Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3566.pdf: 855230 bytes, checksum: dd657920aba12e51cbfbf2b68a99a094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Brazilian environmental education is multifaceted, consisting of various politicalpedagogical conceptions. According to this background, the environmental educator chooses what ideas are best suited to his or her ideals of society and environment. This research is based in ideals of an egalitarian society, in which the social relations are marked by respect to all forms of life and by equal rights and opportunities for all the people. In this sense, the research had as it purpose to offer more possibilities to actions in the area of environmental education to suggest the concept of dialogic learning in order to increase the use of critical environmental education. At last, it discusses theoretically the possible contributions of dialogic learning for environmental education using the methodology of bibliographical research. The study included surveys of the main references in the Brazilian environmental education and learning dialogic and analyzed them in order to present their similarities and potential contributions of dialogic learning for environmental education. At the end of the analysis, we conclude that many of the assumptions of the dialogic learning are present, even though they are scattered, in different conceptions of environmental education, which is based on the principles of dialogic learning and may have its horizon expanded and make their criticality and the search for social transformation and environmental preservation stronger, suggesting concrete directions so it can be socially built. / A educação ambiental brasileira é múltipla, composta por diferentes concepções políticopedagógicas. Assim, cabe à/ao educadora/or ambiental escolher quais concepções se adequam melhor aos seus ideais de sociedade e de ambiente. Esta pesquisa está pautada nos ideais igualitários de sociedade, em que as relações sociais sejam marcadas pelo respeito a todas as formas de vida e pela igualdade de direitos e oportunidades a todas as pessoas. Neste sentido, teve como objetivo oferecer mais possibilidades de ação dentro do campo da educação ambiental ao apresentar a concepção dialógica de aprendizagem como potencializadora da prática da educação ambiental que se diz crítica. Para tanto, discutiram-se teoricamente as possíveis contribuições da aprendizagem dialógica para a educação ambiental, através da metodologia bibliográfica de pesquisa. O estudo inclui levantamento das principais referências da educação ambiental brasileira e da aprendizagem dialógica e, ao analisá-las, apresenta suas convergências e estrutura possibilidades de contribuição da aprendizagem dialógica para a educação ambiental. Ao final das análises, conclui que muitos dos pressupostos da aprendizagem dialógica já se encontram em diferentes concepções de educação ambiental de forma dispersa e que a educação ambiental, ao se pautar nos princípios da aprendizagem dialógica, poderá ter seus horizontes de atuação ampliados e o fortalecimento de sua criticidade e da busca pela transformação social com preservação ambiental, indicando caminhos concretos para que esta possa ser construída socialmente.

Este trabalho busca analisar os processos de educação dirigidos aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei em regime de privação de liberdade na Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo do Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), tendo como preocupação central a particularidade da formação por meio da escola – enquanto formação formal/regular – e da “formação para o trabalho” nesse ambiente. Os locais da realização da pesquisa de campo foram a Escola Senador Pasqualini da unidade Padre Cacique do Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo (CASE-PC) e o Centro de Convivência (CECON) – local em que são realizadas as oficinas de “profissionalização”. Especificamente, esta pesquisa volta-se para os processos de formação desenvolvidos no interior de uma instituição de internação em regime fechado e a função que a escola e o trabalho têm nesses processos. Esta dissertação pretendeu também, verificar quais são as possibilidades e os limites de desenvolvimento de uma educação ampliada, enquanto formação humana omnilateral e politécnica. O método que fundamenta esta dissertação é o materialismo histórico-dialético, tendo nas categorias de totalidade, historicidade e contradição, o suporte para a condução da pesquisa. A metodologia articuladora da pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados, o grupo focal, a entrevista semiestruturada e as anotações de campo. A principal constatação deste trabalho foi que os processos de formação da FASE-RS conduzem a uma aceitação tácita e naturalizada da forma de organização social, resultando em propostas que invariavelmente se reduzem a tentar “inculcar” ou “incutir” no pensamento dos adolescentes a ideologia da classe dominante. Os processos de formação da FASE-RS se reduzem a uma tentativa de fazer os adolescentes aceitarem a lógica do sistema capitalista, inviabilizando qualquer posicionamento crítico que possibilite aos adolescentes questionarem ou problematizarem a forma de organização social atual, ao qual são submetidos e sofrem graves consequências. Com isso, estes processos de formação se restringem a alimentar uma esperança de futura inserção no mercado de trabalho e afirmar que o adolescente tem condições e precisa se esforçar para se inserir nesta sociedade. / This work seeks to analyze the processes of education directed to adolescents in conflict with the law under the deprivation of liberty in the Socio-Educational Services Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), and as a central concern of special education through the school - while formal training / regular - and "job training" in this environment. The locations of the survey field were Senador Pasqualini School Unit Chief Priest of the Center for Socio- Educational Services (CASE-PC) and Social Center (CECON) - where they are held workshops of “professionalization”. Specifically, this research turns to the formation processes developed within a detention institution in a closed regime and the role that school and work have these processes. This dissertation also wanted to verify what are the possibilities and limits of development of an expanded education, while training and human omnilateral polytechnic. The method underlying this dissertation is the historical and dialectical materialism, and the categories of totality, historicity and contradiction, support for the conduct of research. The methodology was the organizer of the research case study, with the techniques of data collection, focus groups, semi-structured interviews and field notes. The main finding of this study was that the processes of formation of the FASE-RS lead to a tacit acceptance of and naturalized form of social organization, resulting in proposals that invariably boil down to trying to “impress” or “instill” in the minds of adolescents ideology the ruling class. The formation processes of FASE-RS are reduced to an attempt to get adolescents to accept the logic of the capitalist system, preventing any critical position that enables teens to question or problematize the current form of social organization, which are submitted and suffer serious consequences. Thus, these formation processes are restricted to feeding a hope for future integration into the labor market and said that the adolescent is able and must strive to enter in this society.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-28T14:37:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lays Bárbara Vieira Morais - 2018.pdf: 1704797 bytes, checksum: 1f0bd574efadd1bca7c251d5d6c8c358 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-28T14:38:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lays Bárbara Vieira Morais - 2018.pdf: 1704797 bytes, checksum: 1f0bd574efadd1bca7c251d5d6c8c358 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T14:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lays Bárbara Vieira Morais - 2018.pdf: 1704797 bytes, checksum: 1f0bd574efadd1bca7c251d5d6c8c358 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-08 / The research shows, first, the limits of the use of the speech place and, later, how this use and these limits affect the political action of the left, of the social movements of the left. The character of the work is theoretical, making an extensive bibliographical review and based on Critical Theory. In the first chapter we make a historical, political and theoretical point about the subject who speaks, the political action of a subject in the many visions within the left thinking. Chapter two deals with the limit of the current sense used to the speech place, namely: a liberal emphasis of politics on individuals, these are considered as an ideological category, the speech place as an individualism obliquely. Finally, it was concluded that the contemporary identity politics, represented by the use of the speech place, shifted the axis of action from the left of the collective to the individual. / A pesquisa procurou demonstrar, inicialmente, os limites do uso do lugar de fala e, posteriormente, como esse uso e esses limites afetam a atuação política da esquerda, dos movimentos sociais de esquerda. O caráter do trabalho é teórico, fazendo uma extensa revisão bibliográfica e tendo como base a Teoria Crítica. No primeiro capitulo faz-se um apontamento histórico, político e teórico referente ao sujeito que fala, a ação política de um sujeito entendida pelas variadas visões dentro do pensamento de esquerda. O capitulo dois trata da aporia do atual sentido empregado ao lugar de fala, qual seja: uma ênfase liberal da política nos indivíduos, estes tidos como uma categoria ideológica, o lugar de fala como um individualismo por via obliqua. Por fim, conclui-se que a política identitária contemporânea, representada pelo uso do lugar de fala, deslocou o eixo de atuação da esquerda da coletividade para o indivíduo.

Este trabalho busca analisar os processos de educação dirigidos aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei em regime de privação de liberdade na Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo do Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), tendo como preocupação central a particularidade da formação por meio da escola – enquanto formação formal/regular – e da “formação para o trabalho” nesse ambiente. Os locais da realização da pesquisa de campo foram a Escola Senador Pasqualini da unidade Padre Cacique do Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo (CASE-PC) e o Centro de Convivência (CECON) – local em que são realizadas as oficinas de “profissionalização”. Especificamente, esta pesquisa volta-se para os processos de formação desenvolvidos no interior de uma instituição de internação em regime fechado e a função que a escola e o trabalho têm nesses processos. Esta dissertação pretendeu também, verificar quais são as possibilidades e os limites de desenvolvimento de uma educação ampliada, enquanto formação humana omnilateral e politécnica. O método que fundamenta esta dissertação é o materialismo histórico-dialético, tendo nas categorias de totalidade, historicidade e contradição, o suporte para a condução da pesquisa. A metodologia articuladora da pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados, o grupo focal, a entrevista semiestruturada e as anotações de campo. A principal constatação deste trabalho foi que os processos de formação da FASE-RS conduzem a uma aceitação tácita e naturalizada da forma de organização social, resultando em propostas que invariavelmente se reduzem a tentar “inculcar” ou “incutir” no pensamento dos adolescentes a ideologia da classe dominante. Os processos de formação da FASE-RS se reduzem a uma tentativa de fazer os adolescentes aceitarem a lógica do sistema capitalista, inviabilizando qualquer posicionamento crítico que possibilite aos adolescentes questionarem ou problematizarem a forma de organização social atual, ao qual são submetidos e sofrem graves consequências. Com isso, estes processos de formação se restringem a alimentar uma esperança de futura inserção no mercado de trabalho e afirmar que o adolescente tem condições e precisa se esforçar para se inserir nesta sociedade. / This work seeks to analyze the processes of education directed to adolescents in conflict with the law under the deprivation of liberty in the Socio-Educational Services Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), and as a central concern of special education through the school - while formal training / regular - and "job training" in this environment. The locations of the survey field were Senador Pasqualini School Unit Chief Priest of the Center for Socio- Educational Services (CASE-PC) and Social Center (CECON) - where they are held workshops of “professionalization”. Specifically, this research turns to the formation processes developed within a detention institution in a closed regime and the role that school and work have these processes. This dissertation also wanted to verify what are the possibilities and limits of development of an expanded education, while training and human omnilateral polytechnic. The method underlying this dissertation is the historical and dialectical materialism, and the categories of totality, historicity and contradiction, support for the conduct of research. The methodology was the organizer of the research case study, with the techniques of data collection, focus groups, semi-structured interviews and field notes. The main finding of this study was that the processes of formation of the FASE-RS lead to a tacit acceptance of and naturalized form of social organization, resulting in proposals that invariably boil down to trying to “impress” or “instill” in the minds of adolescents ideology the ruling class. The formation processes of FASE-RS are reduced to an attempt to get adolescents to accept the logic of the capitalist system, preventing any critical position that enables teens to question or problematize the current form of social organization, which are submitted and suffer serious consequences. Thus, these formation processes are restricted to feeding a hope for future integration into the labor market and said that the adolescent is able and must strive to enter in this society.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-07T16:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Suely Ana Ribeiro - 2013.pdf: 1638070 bytes, checksum: 84d42450b23f95d72eec2724e959501d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-07T16:26:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Suely Ana Ribeiro - 2013.pdf: 1638070 bytes, checksum: 84d42450b23f95d72eec2724e959501d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T16:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Suely Ana Ribeiro - 2013.pdf: 1638070 bytes, checksum: 84d42450b23f95d72eec2724e959501d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this research, I investigate how the teaching of English language based on a critical and reflective perspective developed in a public school in Goiania has happened. This research also investigates the place of language development in foreign language teaching in this context and the perception of the school community about critical teaching. To achieve this goal, I adopt a qualitative perspective and I develop an ethnographic critical research, which seeks to unveil the social and historical conditions in which the comprehension and the appreciation of social practices are formed and sustained in order to transform them for the common good. The data were collected through field notes, interviews, questionnaires, written productions and reflective narratives and they were analyzed in light of studies of Critical Pedagogy, which understand teaching as an essentially political activity committed to the problematization of knowledge, with the construction of a critical dialogue and with social practices directed towards to common welfare. This research is also based on Critical Applied Linguistics studies, which advocates in favor of an anti-hegemonic teaching practice as well as in defense of a policy of diversity and plurality, being also attentive to the political nature of language practices. The results of this study reveals that the English teaching practiced by the teacher happens through the problematization of critical issues that can be addressed with prior teaching plan or at the moment that critical events occurs in the classroom. The results also show from the point of view of the school community - participant teacher, parents, students, pedagogical team, teachers team – that there are changes in students behavior and attitudes within the classroom and in the wider social context. In addition, the students also demonstrated an increase of awareness of their own actions and concepts. In summary, this study allowed us the perception that the problematization of issues related to social life within English class can be seen as ways of developing linguistic knowledge, but also it can surpass the school boundaries and it can contribute to the empowerment of those who stays at the border of society as well as can contribute to the constitution of their identities and to individuals emancipation. / Nesta pesquisa, investigo como o ensino de língua inglesa ancorado numa perspectiva crítica e reflexiva desenvolvido em uma escola pública municipal de Goiânia tem acontecido, bem como o lugar do desenvolvimento linguístico na língua estrangeira nesse contexto de ensino e, ainda, a percepção da comunidade escolar acerca do ensino crítico desenvolvido. Para realizar tal objetivo, adoto uma perspectiva qualitativa e desenvolvo uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico crítico, que busca desvelar as condições sociais e históricas nas quais se formam e sustentam os modos de entendimento e valorização das práticas sociais a fim de modificá-las em prol do bem comum. Os dados, coletados por meio de notas de campo, entrevistas, questionários, produções textuais escritas e relatos reflexivos, foram analisados a luz dos estudos da Pedagogia Crítica, que concebe o ensino como atividade essencialmente política comprometida com a problematização do conhecimento; com a construção de um diálogo crítico e afirmativo; e com práticas sociais voltadas para o bem estar comum. Fundamentam, também, esta pesquisa, os estudos em Linguística Aplicada Crítica, a qual preconiza uma ação docente anti-hegemônica alinhada a uma política da diversidade e da pluralidade, além de estar atenta para o caráter político das práticas de linguagem. Os resultados deste estudo apontam que o ensino desenvolvido pela professora se dá por meio da problematização de temas críticos que podem ser abordados com preparação prévia ou de forma incidental, nos eventos críticos que ocorrem em sala de aula. Apontam, ainda, para a percepção de que, por meio do ensino do ensino crítico desenvolvido pela professora, os alunos apresentam desenvolvimento linguístico, tanto na compreensão oral, visto que a professora intercala o uso da língua portuguesa com o da língua inglesa em sala de aula, quanto na produção escrita. Os resultados apontam, também, por meio da percepção da comunidade escolar – professora participante, pais, alunos, equipe pedagógica, corpo docente – para mudanças de comportamentos e posturas dos alunos tanto no contexto de sala de aula quanto num contexto mais amplo de convívio dos alunos. Além disso, os alunos demonstram desenvolvimento de uma maior consciência sobre seus atos e seus conceitos. Em suma, este estudo nos permitiu a percepção de que a problematização de questões da vida em sociedade nas aulas de inglês pode configurar-se tanto como via de desenvolvimento do conhecimento linguístico como transpor o espaço escolar e tornar-se um aporte social capaz de contribuir para o fortalecimento daqueles que margeiam a sociedade bem como para a constituição das identidades e a emancipação dos sujeitos.

[pt] As Escolas de Formação Fé e Política são uma feição contemporânea da formação política dos cristãos na Igreja do Brasil. Conhecer a origem desse novo modelo de formação, mapear essas escolas e socializar suas experiências têm grande relevância pastoral, sendo que neste trabalho são apresentadas treze escolas. A tese que se defende nesta pesquisa é a de que existe uma teologia subjacente a estas escolas e, por isto, seu objetivo principal é o de fazer um estudo teológico dos objetivos, programas e conteúdos de formação das escolas, tendo como parâmetro o Ensino Social da Igreja e a Teologia latino-americana. No que se refere ao Ensino Social da Igreja, será seguida a indicação da Evangelii Nuntiandi, tendo como base a Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et Spes e demais documentos da Doutrina Social da Igreja. No que tange a Teologia latino-americana, serão consideradas sua metodologia e sua reflexão teológica, bem como os modelos teológicos de relação Fé e Política engendrados por teólogos deste continente. A conclusão a que se chegou é que existem ênfases teológicas diversas, presentes nas Escolas de Formação Fé e Política. / [en] The Faith and Politics Formation Schools are a contemporary expression of the Christian political formation at the Brazilian Catholic Church. To know the source of this new formation model, to map these schools and socialize their experiences is a very important pastoral task, so this work presents thirteen schools. The proposed thesis in this research is that there is a theology that underlies these schools and, therefore, in this work, the main objective is to develop a theological study of its objectives, programs and content related to the formation, based on the Social Teaching of the Church and in Latin American theology, as a perspective. Regarding the Social Teaching of the Church, it will be followed an indication of Evangelii Nuntiandi, based on the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, and other documents of the Social Doctrine of the Church. As far as Latin American Theology, it will be considered its methodology and its theological reflection, as well as the theological models of the relationship between Faith and Politics`, engendered by theologians of this continent. The conclusion reached is that there are different theological emphasis present in Faith and Politics Formation Schools.

Chapter one gives a proposed outline for the research that will develop the theological-ethical dimension of neighbor as discerned from Leviticus 19. This chapter will give the reader an understanding of the purpose, motivation, and a hypothesis for the proposed research. An outline of the impending study will also be highlighted. In chapter two a brief discussion of two events and the evangelical denomination that have shaped my worldview will be highlighted. This chapter will also explore the diverse world of ideological criticism. A look at the wide ranging areas of specialties within ideological criticism will be the focus of this chapter. The way in which ideological criticism will be utilized as an interpretive methodology will be argued alongside Mary Douglas’ ring composition as a function of socio-rhetorical criticism. A grammatical analysis of Leviticus 19 will comprise chapter three. The Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible will be the primary source for this analysis. The exegesis of Leviticus will be the foundation for the study of the proposed topic. The purpose for the historical setting of the writing of Leviticus 19 will be given as well as archaeological evidence describing the societal make-up of the time period. An alternative interpretative emphasis will be argued in chapter four. Ring composition, as outlined by Mary Douglas, will be the tool utilized for this interpretation for Leviticus 19. This chapter will also explore the ways in which three New Testament characters utilized and contextualized passages from Leviticus 19. Chapter five will spotlight the recent events of May 2008. This month demonstrated the explosive consequences of unleashed and uncontrolled xenophobic violence. This month saw some of the most terrifying events since the inception of democracy in South Africa. Commentary and deliberation on the causes that sparked this violence will be examined through the eyes of journalists, politicians, citizens, foreigners and religious leaders. The reluctance of evangelicals to engage in social transformation will be critically analyzed in chapter six. Two movements that polarized the evangelical community will also be addressed. The thrust of this chapter will be the proposed theology of transformation. If this strategy of transformation might be utilized by the evangelical church, sustainable social justice could be possible. This strategy will be presented in a practical, applicable manner. The interrelationship between spiritual and social transformation will conclude this chapter. All of these will be encapsulated within the idea of ubuntu or African hospitality. Chapter seven will bring to a conclusion the research. There is a short synopsis of past and present religious creeds and statements of faith. The Hitler Effect will be examined in the light of how people focus on the minute differences instead of celebrating their overwhelming similarities. The events of November 2008 in America will be viewed through the refining lenses of society and its effect within greater society. This chapter will conclude with a summary of the study, reflections and future considerations. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

abstract: What are possibilities for transforming the structural relationship between Indigenous peoples and settlers? Research conversations among a set of project partners (Indigenous and settler pairs)—who reside in the Phoenix metro area, Arizona or on O’ahu, Hawai’i—addressed what good relationships look like and how to move the structural relationship towards those characteristics. Participants agreed that developing shared understandings is foundational to transforming the structural relationship between Indigenous peoples and settlers; that Indigenous values systems should guide a process of transforming relationships; and that settlers must consider their position in relation to Indigenous peoples because position informs responsibility. The proposed framework for settler responsibility is based on the research design and findings, and addresses structural and individual level transformation. The framework suggests that structural-level settler responsibility entails helping to transform the structural relationship and that the settler role involves a settler transformation process parallel to Indigenous resurgence. On an individual level, personal relationships determine appropriate responsibilities, and the framework includes a suggested process between Indigenous persons and settlers for uncovering what these responsibilities are. The study included a trial of the suggested process, which includes four methods: (1) developing shared understandings of terms/concepts through discussion, (2) gathering stories about who participants are in relationship to each other, (3) examining existing daily practices that gesture to a different structural relationship, and (4) using creative processes to imagine structural relationships in a shared world beyond settler colonialism. These methods explore what possibilities unfold when settlers center their relationship with Indigenous peoples. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social and Cultural Pedagogy 2020

Questions the viability of Kenya’s transitional justice mechanisms as vehicles for social and political transformation? In particular, the dissertation assesses the efficacy of transitional justice mechanisms adopted by Kenya as a tool for democratic transformation. By focusing on the current delicate political situation in Kenya and the different approaches adopted in various contexts, the study could make a contribution by providing clarity on these issues. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Atangcho N Akonumbo, Faculte de Sciences Sociales et de Gestion Universite Catholique D’Afrique Centrale Yaounde Cameroun. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The diploma thesis investigates somewhat overlooked development of the West European societies and attitudes of citizens and political parties towards direct democracy. In the Western Europe (and not only there), we observe substantial questioning of the delegation of power principle, thereupon large part of citizenry is asking for more decision-making powers, most often direct democracy instruments. The support for direct democracy could be coming from the educated and politically active (cognitive mobilization hypothesis) as well as the alienated and politically disaffected (political disaffection hypothesis) citizens. The diploma thesis presupposes that this popular demand is reflected mostly by the novel parties which try to weaken the standings of the traditional parties - i. e. the novel parties support and offer the implementation of the direct democracy mechanisms more than the traditional ones. The breakthrough of the direct democracy techniques would empower the voters - the judges in the Schumpeterian/Popperian conception of democracy - in the face of the political subjects, while this empowerement would carry along far- reaching consequences for the central research areas of the political science, namely the study of the organizational development of political parties. In this thesis,...