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Teonome epistemologiese oorwegings by grondwetuitlegTheron, Antoine 11 1900 (has links)
This article considers the nature of interpretation as important question in constitutional
interpretation from a theonomic epistemological perspective. Theonomic epistemology is
summarily described. The modem language philosophy's view of the nature of interpretation
is then investigated, after which a theonomic definition of interpretation and hermeneutics is
suggested. Different approaches to interpretation commonly found in legal practice are
evaluated on the basis of the suggested definition. The theonomic approach is then applied to
another issue in constitutional interpretation, the nature of the judicial function, and broad
guidelines are given for the practical application of theonomic epistemological considerations. / Hierdie artikel ondersoek die wese van interpretasie as belangrike vraagstuk by
grondwetuitleg vanuit die perspektief van die teonome epistemologie. Die teonome
epistemologie word oorsigtelik beskryf. Die modeme taalfilosofie se beskouing van
interpretasie word dan behandel, waama 'n teonome definisie van interpretasie en
hermeneutiek voorgestel word. Die verskillende uitlegbenaderings wat algemeen in die
praktyk voorkom, word aan die hand van die voorgestelde definisie geevalueer. Vervolgens
word die teonome benadering op 'n ander vraagstuk van grondwetuitleg - die aard van die
regterlike funksie - toegepas, en word bree riglyne vir toepassing van teonome
epistemologiese oorwegings in die praktyk van regspraak gegee. / Department of Constitutional International and Indigenous Law / LL.M.
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A construção social do meia sola : trabalho, pobreza e o Programa Bolsa Família na zona da mata canavieira de AlagoasSantos, Charles dos 10 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The research in question was conducted in the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas,
Brazil, a region that is characterized by the expressive presence of sugarcane
agribusiness and poverty, which is manifested in critical indicators of human and social
development. The study is an analysis of the living conditions of sugarcane workers in two
cities located in this territory – Branquinha and União dos Palmares – as well as of the
means accessed by these men and women and their relatives to ensure family survival.
The study, which is eminently qualitative, was carried out based on the bibliographical
research and the accomplishment of open and semi-structured interviews with men and
women of the cities mentioned above that were at the intersection of the experience as
workers in sugarcane sector and the experience as beneficiaries of Bolsa Família
Program. The theoretical approach that guided the research is that which deals with the
precariat, this fraction of class that according to the Brazilian sociologist Ruy Braga lives
squeezed between the threat of socioeconomic exclusion and the increase of the
exploitation of its workforce by economic sectors; and is also, according to the British
economist Guy Standing, the social segment that most suffers from the insecurity about
the rights. The study showed that sugarcane workers in Branquinha and União dos
Palmares oscillated between formal work and informal work, but both of which were
carried out in precarious conditions. The first is related to those activities that despite be
registered are extremely painful and hurtful to the physical and mental health of the
worker. Some examples are sugarcane cutting, herbicide application in cane fields, and
cane scrolling on slopes. The second refers to the activities done without any social
protection and which are equally heavy and painful. The exploration of sand in rivers and
the work in quarries are some cases. It was also seen that even the workers who were
beneficiaries of a monetary transfer program such as Bolsa Família continued to
accomplish precarious works and were paid well below their basic consumption needs.
This leads one to believe that the program puts away the workers from the risks of
complete socioeconomic exclusion, but does not give them the conditions to get rid of the
need to accomplish dirty, heavy, seasonal and poorly paid jobs, such as those in the cane
field. The meia sola of the title, therefore, refers to these workers, since in the region
where the empirical immersion has taken place the expression has to do with
precariousness, indefinition and incompleteness. The meia sola is the precarious worker of
the socio-geographic space known as the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas, that is a
region with huge sugar cane fields and big sugar cane mills. / A pesquisa em questão foi desenvolvida na Zona da Mata Canavieira do estado de
Alagoas, uma região que é caracterizada pela marcante presença do agronegócio
canavieiro e ainda pela pobreza, manifesta em recorrentes índices críticos de
desenvolvimento humano e social. A obra consiste na análise das condições de vida de
trabalhadores agrícolas do setor canavieiro em duas cidades situadas nesse território –
Branquinha e União dos Palmares –, bem como dos meios acessados por esses sujeitos
e seus parentes para garantir a sobrevivência familiar. O estudo, de caráter
eminentemente qualitativo, foi feito com base na pesquisa em fontes bibliográficas e na
realização de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas com homens e mulheres das
cidades acima referidas que se encontravam na intersecção da experiência com o
trabalho no setor canavieiro e a experiência como beneficiários do Programa Bolsa
Família (PBF). A abordagem teórica que orientou a pesquisa é aquela que trata do
precariado, essa fração de classe que segundo o sociólogo brasileiro Ruy Braga vive
espremida entre a ameaça da exclusão socioeconômica e a incrementação da exploração
de sua força de trabalho por setores econômicos, e que, na concepção do economista
britânico Guy Standing, é o segmento social que mais sofre com a insegurança frente aos
direitos. O estudo mostrou que os trabalhadores canavieiros dos municípios de
Branquinha e União dos Palmares oscilavam entre o trabalho formal e o trabalho informal,
porém, ambos realizados em condições precárias. O primeiro está relacionado àquelas
atividades que, apesar de “fichar a carteira”, são extremamente penosas e nocivas à
saúde física e mental do trabalhador. Alguns exemplos são o corte de cana, a aplicação
de herbicida nos canaviais e o embolamento de cana em encostas. Já o segundo referese
às atividades feitas sem nenhuma proteção social e que são igualmente pesadas e
estropiantes. A retirada de areia em rios e o trabalho em pedreiras são alguns casos. Foi
visto também que mesmo as trabalhadoras e os trabalhadores beneficiários de um
programa de transferência monetária como o PBF seguiam realizando trabalhos precários
e sendo remunerados bem abaixo das suas necessidades básicas de consumo. Isso leva
a crer que o programa afasta os sujeitos dos riscos da completa exclusão
socioeconômica, mas não lhes dá condições de se livrarem da necessidade de realizar
trabalhos sujos, pesados, sazonais e que pagam mal, como aqueles do canavial. O meia
sola do título, portanto, refere-se a esses sujeitos, já que na região onde foi realizada a
imersão empírica a expressão tem a ver com precariedade, indefinição e incompletude. O
meia sola é o trabalhador precário do espaço sociogeográfico conhecido como a Zona da
Mata Canavieira de Alagoas.
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Juventude rural, entre ficar e partir: a dinâmica dos jovens rurais da comunidade de Cerro Azul, Palma Sola/SC / Rural youth, between staying and leaving: the dynamics of rural youth in the community of Cerro Azul, Palma SolaKummer, Rodrigo 18 June 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research analyzes the social factors related to the process and the dynamics that are established with the rural youth from going out and getting the / in the countryside. The discussion is based on a study among young rural community of Cerro Azul in the municipality of Palma Sola, confined to the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. This community, made from the 1940s, had historically its economic base in agriculture and demographic guided. However, currently there is an intermittent decrease of its population, being predominantly young population that is decreasing. This change is justified by the large number of young people who have left the countryside and agricultural activities to reside in urban areas. But not all young people who choose to leave the field. Some remain in the community and are directly involved with farming and agriculture. However these are not decisions of no return. As far as getting out are provisional and procedural decisions. Are phenomena that occur as related behaviors, fluids and not necessarily defined. Speaking generally references the expression "seeing how it goes", that is, even if there is the intention to remain there sure between going and staying. Stay is a temporary decision and subject to change, given the sense of life course and social conditions made available and achievable. There is an expectation and a desire to see themselves embodied improvements in rural areas that are described as "opportunities" - which reads: job opportunities in the field and take the actual conditions of agricultural activity. We discuss, in summary, the factors related to the decision to leave and to stay as well as the dynamics that young people who are in rural areas are in life that play. / Esta pesquisa analisa os fatores sociais relacionados ao processo e às dinâmicas que se estabelecem com os jovens rurais entre sair e ficar do/no meio rural. A discussão baseia-se num estudo entre jovens da comunidade rural de Cerro Azul localizada no município de Palma Sola, circunscrito a região Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Esta comunidade, constituída a partir da década de 1940, teve historicamente sua base econômica e demográfica pautada na agricultura. Entretanto, atualmente verifica-se uma intermitente diminuição de sua população, sendo predominantemente a população jovem que vem decrescendo. Essa alteração se justifica pelo grande número de jovens que tem abandonado o campo e as atividades agrícolas para residir no meio urbano. Todavia não são todos os jovens que optam por abandonar o campo. Alguns permanecem na comunidade e estão envolvidos diretamente com a atividade agrícola e agropecuária. No entanto, essas não são decisões sem volta. Tanto sair quanto ficar são decisões provisórias e processuais. São fenômenos que se verificam como comportamentos relativos, fluídos e não necessariamente definidos. O discurso em geral referencia a expressão: vendo no que vai dar , isto é, mesmo que há a intenção de permanecer não há certeza entre ir e ficar. Ficar é uma decisão temporária e passível de mudança, dado o sentido de trajetória de vida assumido e as condições sociais disponíveis e alcançáveis. Existe uma expectativa e um desejo de verem-se consubstanciadas melhorias no meio rural que são descritas como oportunidades onde se lê: oferta de empregos no campo e condições efetivas de assumir a atividade agrícola. Discutem-se, em síntese, os fatores relacionados à decisão de partir e de permanecer, bem como as dinâmicas que os jovens que estão no meio rural constituem na vida que desempenham.
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Freizeit und Mission: Eine empirisch-theologische Arbeit uber den Einfluss von christlicher Freizeitarbeit auf die Glaubensgenese Jugendlicher am Beispiel von SOLA / Recreation and mission: an empirical-theological study of the impact Christian camps have on the emergence of faith of young people based on the example of SOLAWeiss, Siegfried Eckart 02 1900 (has links)
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde die Auswirkung von christlicher Freizeitarbeit
auf die Glaubensgenese von Jugendlichen erforscht. Die Umsetzung
erfolgte mithilfe einer empirisch-theologischen Untersuchung am Beispiel
eines SOLAs. Es wurden qualitative Interviews mit Jugendlichen durchgefuhrt, die uber die SOLA-Arbeit eine Glaubensgenese erlebt haben. Die
erhobenen Daten wurden mit der Grounded-Theory-Methodik nach Breuer
(2009) ausgewertet und mit den Theorien zur Glaubensgenese von Engel
(1989), Grom (1992) und Zulehner (2008) in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse
wurden auf die einzelnen Elemente angewendet, die bei der Gestaltung
einer Freizeit zur Verfugung stehen. Damit ist eine Hilfestellung entstanden,
die Veranstaltern von Freizeiten eine Orientierung geben kann, auf welche
Elemente einer Freizeit besonders zu achten ist, wenn eine Glaubensgenese
erwunscht ist. / This research paper analyzes the impact Christian recreational activities have
on the emergence of young people’s faith. Using the example of SOLA,
the analysis is based on empiric-theological research. Young people, whose
faith has emerged through SOLA were interviewed qualitatively. The data
retrieved was analyzed using the grounded theory method by Breuer (2009)
and put into relation to the theories of Engel (1989), Grom (1992) and Zulehner
(2008) about how faith emerges. Furthermore, these results were applied
to the individual elements available through the organization of camps. The
outcomes the author has established are of assistance to all parties involved
in the organization of christian recreational activities, who want to improve
their programs toward impacting the emergence of faith in their participants. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)
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Histomorfometria, microtomografia bidimensional e tridimensional, teste de nanodureza e composição bioquímica do estojo córneo de bubalinos / Histomorphometry, bidimensional and tridimensional microtomography, nanohardness test and biochemical composition of hoof capsule of buffaloesAssis, Bruno Moraes 29 October 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Despite not being a common subject of studies about buffalo, the incidence of hulls diseases
has important scientific aspects as these animals, as they are breeded in adverse conditions,
have different resistance for the occurrence of podais diseases when compared to cattle,
especially dairy cattle. The knowledge about microstructural structures of buffalo’s hoof
generated important information for understanding of the intrinsic resistance of buffaloes foot
diseases. This study aimed to investigate the microstructure of adult Jafarabadi buffaloes,
through histomorphometric ratings, two-dimensional microtomography, three-dimensional,
nanohardness test and biochemical composition. Histomorphometric ratings revealed
important features not yet investigated by other researchers, highlighting the structural
behavior of epidermal papillae in different regions of corneal layer, the morphology and
disposition of the horn tubules, the architecture of extratubular and intratubular keratin and
even organization of melanosomes . It was observed that the average length of buds, thickness
and spacing in pelvic and thoracic digit did not show statistically significant differences.
However, an increase in thickness of the laminar corium papillae of the wall and spacing was
observed when comparing the average of the coronary corium and wall and sole laminar
corium. When compared to the findings of other researchers, this study have shown that the
epidermal papillae on the hulls of these animals are presented larger than the epidermal
papillae of Holstein and Gir animals, suggesting that the buffalo’s has greater keratin
production and better epidermis and horny case fixing. It can be conjectured that such
characteristics are associate with greater resistance to foot diseases of this animals, although
additional studies are needed. Analysis of microtomography and nanohardness test showed
increased medial digit of forelimbs and side-digit of hindlimbs exhibit increased horn tubules
with larger diameters. But the abaxial wall of forelimbs digit showed higher values than
hindlimbs digit. Even there was not significant difference between the digits analyzed, this
study could clarify important aspects of the nanohardness of different regions of the corneal
case of buffalo’s digits. 3D microtomography analysis revealed that the dorsal wall presents a
greater hardness compared to the abaxial wall of intermediate hardness, and with the sole of
the hoof, that showed the lowest hardness among the evaluated areas. It was inferred that
tridimensional microtomography testing is more specific than Vickers nanohardness test for
this structure. However, further research are required. Biochemical tests generated parameters
about structural elements of the corneal case, which showed different concentrations in
relation to the region and anatomical position of the hull. These differences are related to the
digits wich recive higher load of body weight and impact. This study generated knowledge
and parameters to be used in further researches on different bovine species and breeds. / As enfermidades de cascos, apesar de ser alvo de poucos estudos na espécie bubalina,
apresentam aspectos científicos importantes uma vez que estes animais, mesmo criados em
condições adversas, apresentam resistência diferenciada quanto à ocorrência de doenças
podais, quando comparados aos bovinos, com destaque para os de aptidão leiteira. Acredita-se
que o conhecimento microestrutural do casco de bubalinos gerou informações importantes
para melhor entendimento da resistência podal intrínseca dos bubalinos às enfermidades
podais. O presente estudo teve por finalidade pesquisar a microestrutura do estojo córneo de
búfalas adultas, raça Jafarabadi, por meio de avaliações histomorfométricas, microtomografia
bidimensional, tridimensional, teste de nanodureza e composição bioquímica. As avaliações
histomorfométricas em bubalinos revelaram características importantes ainda não
investigadas por outros pesquisadores, destacando o comportamento estrutural das papilas
epidérmicas nas diferentes regiões do estojo córneo, a morfologia e disposição dos túbulos
córneos, a arquitetura da queratina extratubular e intratubular e ainda organização dos
melanossomas. Pode-se observar nessas avaliações que as médias de comprimento das
papilas, espessura e espaçamento nos dígitos dos membros pélvicos e torácicos não
apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre si. Todavia, ao comparar as médias do
córion coronário, córion laminar da muralha e sola, observou-se entre as regiões do estojo
córneo, um aumento da espessura das papilas do córion laminar da muralha e do espaçamento
comparando-se as demais regiões. Os achados dessa pesquisa quando comparados aos
achados de outros pesquisadores, demonstraram que as papilas epidérmicas nos cascos desses
animais, apresentam-se maiores que as papilas epidérmicas de bovinos das raças, Holandesa e
Gir, sugerindo que possuem maior capacidade de produção de queratina e melhor fixação da
epiderme ao estojo córneo. Contudo, pôde-se conjecturar tais características com a maior
resistência desses animais as enfermidades podais, embora haja a necessidade de estudos
adicionais. Por meio das análises de microtomografia e teste de nanodureza, pode-se verificar
que os dígitos mediais dos membros torácicos e os dígitos laterais dos membros pélvicos
apresentaram maior quantidade de túbulos córneos com diâmetros maiores. Porém, a muralha
abaxial dos dígitos dos membros torácicos apresentaram valores superiores aos dígitos dos
membros pélvicos. Apesar de não ter sido observada diferença significativa entre os dígitos
estudados, o presente estudo pôde esclarecer, ainda, aspectos importantes sobre a nanodureza
das diferentes regiões do estojo córneo dos dígitos de bubalinos. A análise de
microtomografia 3D revelou que a muralha dorsal apresenta maior dureza quando comparada
com a muralha abaxial, de dureza intermediária, bem como, com a sola do casco, que
apresentou menor dureza entre as regiões avaliadas. Inferiu-se assim que o teste de
microtomografia tridimensional seja mais específico que o teste de nanodureza de Vickers
para a estrutura considerada. No entanto, tal afirmação requer pesquisas adicionais. Os testes
bioquímicos geraram parâmetros quanto aos elementos estruturais do estojo córneo, que
demonstraram diferentes concentrações em relação à região e posição anatômica do casco,
sendo essas diferenças associadas aos dígitos que recebem maior sobrecarga de massa
corporal e impacto. O presente estudo gerou conhecimento e parâmetros a serem utilizados
em outras investigações científicas, em outras espécies e raças de bovídeos.
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A critical analysis of the application of the sola Scriptura principle in Adventist theological thinking and practical action with special reference to the Zambian contextHachalinga, Passmore 06 1900 (has links)
Theological divisions are threatening the Seventh-day Adventist Church’s unity and focus
on mission. Some Adventist theologians suggest that the cause of these divisions is a departure by
other Adventist theologians from adhering to and applying the sola Scriptura principle. This study
analyzes this problem.
Chapter one presents reasons for a call during the 16th century, to reform the church to its
apostolic purity. Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers argued against the medieval church,
popes, and church councils’ claim for authority to properly interpret and teach Scripture and
Tradition. Differing views of reforming the church sparked divisions among the Protestant
Reformers, creating two main streams, the magisterial and the radical Reformers. The Roman
Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformations with a Counter-Reformation.
Chapter two discusses Seventh-day Adventism’s application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Although Adventism claims to descend from the radical wing of the Protestant Reformations, its
acceptance of Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry and her non-canonical inspired writings departs
from a radical application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Chapter three presents Biblical evidences for God’s use of multiple media of communication
beside the Bible. Therefore Adventism needs to clearly define its understanding and application of
the sola Scriptura principle to accommodate other theological sources in addition to the Bible.
Chapter four presents Scripture in Zambian Adventist context, tracing Adventism’s use of
the Bible in evangelization. Adventism’s responses to changing socio-political and religiopluralistic
trends which threatened to marginalize Bible Instructions, and the development of, but
failed attempt to implement an Adventist Bible-based Religious Education syllabus at Rusangu
Secondary School are presented.
Chapter five gives the general summary, conclusion and recommendations. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Les différends anthropologiques dans la séparation entre catholiques et protestants : approches historique, systématique et oecuménique / The anthropological disagreements in the separation between catholics and protestants : historical, systematic and oecumenical approachNivoit, Maryvonne 09 September 2015 (has links)
Une question demeure récurrente : les divisions qui subsistent depuis le XVIè siècle entre Catholiques, Luthériens et Réformés sont-elles autant d’ordre anthropologique que théologique ? Cette problématique paraissant pouvoir être soutenue, il convenait alors de déterminer les différends anthropologiques, de les analyser et de se demander s’ils sont une entrave à la Κοινωνία. L’étude de la situation au XVIè siècle a permis de conclure que les concepts anthropologiques portés par une philosophie existentielle ont joué un rôle important dans la rupture au sein de l’Église d’Occident. Le retour sur la pensée de Pannenberg, Moltmann, Rahner, théologiens de trois confessions différentes, autorise à dire qu’au XXè siècle la vision de l’homme a toujours une incidence sur les concepts théologiques, mais les différences sont de moins en moins séparatrices et deviennent souvent des dons à partager. L’analyse de dialogues œcuméniques a mis en évidence que les différends anthropothéologiques ont été partiellement réconciliés et font l’objet d’accords, voire d’une déclaration commune sur la Doctrine de la Justification. Aujourd’hui, un défi reste à relever celui d’une déclaration sur le Ministère en vue du partage à la même table eucharistique. Une démarche de consensus différencié serait une aide à la recherche d’une pleine communion. / An issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion.
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A critical analysis of the application of the sola Scriptura principle in Adventist theological thinking and practical action with special reference to the Zambian contextHachalinga, Passmore 06 1900 (has links)
Theological divisions are threatening the Seventh-day Adventist Church’s unity and focus
on mission. Some Adventist theologians suggest that the cause of these divisions is a departure by
other Adventist theologians from adhering to and applying the sola Scriptura principle. This study
analyzes this problem.
Chapter one presents reasons for a call during the 16th century, to reform the church to its
apostolic purity. Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers argued against the medieval church,
popes, and church councils’ claim for authority to properly interpret and teach Scripture and
Tradition. Differing views of reforming the church sparked divisions among the Protestant
Reformers, creating two main streams, the magisterial and the radical Reformers. The Roman
Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformations with a Counter-Reformation.
Chapter two discusses Seventh-day Adventism’s application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Although Adventism claims to descend from the radical wing of the Protestant Reformations, its
acceptance of Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry and her non-canonical inspired writings departs
from a radical application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Chapter three presents Biblical evidences for God’s use of multiple media of communication
beside the Bible. Therefore Adventism needs to clearly define its understanding and application of
the sola Scriptura principle to accommodate other theological sources in addition to the Bible.
Chapter four presents Scripture in Zambian Adventist context, tracing Adventism’s use of
the Bible in evangelization. Adventism’s responses to changing socio-political and religiopluralistic
trends which threatened to marginalize Bible Instructions, and the development of, but
failed attempt to implement an Adventist Bible-based Religious Education syllabus at Rusangu
Secondary School are presented.
Chapter five gives the general summary, conclusion and recommendations. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)
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