uppföras antingen fristående eller integrerat, där det förstnämnda uppförs i egen byggnad på reserverad tomt för ändamålet medan det andra uppförs i utrymme i byggnad som i övrigt vanligen är avsedd för ordinär bostadsbebyggelse. Olika integrerade lösningar för social infrastruktur har ökat de senaste åren i samband med att städer förtätas, som kan ge fördelar men samtidigt nya utmaningar. Kommuner är ansvariga för att tillgodose den sociala infrastrukturen, vilket säkerställs genom användningsbestämmelser i detaljplan. Genomförandet av detaljplanen utförs sedan vanligen av privata exploatörer, som när kommunen äger marken sker genom ett markanvisningsförfarande. Denna studie har för avsikt att ge en bild av vilka lagliga regleringar, praktiska tillämpningar och framtida utmaningar som anses finnas för social infrastruktur i ny stadsbebyggelse. Studien utgår främst ifrån exploateringar som genomförs efter en markanvisning. Litteraturstudie har utförts i syfte att redogöra för lagstiftning, myndigheters rekommendationer och tidigare forskning. Sedan har en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer använts för att få en inblick i hur det praktiskt går till att skapa förutsättningar för social infrastruktur vid exploateringsprojekt i ny stadsbebyggelse. Totalt har 4 kommuner och 3 exploatörer som är verksamma i Stockholm och Uppsala-trakten intervjuats i detta syfte. Resultaten från litteraturstudie och intervjuer visar att det är viktigt att behov för den sociala infrastrukturen beskrivs i tidiga skeden och följer med under hela exploateringsprocessen. Förskolor är det vanligaste typen av social infrastruktur som aktualiseras i stort sett alla exploateringsprojekt för bostadsbebyggelse. Ökade integrerade lösningar för förskolor leder till svårigheter med tillräcklig utemiljö, viket även ses som en av de största praktiska och framtida utmaningarna. Det anses även behövas lösningar för samutnyttjande av lokaler. Vad som bl. a. framgår av de lagliga regleringarna är att kommuner vanligen inte använder sina möjligheter för inlösen eller 3D-fastighetsbildning, utan hellre vill hyra eller låta privata aktörer driva verksamheter som omfattar den sociala infrastrukturen. Offentlig upphandling anses troligtvis inte bli tillämplig när det rör sig om lösningar för integrerad social infrastruktur, mer än för att göra själva lokalanpassningen och inredningen. Dock finns det överlag stor osäkerhet kring LOU:s tillämplighet i exploateringssammanhang.

This thesis explores the transformative potential of eco-cultural tourism in revitalizing post-industrial cities, with a focus on the network of towns along the Ohio River in West Virginia. The research seeks to understand the multifaceted impacts of tourism on urban development, social infrastructure, and economic growth in small towns. The core concept is to create a tapestry of connectivity along the river, celebrating the region's natural beauty and promoting shared experiences and community cohesion. The proposed initiative envisions a Master Plan featuring a well-integrated network that connects cities along the Ohio River. This network includes walking and biking trails, ATV routes, camping areas, water activities like kayaking and motorboating, accommodations, restaurants, local shops, and a dedicated rail corridor for travel. The proposed development primarily targets Parkersburg, a small city in Wood County, West Virginia, located at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Kanawha Rivers. The second phase of the project focuses on two critical sites within Parkersburg, essential for implementing the revitalization plan. Parkersburg is envisioned as the catalyst and starting point for the entire network, positioning it as the epicenter of urban regeneration and community development. Overall, the thesis investigates the potential benefits and challenges of implementing a comprehensive tourism-driven urban revitalization strategy. Through an interdisciplinary approach to planning and design, it examines the ecological, cultural, tourism, and environmental impacts on development, envisioning a sustainable future where West Virginia's post-industrial cities prosper as interconnected nodes. / Master of Science / Discover the transformative power of eco-cultural tourism in breathing new life into West Virginia's post-industrial cities. This research delves into the intricate impacts of tourism on urban development, social fabric, and economic resurgence in suburban areas, focusing on the picturesque towns lining the Ohio River. Imagine a meticulously planned network seamlessly connecting these towns through a myriad of experiences: tranquil water trails, adventurous ATV paths, historic rail lines, and scenic biking routes. This master plan not only celebrates the region's natural splendor but also cultivates a sense of community and shared heritage. At its heart lies Parkersburg, strategically positioned to spearhead this revitalization effort. As a nexus for urban renewal and communal growth, Parkersburg is poised to serve as the gateway to a vibrant tourism destination, breathing vitality into once-dwindling local economies. Through interdisciplinary analysis, this thesis explores the numerous benefits and challenges of implementing such a comprehensive tourism-driven strategy. By envisioning a future where West Virginia's post-industrial cities thrive as interconnected hubs along culturally enriched eco-trails, it paves the way for sustainable growth and shared prosperity.

This research tracks the emergence of ‘soft’ workfare in Toronto. This refers to a set of attitudes and practices apparent in the delivery of welfare-to-work programs through the Ontario Works framework, which use compulsion to push people towards employment while simultaneously encouraging limited and specific practices of individual choice. Research findings are derived from eight interviews and relevant policy reports, focusing on the experiences of three non-profit agencies and the City of Toronto, who provide employment assistance and financial assistance through Ontario Works, respectively. These findings indicate that grassroots organizations pioneered employment services for social assistance recipients, and, alongside the municipal government, had been calling for active employment programs. They made use of the distance between policy rules and their own programs to alleviate the most punitive features of OW, but judge compulsion as a means to meet a necessary end. This demonstrates how disciplinary tendencies reside within liberal governmentalities.

This research tracks the emergence of ‘soft’ workfare in Toronto. This refers to a set of attitudes and practices apparent in the delivery of welfare-to-work programs through the Ontario Works framework, which use compulsion to push people towards employment while simultaneously encouraging limited and specific practices of individual choice. Research findings are derived from eight interviews and relevant policy reports, focusing on the experiences of three non-profit agencies and the City of Toronto, who provide employment assistance and financial assistance through Ontario Works, respectively. These findings indicate that grassroots organizations pioneered employment services for social assistance recipients, and, alongside the municipal government, had been calling for active employment programs. They made use of the distance between policy rules and their own programs to alleviate the most punitive features of OW, but judge compulsion as a means to meet a necessary end. This demonstrates how disciplinary tendencies reside within liberal governmentalities.

Loneliness is increasingly understood as a significant physical and mental health concern in modern society. Yet studies of the subject typically characterise it as resulting entirely from subjective individual characteristics and circumstances. The impact of broader living environments is understudied, leaving disciplines such as urban planning with little guidance as to how environmental intervention strategies might best ameliorate loneliness. This paper uses Stockholm as a case study for asking two place-based questions: (1) what can our knowledge of loneliness risk factors tell us about the possible spatial distribution of loneliness in cities? (2) what influence does the built environment itself have on loneliness? An abductive approach is used to test different ways in which urban planners might map risk of loneliness and social isolation in different neighbourhoods. The results shed light on spatial segregation as a potential contributing factor, with implications for planning practice.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы и приложений. В работе рассмотрены теоретико-прикладные аспекты создания социальной инфраструктуры в коттеджных поселках. Проанализирован район расположения рассматриваемого земельного участка, проанализированы основные конкуренты коттеджного поселка, изучены потребности потенциальных покупателей. Определены источники финансирования, сформирован бюджет проекта, рассчитаны показатели экономической эффективности проекта. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / The master's thesis consists of three chapters, conclusion, list of references and applications. The paper considers the theoretical and applied aspects of creating f social infrastructure in cottage settlements. The location area of the land plot under consideration has been analyzed, the main competitors of the cottage community have been analyzed, and the needs of potential buyers have been studied. Sources of financing have been identified, a project budget has been formed, and indicators of the project's economic efficiency have been calculated. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formulated and the research results are summarized.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и библиографического списка. Рассмотрены теоретические аспекты современные подходы к формированию комфортной среды девелопмента жилой недвижимости и тенденции развития жилой недвижимости крупного города. Разработана маркетинговая концепция жилого дома и выполнено финансово-экономическое обоснование эффективности реализации девелоперского проекта. Сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. Theoretical aspects of modern approaches to the formation of a comfortable environment for the development of residential real estate and trends in the development of residential real estate in a large city are considered. A marketing concept for a residential building has been developed and a financial and economic substantiation of the effectiveness of the implementation of a development project has been completed. The main conclusions are formulated and the results of the study are summarized.

No description available.

Magistro studijų baigiamąjį darbą sudaro: 62 puslapiai, 37 paveikslai, 12 lentelių, 60 šaltiniai, 4 priedai. Tyrimo objektas – kaimo socialinė infrastruktūra. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinus Alytaus rajono gyventojų poreikius ir kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros sektorių būklę parengti socialinės infrastruktūros valdymo gerinimo scenarijus. Uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti teorinius kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros valdymo aspektus. 2. Išanalizuoti Alytaus rajono kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros sektorių būklę. 3. Ištirti ir išanalizuoti Alytaus rajono gyventojų nuomonę apie kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros objektų tinklą ir paslaugas. 4. Nustatyti pagrindines kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros gerinimo kryptis siekiant Alytaus rajono darnios plėtros. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, anketinė apklausa, statistinių duomenų analizė, indukcija ir dedukcija, SSGG ir SOR analizės, grupavimas, grafinis vaizdavimas ir scenarijai. Buvo suformuota reprezentatyvi atranka, taikant atsitiktinės klasterinės atrankos tipą. Statistiniam tyrimo duomenų apdorojimui pasitelkta programinė įranga SPSS 14.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Tyrimo laikotarpis: 2006 – 2011 m. Pirmoje darbo dalyje buvo atlikta kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros (KSI) valdymo analizė, sukurtas KSI valdymo procesas, identifikuoti valdymą lemiantys veiksniai. Antroje darbo dalyje išanalizuota Alytaus rajono socialinės infrastruktūros būklė 2006 – 2011 m. ir atlikta anketinė apklausa (2010 – 11 – 01/... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final work of University Master studies consists of 62 pages, 37 figures, 12 tables, 60 references, 4 appendices. The work is written in Lithuania. Research object: rural social infrastructure. The aim of the research: to assess the population needs and condition of rural social infrastructure sector in Alytus district, to develop rural social infrastructure, to improve the management scenario. Objectives: • To explore the theoretical peculiarities of rural social infrastructure management; • To analyze the condition of social infrastructure sector in Alytus district; • To investigate and analyze the public opinion on the rural network and services of social infrastructure in Alytus district; • To identify the main direction of rural social infrastructure improvementr for sustainable development of Alytus district. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and statistical data, questionaire, the SWOT and SOR analyses, graphical representation, induction, deduction, graphic image and Scenario. The representative sample was formed on using random cluster sampling type. Statistical survey involving a data processing software SPSS 14.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Research period: 2006 – 2011. Research results: The first part analyzes theoretical concepts of rural social infrastructure (RSI) and its management. RSI management process is created and the factors of RSI management are identified. The second part analyzes the state... [to full text]

I marknadsrapporter går att läsa att samhällsfastigheter är en lågriskplacering där investerare söker säker hamn när det börjar blåsa. I Catella Property Forecast (2019) bedöms samhällsfastigheter som låg risk med medel-till-hög avkastning. Den underliggande efterfrågan på samhällsfastigheter i Sverige drivs av den demografiska utvecklingen och framgent behövs stora investeringar för att möta behovet bland landets kommuner och landsting. Hos investerarkollegiet har samhällsfastigheter seglat upp som ett alltmer populärt segment och i en marknadsrapport från Pangea Property Partners kommuniceras att samhällsfastigheter är den mest eftertraktade produkten bland institutionella investerare på fastighetsmarknaden i Sverige (Pangea Institutional Outlook, 2019). På grund av dess beskaffenhet bedöms risk och osäkerhet för investeringar i samhällsfastigheter som relativt låg under kontraktsperioden där ekonomiskt stabila hyresgäster säkerställer ett kassaflöde under långa hyresförhållanden. Hyresgästrisken och vakansrisken är i princip obefintlig under de långa hyreskontraktens löptid. Dock behäftas fastigheterna alltid, likt alla fastigheter, med en viss risk som kan härledas till exempelvis teknisk risk och miljörisk. Utöver dessa tillkommer även politisk risk samt juridiska risker. Specifikt för samhällsfastigheter är att de, per definition, är specialanpassade för verksamheten vilket kraftigt begränsar dess alternativa användning. Alla ovan nämnda parametrar ska speglas i en marknadsvärdesbedömning utförd av en registrerad värderare. Marknadsvärdesbedömningar är centrala i beslutsfattandet vilket föranleder att det är av största vikt att de är rättvisande. Då investerare känner komfort för de förhållanden som råder under löptiden för de långa avtalen är det intressant att granska synen på dessa fastigheter då kontrakten har löpt ut. Syftet med denna fallstudie är att genomlysa hur restvärdet för samhällsfastigheter bedöms av värderare med hänsyn till osäkerhet och risk. Värdering av fastigheter sker vanligen med kassaflödesmetoden som bygger på att framtida driftnetton under en given kalkylperiod diskonteras. Till detta värde adderas ett diskonterat restvärde som ska motsvara fastighetens värde vid slutet av kalkylperioden vilket ofta sammanfaller med att hyreskontraktet löper ut. Metoden bygger till stor del på prognostisering av framtiden. Följaktligen är värderingar behäftade med osäkerhet. Hur riskerna och osäkerheterna behandlas i värderingen kommer att framgå av resultatet. Studien visar att värderanas syn på restvärdesrisken för samhällsfastigheter är nästintill enhetlig och bygger ur teoretisk synvinkel på en objektiv bedömning av värderingsobjektets egenskaper och förutsättningar vid kalkylperiodens slut. Här bedöms ingående parametrar så som geografiskt läge, fastighetens kvalitet och standard men även politisk risk och vad byggnaden är anpassad till i dagsläget. Det framkommer även hur centralt sambandet mellan initial direktavkastning, exit yield och marknadens avkastningskrav är i bedömningen. Studien visar även att värderare bedömer att investerare inte fullt ut tar hänsyn till restvärdesrisken på de nivåer som transaktioner sker till i dagsläget. / Currently, there is strong investor demand for public property in Sweden with yields declining for both prime and secondary segments of the market. The underlying demand for properties relating to education and elderly care is expected to be high for years to come as a result of a growing population and other demographic changes. Investments in public property is considered low risk due to the long-term leases with financially strong and stable tenants. The occupancy rate for public property is high, partly due to the fact that single tenant properties are a regular occurrence and partly because the high demand. All investments are associated with risk, the character of which varies depending on the type of property and various other factors. Technical risk, political risk and environmental risks to name a few. Public properties are, per definition, properties that primarily houses tax-financed operators and that is customized for public services. Because of the specialized nature of these assets and the fact that they are difficult to convert to other uses the question of risk and uncertainty arise at the end of the lease period. When valuing a property using the discounted cash flow method this moment in time in when the terminal value is evaluated. The aim of this case study is to examine how valuers assess the risk and uncertainty associated with the terminal value of public property in Sweden. Through analysis of the external valuations that have been undertaken at one of Sweden’s largest owner of public properties for the end of year 2018 the objective is to find factors related to the terminal value that differ between properties intended for educational purposes and those for elderly care. By conducting interviews with external valuers, the report will outline what aspects of a property valuers examine in determining the terminal value. Information gathered in the interviews will be used to analyze the valuations that were carried out for the end of year reporting of Sweden’s largest owner of public property. The report starts with a review of the fundamentals of valuation which later in the report will be applied to the empirical data to create a framework from which determination of the risk associated with the terminal value of public property can be judged. Furthermore, the report will seek to understand the bridge between theory and practice in the subject.